GNAZ

GNAZ
Identifiers
Aliases	GNAZ , G protein subunit alpha z, gz-alpha, HG1H
External IDs	OMIM: 139160 MGI: 95780 HomoloGene: 22574 GeneCards: GNAZ
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 22 (human)
End	23,125,032 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 10 (mouse)
End	74,852,739 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	Brodmann area 10; ; frontal pole; ; middle temporal gyrus; ; middle frontal gyrus; ; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; ; Brodmann area 9; ; cerebellar vermis; ; hippocampus proper; ; amygdala; ; ganglionic eminence;
	Top expressed in
	ventromedial nucleus; ; mammillary body; ; lateral hypothalamus; ; subiculum; ; dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus; ; arcuate nucleus; ; prefrontal cortex; ; median eminence; ; primary motor cortex; ; ventral tegmental area;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	nucleotide binding ; G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding ; signal transducer activity ; metal ion binding ; guanyl nucleotide binding ; GTP binding ; G protein-coupled receptor binding ; GTPase activity ; protein binding ; G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding ;
Cellular component	cell body ; cytosol ; nuclear envelope ; membrane ; plasma membrane ; dendrite ; endoplasmic reticulum ; heterotrimeric G-protein complex ;
Biological process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway ; adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway ; adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway ; signal transduction ; protein folding ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2781
	14687
	ENSG00000128266
	ENSMUSG00000040009
	P19086
	O70443
	NM_002073
	NM_010311 ; NM_001358848
	NP_002064
	NP_034441 ; NP_001345777
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated December 24, 2023

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAZ gene.^[5]^[6]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a G protein subfamily that mediates signal transduction in pertussis toxin-insensitive systems. This encoded protein may play a role in maintaining the ionic balance of perilymphatic and endolymphatic cochlear fluids.^[6]

Interactions

GNAZ has been shown to interact with EYA2,^[7] RGS20 ^[8]^[9] and RGS19.^[7]^[10]

Related Research Articles

G₁₂/G₁₃ alpha subunits are alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins that link cell surface G protein-coupled receptors primarily to guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Together, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of G protein alpha subunits. G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to GTP but inactive and associated with the G beta-gamma complex when bound to GDP. G₁₂/G₁₃ are not targets of pertussis toxin or cholera toxin, as are other classes of G protein alpha subunits.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAQ gene. Together with GNA11, it functions as a Gq alpha subunit.

cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKAR1A gene.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB1 gene.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAO1 gene.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB2 gene.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNG2 gene.

Regulator of G-protein signaling 19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS19 gene.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB5 gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAT2 gene.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAT1 gene.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNGT1 gene.

Neurabin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R9B gene.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNG3 gene.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB4 gene.

Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAPGEF2 gene.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNG5 gene.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNGT2 gene.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNA11 gene. Together with GNAQ, it functions as a Gq alpha subunit.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3, also known as gustducin alpha-3 chain, is a protein subunit that in humans is encoded by the GNAT3 gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128266 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040009 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Matsuoka M, Itoh H, Kaziro Y (September 1990). "Characterization of the human gene for Gx alpha, a pertussis toxin-insensitive regulatory GTP-binding protein". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (22): 13215–20. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)38287-0 . PMID 2115889.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: GNAZ guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha z polypeptide".
1 2 Fan X, Brass LF, Poncz M, Spitz F, Maire P, Manning DR (October 2000). "The alpha subunits of Gz and Gi interact with the eyes absent transcription cofactor Eya2, preventing its interaction with the six class of homeodomain-containing proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (41): 32129–34. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M004577200 . PMID 10906137.
↑ Nagahama M, Usui S, Shinohara T, Yamaguchi T, Tani K, Tagaya M (December 2002). "Inactivation of Galpha(z) causes disassembly of the Golgi apparatus". J. Cell Sci. 115 (Pt 23): 4483–93. doi:10.1242/jcs.00093. PMID 12414994. S2CID 37993828.
↑ Glick JL, Meigs TE, Miron A, Casey PJ (October 1998). "RGSZ1, a Gz-selective regulator of G protein signaling whose action is sensitive to the phosphorylation state of Gzalpha". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (40): 26008–13. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.40.26008 . PMID 9748279.
↑ De Vries L, Elenko E, Hubler L, Jones TL, Farquhar MG (December 1996). "GAIP is membrane-anchored by palmitoylation and interacts with the activated (GTP-bound) form of G alpha i subunits". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (26): 15203–8. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9315203D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.26.15203 . PMC 26381 . PMID 8986788.

Wilkie TM, Gilbert DJ, Olsen AS, Chen XN, Amatruda TT, Korenberg JR, Trask BJ, de Jong P, Reed RR, Simon MI (1992). "Evolution of the mammalian G protein alpha subunit multigene family". Nat. Genet. 1 (2): 85–91. doi:10.1038/ng0592-85. PMID 1302014. S2CID 31888533.
Jiang M, Pandey S, Tran VT, Fong HK (1991). "Guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins in retinal pigment epithelial cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (9): 3907–11. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.3907J. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.9.3907 . PMC 51562 . PMID 1902575.
Gagnon AW, Manning DR, Catani L, Gewirtz A, Poncz M, Brass LF (1991). "Identification of Gz alpha as a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein in human platelets and megakaryocytes". Blood. 78 (5): 1247–53. doi: 10.1182/blood.V78.5.1247.1247 . PMID 1908722.
Hinton DR, Blanks JC, Fong HK, Casey PJ, Hildebrandt E, Simons MI (1990). "Novel localization of a G protein, Gz-alpha, in neurons of brain and retina". J. Neurosci. 10 (8): 2763–70. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-08-02763.1990 . PMC 6570268 . PMID 2117645.
Mumby SM, Heukeroth RO, Gordon JI, Gilman AG (1990). "G-protein alpha-subunit expression, myristoylation, and membrane association in COS cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (2): 728–32. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87..728M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.2.728 . PMC 53339 . PMID 2153964.
Matsuoka M, Itoh H, Kozasa T, Kaziro Y (1988). "Sequence analysis of cDNA and genomic DNA for a putative pertussis toxin-insensitive guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein alpha subunit". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (15): 5384–8. Bibcode:1988PNAS...85.5384M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.15.5384 . PMC 281761 . PMID 2456569.
Blatt C, Eversole-Cire P, Cohn VH, Zollman S, Fournier RE, Mohandas LT, Nesbitt M, Lugo T, Jones DT, Reed RR (1988). "Chromosomal localization of genes encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunits in mouse and human". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (20): 7642–6. Bibcode:1988PNAS...85.7642B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.20.7642 . PMC 282248 . PMID 2902634.
Fong HK, Yoshimoto KK, Eversole-Cire P, Simon MI (1988). "Identification of a GTP-binding protein alpha subunit that lacks an apparent ADP-ribosylation site for pertussis toxin". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (9): 3066–70. Bibcode:1988PNAS...85.3066F. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.9.3066 . PMC 280144 . PMID 3129724.
Fields TA, Casey PJ (1995). "Phosphorylation of Gz alpha by protein kinase C blocks interaction with the beta gamma complex". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (39): 23119–25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.39.23119 . PMID 7559455.
Lounsbury KM, Schlegel B, Poncz M, Brass LF, Manning DR (1993). "Analysis of Gz alpha by site-directed mutagenesis. Sites and specificity of protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (5): 3494–8. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53721-2 . PMID 8429024.
Linder ME, Middleton P, Hepler JR, Taussig R, Gilman AG, Mumby SM (1993). "Lipid modifications of G proteins: alpha subunits are palmitoylated". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (8): 3675–9. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.3675L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.8.3675 . PMC 46364 . PMID 8475115.
Hunt TW, Fields TA, Casey PJ, Peralta EG (1996). "RGS10 is a selective activator of G alpha i GTPase activity". Nature. 383 (6596): 175–7. Bibcode:1996Natur.383..175H. doi:10.1038/383175a0. PMID 8774883. S2CID 4318445.
Magovcevic I, Khetarpal U, Bieber FR, Morton CC (1995). "GNAZ in human fetal cochlea: expression, localization, and potential role in inner ear function". Hear. Res. 90 (1–2): 55–64. doi:10.1016/0378-5955(95)00146-8. PMID 8975005. S2CID 4762404.
De Vries L, Elenko E, Hubler L, Jones TL, Farquhar MG (1996). "GAIP is membrane-anchored by palmitoylation and interacts with the activated (GTP-bound) form of G alpha i subunits". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (26): 15203–8. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9315203D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.26.15203 . PMC 26381 . PMID 8986788.
Ho MK, Wong YH (1997). "Functional role of amino-terminal serine16 and serine27 of G alphaZ in receptor and effector coupling". J. Neurochem. 68 (6): 2514–22. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68062514.x . PMID 9166747.
Sidhu A, Kimura K, Uh M, White BH, Patel S (1998). "Multiple coupling of human D5 dopamine receptors to guanine nucleotide binding proteins Gs and Gz". J. Neurochem. 70 (6): 2459–67. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70062459.x. PMID 9603210. S2CID 35877239.
Lin P, Le-Niculescu H, Hofmeister R, McCaffery JM, Jin M, Hennemann H, McQuistan T, De Vries L, Farquhar MG (1998). "The mammalian calcium-binding protein, nucleobindin (CALNUC), is a Golgi resident protein". J. Cell Biol. 141 (7): 1515–27. doi:10.1083/jcb.141.7.1515. PMC 2132997 . PMID 9647645.
Glick JL, Meigs TE, Miron A, Casey PJ (1998). "RGSZ1, a Gz-selective regulator of G protein signaling whose action is sensitive to the phosphorylation state of Gzalpha". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (40): 26008–13. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.40.26008 . PMID 9748279.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128266 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040009 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid2115889-5] Matsuoka M, Itoh H, Kaziro Y (September 1990). "Characterization of the human gene for Gx alpha, a pertussis toxin-insensitive regulatory GTP-binding protein". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (22): 13215–20. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)38287-0 . PMID 2115889.

[entrez-6] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: GNAZ guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha z polypeptide".

[pmid10906137-7] 1 2 Fan X, Brass LF, Poncz M, Spitz F, Maire P, Manning DR (October 2000). "The alpha subunits of Gz and Gi interact with the eyes absent transcription cofactor Eya2, preventing its interaction with the six class of homeodomain-containing proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (41): 32129–34. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M004577200 . PMID 10906137.

[pmid12414994-8] Nagahama M, Usui S, Shinohara T, Yamaguchi T, Tani K, Tagaya M (December 2002). "Inactivation of Galpha(z) causes disassembly of the Golgi apparatus". J. Cell Sci. 115 (Pt 23): 4483–93. doi:10.1242/jcs.00093. PMID 12414994. S2CID 37993828.

[pmid9748279-9] Glick JL, Meigs TE, Miron A, Casey PJ (October 1998). "RGSZ1, a Gz-selective regulator of G protein signaling whose action is sensitive to the phosphorylation state of Gzalpha". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (40): 26008–13. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.40.26008 . PMID 9748279.

[pmid8986788-10] De Vries L, Elenko E, Hubler L, Jones TL, Farquhar MG (December 1996). "GAIP is membrane-anchored by palmitoylation and interacts with the activated (GTP-bound) form of G alpha i subunits". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (26): 15203–8. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9315203D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.26.15203 . PMC 26381 . PMID 8986788.

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GNAZ

Contents

Function

Interactions

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading