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Lepiota is a genus of gilled mushrooms in the family Agaricaceae. All Lepiota species are ground-dwelling saprotrophs with a preference for rich, calcareous soils. Basidiocarps are agaricoid with whitish spores, typically with scaly caps and a ring on the stipe. Around 400 species of Lepiota are currently recognized worldwide. Many species are poisonous, some lethally so.
The Agaricaceae are a family of basidiomycete fungi and include the genus Agaricus, as well as basidiomycetes previously classified in the families Tulostomataceae, Lepiotaceae, and Lycoperdaceae.
Agaricus is a genus of mushrooms containing both edible and poisonous species, with over 400 members worldwide and possibly again as many disputed or newly-discovered species. The genus includes the common ("button") mushroom and the field mushroom, the dominant cultivated mushrooms of the West.
Macrolepiota is a genus of white spored, gilled mushrooms of the family Agaricaceae. The best-known member is the parasol mushroom (M. procera). The widespread genus contains about 40 species.
Agaricus bernardii, commonly called the salt-loving mushroom, is an agaric fungus in the family Agaricaceae. A short, squat mushroom, the thick stem is usually less than the diameter of the cap, which ranges from 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in). Found in Asia, Europe, North America, New Zealand and Australia it is a salt-tolerant species that grows in salt marshes, dunes, and coastal grassland. The fungus produces fruit bodies (mushrooms) with convex to flattened caps up to 15 cm (5.9 in) in diameter, atop thick stems up to 10 cm (3.9 in) long. The cap surface is whitish to buff, and can develop scales or warts in age. Gills are initially pink before turning brown when the spores mature. The flesh turns reddish when it is cut or bruised. The mushroom somewhat resembles Agaricus bitorquis but it differs from that species by the reddish-brown staining of cap and stem tissue, the nature of the ring on the stem, as well as its briny odor. An edible mushroom, it is stronger in flavor but similar to the store-bought button mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus.
Crepidotus is a genus of fungi in the family Crepidotaceae. Species of Crepidotus all have small, convex to fan-shaped sessile caps and grow on wood or plant debris. The genus has been studied extensively, and monographs of the North American, European and Neotropical species have been published.
Agaricus lilaceps, also known as the cypress agaricus or the giant cypress agaricus is a species of mushroom. It is among the largest and most edible Agaricus species in California. Aside from size, Agaricus lilaceps is characterized by a robust stature, as the stipe often club-shaped.
Agaricus arorae is a moderate-sized, forest-dwelling mushroom that exhibits distinctive color changes. It fruits early in the mushroom season. Unusually within the genus Agaricus, the mushroom's cap cuticle turns yellow when exposed to a base such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide but stains red when cut. In the field, it has a brownish, fibrillose/squamulose cap, which turns red when bruised. Agaricus arorae was first described from Santa Cruz County but since has been found in San Mateo and Alameda counties. Agaricus arorae can be distinguished by its scales and a conspicuous stipe.
Agaricus columellatus is a species of secotioid fungus in the family Agaricaceae. The species was described by William Henry Long in 1941. The type collection was made in Arizona, where it was found growing singly on the ground in a grassy area in Mesquite-Catclaw flats. Originally described as the sole member of the monotypic genus Araneosa, in 2016 molecular genetic studies revealed its affinity to the genus Agaricus.
Endoptychum is a genus of secotioid fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Like the majority of secotioid taxa, the individual species of Endoptychum are thought to be recent mutations from agaricoid species, hence, Endoptychum is likely not a valid monophyletic genus.
Gyrophragmium is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus was circumscribed by French botanist Camille Montagne in 1843.
Hymenagaricus is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The widespread genus contains species found largely in tropical regions. Hymenagaricus was circumscribedby Belgian mycologist Paul Heinemann in 1981.
Micropsalliota is a genus of small agaric fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus contains about 60 species, most of which are found in tropical areas.
Rugosospora is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus contains two species: R. ochraceobadia, found in Africa, and R. pseudorubiginosa, found in Colombia and Mexico. These species have fruit bodies (mushrooms) with free gills, a white spore print, and a ring on the stipe. Rugosospora was circumscribed by Belgian mycologist Paul Heinemann in 1973.
Secotium is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The members of this genus are closely related to ordinary Agaricus mushrooms, but do not open out in the usual way; this has given rise to the term "secotioid" for such mushrooms in general. They are thought to form an evolutionary link between agarics and gasteroid fungi. Secotium is a widespread genus, with species that are predominantly found in warm and arid regions.
Agaricus deserticola, commonly known as the gasteroid agaricus, is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Found only in southwestern and western North America, A. deserticola is adapted for growth in dry or semi-arid habitats. The fruit bodies are secotioid, meaning the spores are not forcibly discharged, and the cap does not fully expand. Unlike other Agaricus species, A. deserticola does not develop true gills, but rather a convoluted and networked system of spore-producing tissue called a gleba. When the partial veil breaks or pulls away from the stem or the cap splits radially, the blackish-brown gleba is exposed, which allows the spores to be dispersed.
Paul Heinemann was a Belgian botanist and mycologist. Heinemann specialized in African mycology. In his long career, he published 435 names, including 2 families, 6 genera, 346 species, and 40 varieties. His collections of dried specimens, numbering about 7000, are preserved in the herbaria of the University Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Gembloux and of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium, in Meise. The fungal genus Heinemannomyces was named in his honor, as were the species Agaricus heinemannianus, Marasmius heinemannianus, and Peyritschiella heinemanniana.
Agaricus brunneofibrillosus is a mushroom in the family Agaricaceae. It has a medium to dark brown cap up to 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter with brownish fibrillose scales that darken in age. The tightly-packed gills are initially cream colored before becoming pinkish, lilac-gray, and finally brownish as the spores mature. The stout stem is enlarged to bulbous at the base which has one or more brown bands, and a white, membranous ring. The mushroom is edible, and has a pleasant odor similar to button mushrooms, and tastes similar to Agaricus bisporus when cooked.
Macrolepiota zeyheri is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. In the Kilendu dialect it is known as djilo and in the Kilur dialect it is called n'volo mighom.
References
- ↑ "Agaricus geesterani Bas & Heinem. 1986". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
- ↑ Nauta MM. (1998). "Allopsalliota, a new genus for Agaricus geesterani". Belgian Journal of Botany. 131 (2): 181–190.
- ↑ Bas C, Heinemann P. (1986). "Agaricus geesterani spec. nov., a very remarkable agaric discovered in the Netherlands". Persoonia. 13 (1): 113–121. JSTOR 43996261.
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