Achaea, Dreams of Divine Lands

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Achaea, Dreams of Divine Lands
AchaeaLogo.jpg
Developer(s) Iron Realms Entertainment
Publisher(s) Iron Realms Entertainment
Engine Rapture Runtime Environment
Platform(s) Platform independent
Release1997
Genre(s) Fantasy MUD
Mode(s) Multiplayer

Achaea, Dreams of Divine Lands is a roleplay-focused, text-based multi-user dungeon (MUD) released on September 9, 1997. It was published by Achaea LLC, now known as Iron Realms Entertainment. Achaea is operated by collecting the revenue through a microtransaction system, which allows payment for the acquisition of in-game benefits.

Contents

Gameplay

In the game, players explore a fantasy sword and sorcery world revolving around six city-states and their respective Houses. As in most role-playing games, players can fight monsters for experience points and treasure, perform quests for non-player characters and interact with other players. One of the major forms of interaction is player vs. player combat, where the dynamic conflict, especially the conflict between Good and Evil plays a dominant role in Achaea. The other play mechanics include the free market economics, which allows the players to design and craft goods, and the player-run social structure, including Houses (formerly guilds) and politics.

The world consists of over twenty thousand locations, known as rooms, ranging from common countryside to more exotic and surreal environments. Players may choose among eighteen classes, [1] ranging from familiar fantasy elements such as paladins to more unusual options such as Tarot-using Occultists.

Recent structural changes have enriched the environment of Achaea further, by opening up the seas to player controlled ships. This has made available many minigames including diving for treasure, deep-sea fishing and even a form of piracy.

Revenue

Achaea is one of the first known examples of a game with microtransactions. It had been initially launched when Internet service plans were time-limited, effectively gating access to MUDs so that their cost of operations were low. However, when America On-Line offered flat-rate plans, this removed that gate, and many MUDs like Achaea became unprofitable since players could spend much more time on them. Achaea's creator Matt Mihaly came up with the idea of a dual currency system to generate revenue to cover the higher operating costs; while one in-game currency remained free, the other premium currency could only be purchased with real-world funds, and many special items could only be purchased with the premium currency. [2]

Achaea's controversial revenue structure has received attention from the game development industry. Although Iron Realms Entertainment provides a custom MUD interface for the game, there are neither up-front costs, nor monthly fees typical for the MMORPG-genre. [1] Instead, players may spend money for credits that are then used in-game to acquire skills and superior equipment.[ citation needed ]

Recently, however, Achaea has somewhat deviated from this model. In early 2010, the option to purchase an Iron Elite membership became available, which periodically gives players credits and other bonuses in exchange for a monthly fee.[ citation needed ]

The International Game Developers Association (IGDA) has noted that Achaea has been successful in this "revenue from object sales" model, "report[ing] substantially higher average revenue per customer ... than the usual subscription prices.". [3] Achaea's use of this model was compared to higher-profile releases such as Magic: The Gathering Online and Project Entropia [4] and has been highlighted by game developer Daniel James [3] and researcher Richard Bartle [5] as a possible solution for the problems other online games face involving commodification and interaction with real economy.

Reviews and reactions

Achaea has received generally positive reviews for both its mechanics and social complexities, including a review from Leo Laporte on the June 10[ citation needed ], 2004 episode of The Screen Savers on TechTV that was reported as favourable. [6]

The combat system includes "hundreds of different ways to attack an opponent", leading to a "complex array of strategies" [7] that is a "true test of skill". [8] The game's engine was adapted for use as the medium of an "e-summit" staged at the 7th Annual World Summit of Young Entrepreneurs with the United Nations. [9]

The role-playing and social aspects of the game have also led to Achaea being cited as an example of "political game design". [3] That political system, along with the game's dynamic events and "player narrative" are remarked on in Designing Virtual Worlds , Bartle's examination of the history of multiplayer online games. [10] Iron Realms Entertainment quotes id Software founder John Romero as saying he "doesn't believe there is a deeper game in existence".[ citation needed ]

Controversy

Nevertheless, some aspects of the game have met with criticism. The game's revenue system, in particular, has faced mixed opinions. Players playing for free "won't be able to advance as much as the person who has the funds" without a considerable time investment, which often sparks controversy between free players and those who paid for in-game bonuses [7] that can cost as much as 2500 credits, [11] the equivalent of $725 per item. [12] The IGDA acknowledges that the system requires "delicate issues of design balance". [4]

The 2004 introduction of gleam, an in-game addictive drug, created controversy, angering some players [13] and reviewers who felt it sent an inappropriate message about the consequences of real-world drug use. [14]

Related Research Articles

A multi-user dungeon, also known as a multi-user dimension or multi-user domain, is a multiplayer real-time virtual world, usually text-based or storyboarded. MUDs combine elements of role-playing games, hack and slash, player versus player, interactive fiction, and online chat. Players can read or view descriptions of rooms, objects, other players, and non-player characters, and perform actions in the virtual world that are typically also described. Players typically interact with each other and the world by typing commands that resemble a natural language, as well as using a character typically called an avatar.

A massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) is a video game that combines aspects of a role-playing video game and a massively multiplayer online game.

A virtual economy is an emergent economy existing in a virtual world, usually exchanging virtual goods in the context of an online game, particularly in massively multiplayer online games (MMOs). People enter these virtual economies for recreation and entertainment rather than necessity, which means that virtual economies lack the aspects of a real economy that are not considered to be "fun". However, some people do interact with virtual economies for "real" economic benefit.

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<i>BatMUD</i> 1990 video game

BatMUD is a medieval fantasy MUD, established in 1990. BatMUD is Finland-based and operated and owned by a non-profit organization, Balanced Alternative Techniques ry, officially registered 1994 in Helsinki, Finland.

DikuMUD is a multiplayer text-based role-playing game, which is a type of multi-user domain (MUD). It was written in 1990 and 1991 by Sebastian Hammer, Tom Madsen, Katja Nyboe, Michael Seifert, and Hans Henrik Stærfeldt at DIKU —the department of computer science at the University of Copenhagen in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Player versus player (PVP) is a type of multiplayer interactive conflict within a game between human players. This is often compared to player versus environment (PvE), in which the game itself controls its players' opponents. The terms are most often used in games where both activities exist, particularly MMORPGs, MUDs, and other role-playing video games, to distinguish between gamemodes. PvP can be broadly used to describe any game, or aspect of a game, where players compete against each other. PvP is often controversial when used in role-playing games. In most cases, there are vast differences in abilities between players. PvP can even encourage experienced players to immediately attack and kill inexperienced players. PvP is often referred to as player killing in the cases of games which contain, but do not focus on, such interaction.

Free-to-play video games are games that give players access to a significant portion of their content without paying or do not require paying to continue playing. Free-to-play is distinct from traditional commercial software, which requires a payment before using the game or service. It is also separate from freeware games, which are entirely costless. Free-to-play's model is sometimes derisively referred to as free-to-start due to not being entirely free. Free to play games have also been widely criticized as "pay-to-win"— that is, that players can generally pay to obtain competitive or power advantages over other players.

A persistent world or persistent state world (PSW) is a virtual world which, by the definition by Richard Bartle, "continues to exist and develop internally even when there are no people interacting with it". The first virtual worlds were text-based and often called MUDs, but the term is frequently used in relation to massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) and pervasive games. Examples of persistent worlds that exist in video games include Battle Dawn, EVE Online, and Realms of Trinity.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Bartle</span> British writer, professor and game researcher

Richard Allan Bartle FBCS FRSA is a British writer, professor and game researcher in the massively multiplayer online game industry. He co-created MUD1 in 1978, and is the author of the 2003 book Designing Virtual Worlds.

A mob, short for mobile or mobile object, is a computer-controlled non-player character (NPC) in a video game such as an MMORPG or MUD. Depending on context, every and any such character in a game may be considered to be a "mob", or usage of the term may be limited to hostile NPCs and/or NPCs vulnerable to attack.

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Matthew ("Matt") Mihaly is an American CEO/founder of Iron Realms Entertainment, a game designer, investor, executive, entrepreneur, and prominent member of the Burning Man community as creator and operator of the website Burn.Life. He is the founder and former CEO of Sparkplay Media, and COO of ZipZap Inc. He is known for pioneering the sale of virtual assets and virtual currency in online games, dating to the late 1990s. His MUD pseudonym is Sarapis.

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References

  1. 1 2 Mills, Mark (2020-04-15). "Achaea: the game where microtransactions cost hundreds of dollars". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Archived from the original on 2024-06-09. Retrieved 2024-06-09.
  2. ↑ Hrodey, Matt (October 25, 2019). "Meet the man who invented microtransactions years before Oblivion's horse armour". PCGamesN . Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 James, Daniel; et al. (2004). "2004 Persistent Worlds Whitepaper" (PDF). International Game Developers Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 4, 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-17.
  4. 1 2 Jarett, Alex; et al. (March 2003). "IGDA Online Games White Paper, 2nd edition" (PDF). International Game Developers Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 4, 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
  5. ↑ Bartle, Richard A. (April 2004). "Pitfalls of Virtual Property" (PDF). Themis Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-01-17. Retrieved 2007-01-17.
  6. ↑ Feris, Buck. "In Defense of Retro Gaming: A Discussion of Abstraction". Armchair Arcade. Archived from the original on 2 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-17.
  7. 1 2 Hardeman, Kurt (1999-08-30). "Achaea". MPOG. Archived from the original on 2000-08-18. Retrieved 2007-01-17.
  8. ↑ N., Stephen (2000-04-01). "Achaea, Dreams of Divine Lands". MPOG. Archived from the original on 2000-08-16. Retrieved 2007-01-07.
  9. ↑ Yap, Diana Michele (2000-09-28). "A Summit of Young Entrepreneurs". Wired. Archived from the original on 4 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
  10. ↑ Bartle, Richard (2003-07-15). Designing Virtual Worlds . New Riders. ISBN   0-13-101816-7.
  11. ↑ "Stat Altering Artefacts". Iron Realms Entertainment. 2007. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-28.
  12. ↑ "Achaea credits". Iron Realms Entertainment. 2005. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved 2007-09-28.
  13. ↑ Terdiman, Daneil (2004-05-25). "Virtual Dopers Crave High Scores". Wired. Archived from the original on 14 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
  14. ↑ Gibson, Jon M. (September 2004). "Just Say No to Gleam". Computer Gaming World. Archived from the original on 2006-11-09. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
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