Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Stiftung | |
Formation | January 1, 1968 |
---|---|
Founder | Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach |
Type | Nonprofit |
Purpose | Philanthropy |
Headquarters | Essen, Germany |
Key people | Ursula Gather (Managing Director) Volker Troche (Speaker of Executive Board) Michaela Muylkens |
Endowment | € 1.2 billion (2021) |
Website | www |
The Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation (German : Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung) is a major German philanthropic foundation, created by and named in honor of Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, former owner and head of the Krupp company [1] and a convicted war criminal. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
The Krupp company, officially known as Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp, was a major steelmaker and arms manufacturer that became a key supplier of weapons and materiel to the German government and the Wehrmacht during World War II. The "Krupp Law" ( Lex Krupp ), signed into law by Adolf Hitler in 1943, allowed Alfried Krupp to become sole proprietor of the company. [4] The Krupp company instituted slave labor at its factories [3] and by the end of World War II had forcibly employed as many as 100,000 individuals, including concentration camp inmates, foreign civilians and children. [2] A Krupp munitions factory (Weichsel Union Metallwerke) was constructed near the Auschwitz death camp to facilitate the employment of camp inmates. [7]
Beginning in 1947, a United States military tribunal tried Krupp and 11 co-defendants for war crimes and crimes against humanity, citing in particular the use of forced labor in their factories (the "Krupp trial"). On 31 July 1948, Krupp was convicted and sentenced to 12 years in prison. [3] After serving three years, he was pardoned [8] by John J. McCloy, the U.S. High Commissioner for Germany, and his properties were reinstated. [9]
In 1959, the Krupp company pledged to pay individual compensations of DM5,000 ($1,190) to 2,000 slave workers (2% of all the estimated 100,000 slave workers), totalling DM10,000,000 (US$2,380,000). Adjusted for inflation, this corresponds to approximately €23.7 million or US$27.1 million in 2022. [10] The company denied non-Jewish inmates of the concentration camps any claim to compensation. [11]
After Krupp's death in 1967, control of the Krupp company passed to the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation, a philanthropic organisation, at Krupp's behest. [12] Today, the foundation is the largest shareholder of the ThyssenKrupp industrial conglomerate (20.9% as of 2018) and largely controls the board of the company. The foundation is also tasked with preserving the "unity" of ThyssenKrupp. [13]
The foundation provides grants in the fields of health, athletics, education, science and culture. [14]
Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp, trading as Krupp, was the largest company in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century as well as Germany's premier weapons manufacturer during both world wars. From the Thirty Years' War to the end of World War II, it produced battleships, U-boats, tanks, howitzers, guns, utilities, and hundreds of other commodities. The company also produced steel used to build railroads in the United States and to cap the Chrysler Building.
Gustav Georg Friedrich Maria Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach was a German foreign service official who became chairman of the board of Friedrich Krupp AG, a heavy industry conglomerate, after his marriage to Bertha Krupp, who had inherited the company. He and his son Alfried would lead the company through two world wars, producing almost everything for the German war machine from U-boats, battleships, howitzers, trains, railway guns, machine guns, cars, tanks, and much more. Krupp produced the Tiger I tank, Big Bertha and the Paris Gun, among other inventions, under Gustav. Following World War II, plans to prosecute him as a war criminal at the 1945 Nuremberg Trials were dropped because by then he was bedridden, senile, and considered medically unfit for trial. The charges against him were held in abeyance in case he were found fit for trial.
ThyssenKrupp AG is a German industrial engineering and steel production multinational conglomerate. It resulted from the 1999 merger of Thyssen AG and Krupp and has its operational headquarters in Duisburg and Essen. The company says that it is one of the largest steel producers in the world, and it was ranked tenth-largest worldwide by revenue in 2015. It is divided into 670 subsidiaries worldwide. The largest shareholders are the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation and Cevian Capital. ThyssenKrupp's products range from machines and industrial services to high-speed trains, elevators, and shipbuilding. The subsidiary ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems also manufactures frigates, corvettes, and submarines for the German and foreign navies.
The United States of America vs. Alfried Krupp, et al., commonly known as the Krupp trial, was the tenth of twelve trials for war crimes that U.S. authorities held in their occupation zone at Nuremberg, Germany, after the end of World War II. It concerned the forced labor enterprises of the Krupp Group and other crimes committed by the company.
Alfried Felix Alwyn Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, often referred to as Alfried Krupp, was a German industrialist, a competitor in Olympic yacht races, contributor to the SS and a member of the Krupp family, which has been prominent in German industry since the early 19th century. He was convicted after World War II of crimes against humanity for the genocidal manner in which he operated his factories and sentenced to twelve years in prison, subsequently commuted to three years with time served in 1951.
Bernd Peter Pischetsrieder is a German automobile engineer and manager.
Bertha Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach was a member of the Krupp family, Germany's leading industrial dynasty of the 19th and 20th centuries. As the elder child and heir of Friedrich Alfred Krupp she was the sole proprietor of the Krupp industrial empire from 1902 to 1943, although her husband, Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, ran the company in her name. In 1943 ownership of the company was transferred to her son Alfried.
Bohlen is a surname shared by several notable people, among them being:
Arndt von Bohlen und Halbach was a German socialite and heir to the Krupp family. He was the only child of Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach and last heir to Krupp.
Heinrich Hiesinger is a German engineer and manager who served as the CEO of ThyssenKrupp from 2011 until 2018.
The Lex Krupp was a document signed into law on 12 November 1943 by Adolf Hitler that converted Friedrich Krupp AG into a partnership with specially regulated rules of succession in order to ensure that the Krupp family enterprise remain intact.
Thyssenkrupp Polysius GmbH is a global industrial company specializing in the manufacture and sale of plants and machinery for the cement and ore industry. In 2023, Thyssenkrupp Polysius GmbH was integrated into the newly created Decarbon Technologies segment of Thyssenkrupp AG.
Krupp can refer to:
Katja Windt is a researcher and professor of global production logistics who served as president of Jacobs University Bremen from 2014 until 2018.
Berthold Beitz was a German industrialist. He was the head of the Krupp steel conglomerate beginning in the 1950s. He was credited with helping to lead the re-industrialization of the Ruhr Valley and rebuilding Germany into an industrial power.
The Alfried Krupp Institute for Advanced Study in Greifswald is an institute for advanced study named after Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach. On 20 June 2000, this institute was founded by the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation, the German Land of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and the University of Greifswald. These three founders co-established and contributed to the Stiftung Alfried Krupp Kolleg Greifswald, which was entrusted with the task of establishing this Wissenschaftskolleg. The Krupp Foundation contributed the plot of land and the building on it, valued at €15.3m, while Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and the University of Greifswald contributed the operational funding that initially amounted to €4.1m.
Ursula Gather is a German statistician and academic administrator. From 2008 to 2020, she was rector of TU Dortmund University. Since 2013, Gather has been chairwoman of the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation.
Monika Aidelsburger is a German quantum physicist, Professor and Group Leader at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Her research considers quantum simulation and ultra cold atomic gases trapped in optical lattices. In 2021, she was awarded both the Alfried-Krupp-Förderpreis and Klung Wilhelmy Science Award.
The Krupp steelworks, or Krupp foundry, or Krupp cast steel factory in Essen is a historic industrial site of the Ruhr area of North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany that was known as the "weapons forge of the German Reich".
The Krupp family is a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, noted for its production of steel, artillery, ammunition and other armaments.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (link)