Andean lapwing

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Andean lapwing
Andean Lapwing (Vanellus resplendens) on the ground, side view.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Family: Charadriidae
Genus: Vanellus
Species:
V. resplendens
Binomial name
Vanellus resplendens
(Tschudi, 1843)
Vanellus resplendens map.svg
Synonyms
  • Charadrius resplendensTschudi, 1843
  • Ptiloscelys resplendens [2]

The Andean lapwing (Vanellus resplendens) is a species of bird in family Charadriidae, the plovers and their relatives. [3] It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. [4]

Contents

Taxonomy and systematics

The Andean lapwing was originally described as Charadrius resplendens and has sometimes been placed in genus Ptiloscelys. [2] It is monotypic. [3]

Description

The Andean lapwing is about 33 cm (13 in) long and weighs 193 to 230 g (6.8 to 8.1 oz). The sexes are alike and have no seasonal changes in plumage. Adults have a creamy gray head and neck with a dark brownish gray patch around the eye. Their upperparts are bronzy green with a purple patch on the wing coverts. Their breast is dark gray and their belly white. Their bill is pinkish orange with a black tip, their eye is reddish, and their legs are also reddish. Juveniles have a brownish head and neck, buff mottling on the breast, and pale buff fringes on the upperparts feathers. [5]

Distribution and habitat

The Andean lapwing is found in the Andes from southwestern Colombia south through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia into northern Chile and northwestern Argentina. It inhabits a variety of open landscapes including páramo and puna , shore meadows, and open parts of marshes. It is usually found near lakes or rivers but shuns saline waters. In general it ranges between 2,700 and 4,600 m (8,900 and 15,100 ft) of elevation but is found as high as 5,000 m (16,000 ft) in Chile and as low as 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in the southern parts of its range. It occasionally reaches the coast during the austral winter. [5]

Behavior

Movement

The Andean lapwing is essentially resident in most of its range but moves to lower elevations during the austral winter. [5]

Feeding

Nothing is known about the Andean lapwing's foraging techniques or its diet. [5]

Breeding

The Andean lapwing's breeding season is mostly between October and December though occasionally it may extend to February. One nest was a depression in the ground lined with plant material including lichens. The clutch size is three or four. The incubation period and time to fledging are not known. [5]

Vocalization

Like most lapwings, the Andean is noisy. "[U]sually heard are a sharp 'wik' in alarm, a harsh 'criee-criee-cri' call, a staccato 'cwi-cwi-cwi...' or more mellow and melodic 'dididi---celeec-celeec-celeec-ce...'." It also makes "a soft querulous 'cow' note...or a low, tremulous 'kwiwiwiwirrr'." [5]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the Andean lapwing as being of Least Concern. It has a large range, and its estimated population of under 6700 mature individuals is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] "Occupation of bleak high-altitude habitats with relatively low densities of humans suggests [that the] species is probably secure at present." [5]

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References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2016). "Vanellus resplendens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22694078A93437324. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22694078A93437324.en . Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  2. 1 2 Remsen, J. V., Jr.; J. I. Areta; E. Bonaccorso; S. Claramunt; A. Jaramillo; D. F. Lane; J. F. Pacheco; M. B. Robbins; F. G. Stiles; and K. J. Zimmer (24 July 2022). "A classification of the bird species of South America". American Ornithological Society.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. 1 2 Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (May 2024). "Buttonquail, thick-knees, sheathbills, plovers, oystercatchers, stilts, painted-snipes, jacanas, Plains-wanderer, seedsnipes". IOC World Bird List. v14.1. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  4. Remsen, J. V., Jr.; J. I. Areta; E. Bonaccorso; S. Claramunt; A. Jaramillo; D. F. Lane; J. F. Pacheco; M. B. Robbins; F. G. Stiles; and K. J. Zimmer (24 July 2022). "Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wiersma, P. & G. M. Kirwan (2020). "Andean Lapwing (Vanellus resplendens)". 1.0. doi:10.2173/bow.andlap1.01 . Retrieved 5 December 2022.