Andrea Jenkyns

Last updated

Jack Lopresti
​
​
(m. 2017,divorced)​
Dame Andrea Jenkyns
DBE
Official portrait of Mrs Andrea Jenkyns MP crop 2.jpg
Official portrait, 2020
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Skills [lower-alpha 1]
In office
9 July 2022 –27 October 2022
Children1
Residence(s) Gildersome, West Yorkshire, England
London, England
Alma mater University of Lincoln
Open University
Website Official website

Dame Andrea Marie Jenkyns DBE (born 16 June 1974) is a British politician who served as Deputy Chairwoman of the European Research Group (ERG) from 2019 to 2024.

Contents

She was first elected as the Conservative Member of Parliament for Morley and Outwood in West Yorkshire at the 2015 general election, defeating Shadow Chancellor Ed Balls. [2] [3] She was an advocate for the Eurosceptic organisation Leave Means Leave. [4] She was a strong critic of Theresa May during her leadership of the Conservative Party due to her handling of Brexit. [5] Jenkyns served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Skills from July to October 2022, when she was sacked by new Prime Minister Rishi Sunak.

Early life and career

Andrea Jenkyns was born in Beverley, Humberside. After leaving school at 16, she worked at the Greggs bakery. [6] When she was 18, Jenkyns' father sent her photo off to a beauty pageant, and she eventually reached the final of Miss UK. [7] In her late thirties, Jenkyns studied for a degree in Economics from the Open University and for one in International Relations from the University of Lincoln. [8]

Jenkyns is a former member of Lincolnshire County Council for Boston North West.

Parliamentary career

Following an open primary in 2013, Jenkyns was selected to contest the Morley and Outwood parliamentary seat as the Conservative candidate. [9] In the 2015 general election, she was elected with a slim majority of 422 votes, unseating Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer Ed Balls in the process. [9] [10] From July 2015, she sat on the Health Select Committee.

Jenkyns supported Brexit in the 2016 EU membership referendum [11] and was a member of the Exiting the European Union Select Committee from 2016 to 2019. [12] Jenkyns stated that she was willing to vote against the government if it brought forward to the House of Commons the Chequers plan on Brexit. [13]

In the 2017 general election, Jenkyns increased her vote share by 11.8%, though only increased her majority to 2,104 as Labour's vote share also increased. Both were helped by the lack of a UKIP candidate in her constituency. [14]

Jenkyns is a Trustee and the voluntary Regional Representative for the charity MRSA Action UK, having joined following the death of her father from MRSA. [15] [8]

In May 2018, Jenkyns quit her role as a PPS in the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government in order to focus on fighting for Brexit. [16]

In July 2018, after David Davis resigned from the Cabinet, Jenkyns called for the Prime Minister Theresa May to be replaced, saying: "Theresa May's premiership is over." [17] [18] She called on the Prime Minister to return to her Lancaster House speech, stating "Prime Ministers keep their jobs when they keep their promises". [19]

She submitted a formal letter to the 1922 Committee requesting a vote of no confidence in Theresa May as leader of the Conservative Party; at that time letters from 48 MPs were required to trigger a vote of no confidence. [20] Following this, Iain Dale put her on his annual Top 100 Most Influential Conservatives of 2018 List. [21]

In May 2019, Jenkyns received media attention for her appearance on the BBC's Politics Live show, as she was unable to name any countries that trade solely with the EU using World Trade Organization (WTO) terms. [22]

In 2019, Jenkyns received a campaign donation declared at £2,000 from the Brexit advocate and Leave.EU funder Arron Banks. [23] Banks was barred from membership of the Conservative Party at the time, on the grounds that he had advocated entryism. [23] Jenkyns has received a number of death threats, largely as a result of her stance on Brexit. [24] In October 2019 she discovered graffiti on the wall of her office calling for her to kill herself. [24] In the summer of 2019, a person was taken to court for threatening to "rip" her face off. [24] In 2018, she received a threatening and sexually explicit email calling for her to be cut with barbed wire and die. [24]

Jenkyns is opposed to Britain's sugary drink tax, arguing instead for "better education, better labelling [and] parental responsibility". [25]

Jenkyns held her seat at the 2019 general election with an increased majority of 11,267. [10] Jenkyns claimed to have experienced a considerable amount of abuse and intimidation during the campaign. [26] After the election, she was elected Vice-Chair of the European Research Group, replacing Steve Baker, who became the Chair. [27]

In February 2020, Jenkyns defended her decision to provide a character reference for the court case of a Conservative Party activist who made violent threats to Labour MP Yvette Cooper and was subsequently jailed for nine weeks. The statement described the activist as a "decent and honest person whose heart is in the right place". Jenkyns said that the activist had mental health issues and she wanted his emotional and mental well-being to be taken into consideration as part of the judicial process. [28]

On 17 September 2021, Jenkyns was appointed an Assistant Government Whip in the second cabinet reshuffle of the second Johnson ministry. [29]

In July 2022, Jenkyns was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Education. [30] On the way to attending Boris Johnson's resignation speech in Downing Street, Jenkyns was filmed making a "middle finger" gesture at protesters. [31] Jenkyns said she made the gesture after being provoked by a "baying mob", stating she had received "huge amounts of abuse from some of the people who were there over the years". She said she should have shown more composure "but is only human". Her gesture was criticised by teaching representatives and by Conservative MPs Mark Spencer and George Freeman. [32] On 12 July 2022, her portfolio was confirmed as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Skills, Further and Higher Education. She was reappointed by Liz Truss, [33] but left her role when Rishi Sunak replaced Truss as Prime Minister fifty days later. [34]

Following the November 2023 British cabinet reshuffle, Jenkyns submitted a public letter of no confidence in Sunak. [35]

Jenkyns lost her seat in parliament in the general election of 4 July 2024, gaining 9,258 votes compared to Labour's Mark Sewards with 17,681.

Personal life

Jenkyns receiving her DBE in 2023 AndreaJenkynsDBEMP.jpg
Jenkyns receiving her DBE in 2023

Jenkyns lives in Gildersome, West Yorkshire and London; the latter for her Parliamentary duties where she lived with her ex-husband, fellow Conservative MP Jack Lopresti, and her son, [36] who was born in 2017 and named after her late father.

She married Lopresti, the MP for Filton and Bradley Stoke in Bristol, in St Mary Undercroft in the Palace of Westminster on 22 December 2017, [37] two years after it had been reported that she was in a relationship with him while he was still married to his first wife. [38] [39]

In March 2024, Jenkyns revealed to GB News that she had been targeted with abusive emails, with the most recent threatening her six-year old son. The police have been advising her on improved security and are investigating the source of the anonymous communication. [40]

In April 2024, she announced via Twitter that she and Lopresti had divorced. [41]

Jenkyns suffers from fibromyalgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia which cause bouts of debilitating pain. [42]

Jenkyns is a vegetarian and supports improvement of animal rights. She also supports keeping the ban on fox hunting. [8] In 2015, her dogs Lady and Godiva won top prize in the Westminster Dog of the Year show. [43]

Jenkyns is also an amateur soprano singer. [44]

Honours

Jenkyns was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 9 June 2023 as part of the 2022 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours. [45] [46]

Notes

  1. ↑ Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Skills, Further and Higher Education July to September 2022.
  2. ↑ As Minister of State for Higher and Further Education. She assumed responsibilities for Skills from Alex Burghart. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theresa May</span> Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2019

Theresa Mary, Lady May is a British retired politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2016 to 2019. She previously served as Home Secretary from 2010 to 2016. She was Member of Parliament (MP) for Maidenhead from 1997 to 2024. May is the second female UK prime minister, after Margaret Thatcher, and the first woman to hold two of the Great Offices of State. Ideologically, May is a one-nation conservative.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Margot James</span> British Conservative politician

Margot Cathleen James is a British politician who served as Minister of State for Digital and Creative Industries from 2018 to 2019. She was Member of Parliament (MP) for Stourbridge from 2010 to 2019. Elected as a Conservative, she had the whip removed in September 2019 and, after having the whip restored, stood down as an MP prior to the upcoming general election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anna Soubry</span> British independent former politician

Anna Mary Soubry is a British barrister, journalist and former politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Broxtowe from 2010 to 2019. Known for her support of pro-European policies, she was originally elected as a Conservative but left the party to join Change UK in 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anne Marie Morris</span> British Conservative politician

Anne Marie Morris is a former British Conservative politician and lawyer, who represented Newton Abbot as a Member of Parliament (MP) between May 2010 and May 2024. During her 14 year term in office, she twice lost the party whip for a period of nine months between July and December 2017, and then again between January and May 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrew Bridgen</span> British politician (born 1964)

Andrew James Bridgen is a British politician and businessman who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for North West Leicestershire from 2010 until 2024. He was a member of the Conservative Party until his expulsion in April 2023, having had the whip suspended in January after criticising the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and claiming that an Israeli cardiologist told him it constitutes "the biggest crime against humanity since the Holocaust". He joined the Reclaim Party in May 2023 but resigned from the party in December 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jack Lopresti</span> British Conservative politician

Giacomo "Jack" Lopresti is a British Conservative Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Filton and Bradley Stoke from the 2010 general election until 2024. Lopresti was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party in February 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steve Baker (politician)</span> Politician (born 1971)

Steven John Baker is a British former politician who served as Minister of State for Northern Ireland between 2022 and 2024. He is a former Royal Air Force engineer, consultant and banker. A member of the Conservative Party, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wycombe in Buckinghamshire from 2010 to 2024. Baker was the chair of the European Research Group (ERG) from 2016 to 2017 and from 2019 to 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrea Leadsom</span> British politician

Dame Andrea Jacqueline Leadsom is a British former politician who served in various ministerial positions under Prime Ministers David Cameron, Theresa May, Boris Johnson and Rishi Sunak between 2014 and 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, she was the Member of Parliament (MP) for South Northamptonshire from 2010 to 2024. Leadsom previously served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs from 2016 to 2017, Leader of the House of Commons from 2017 to 2019 and Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy from 2019 to 2020. She has twice run to become Leader of the Conservative Party, in 2016 and 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 United Kingdom general election</span>

The 2017 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 8 June 2017, two years after the previous general election in 2015; it was the first since 1992 to be held on a day that did not coincide with any local elections. The governing Conservative Party led by the prime minister Theresa May remained the largest single party in the House of Commons but lost its small overall majority, resulting in the formation of a Conservative minority government with a confidence and supply agreement with the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) of Northern Ireland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Helen Whately</span> British politician (born 1976)

Helen Olivia Bicknell Whately is a British politician who served as Minister of State for Social Care from October 2022 to July 2024, and previously from 2020 to 2021. She also served as Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury from 2021 to 2022. A member of the Conservative Party, she has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Faversham and Mid Kent since 2015 and Shadow Secretary of State for Transport since July 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wendy Morton</span> British politician (born 1967)

Wendy Morton is a British politician who served as Chief Whip of the House of Commons and Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury from September to October 2022. A member of the Conservative Party, she has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Aldridge-Brownhills since 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amanda Milling</span> British politician (born 1975)

Dame Amanda Anne Milling is a British politician serving as Member of Parliament (MP) for Cannock Chase from the 2015 general election until losing her seat in 2024. She served as Minister without Portfolio in the UK cabinet and, alongside Ben Elliot, as Co-Chairman of the Conservative Party from February 2020 to September 2021. She also served as Minister of State for Asia and the Middle East from September 2021 to September 2022. She previously worked in market research.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anne-Marie Trevelyan</span> British politician (born 1969)

Anne-Marie Belinda Trevelyan is a British politician who served as Minister of State for Indo-Pacific under Rishi Sunak between October 2022 to July 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, she was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Berwick-upon-Tweed from 2015 until 2024. She previously served in the Cabinets of Boris Johnson and Liz Truss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heidi Allen</span> British politician (born 1975)

Heidi Suzanne Allen is a British businesswoman and former politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for South Cambridgeshire from 2015 to 2019. Initially elected as a Conservative, she resigned from the party in February 2019, joining and later serving as acting leader of Change UK. She resigned from Change UK in June of the same year, and joined the Liberal Democrats in October 2019. She announced on 29 October of that year that she would not stand for re-election at the next general election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Conservative Party leadership election</span> British Conservative Party leadership election to succeed David Cameron

The 2016 Conservative Party leadership election was held due to Prime Minister David Cameron's resignation as party leader. He had resigned after losing the national referendum to leave the European Union. Cameron, who supported Britain's continued membership of the EU, announced his resignation on 24 June, saying that he would step down by October. Theresa May won the contest on 11 July 2016, after the withdrawal of Andrea Leadsom left her as the sole candidate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kemi Badenoch</span> British politician (born 1980)

Olukemi Olufunto "Kemi" Badenoch is a British politician who has served as Shadow Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities since 2024 and was Secretary of State for Business and Trade from 2023 to 2024. She was also President of the Board of Trade and Minister for Women and Equalities from 2022 to 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, she served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Saffron Walden in Essex from 2017 to 2024. In the 2024 general election, she was elected to the new seat of North West Essex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Premiership of Theresa May</span> Period of the Government of the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2019

Theresa May's tenure as prime minister of the United Kingdom began on 13 July 2016 when she accepted an invitation from Queen Elizabeth II to form a government after the resignation of her predecessor David Cameron in the aftermath of the European Union (EU) membership referendum, and ended upon her resignation on 24 July 2019. May's premiership was dominated by Brexit, terrorist attacks in Westminster, the Manchester Arena and London Bridge, the Grenfell Tower fire, and the Salisbury poisonings. As prime minister, May served simultaneously as First Lord of the Treasury and as Minister for the Civil Service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Conservative Party leadership election</span> British Conservative Party leadership election to succeed Theresa May

The 2019 Conservative Party leadership election was triggered when Theresa May announced on 24 May 2019 that she would resign as leader of the Conservative Party on 7 June and as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom once a successor had been elected. Nominations opened on 10 June; 10 candidates were nominated. The first ballot of members of Parliament (MPs) took place on 13 June, with exhaustive ballots of MPs also taking place on 18, 19 and 20 June, reducing the candidates to two. The general membership of the party elected the leader by postal ballot; the result was announced on 23 July, with Boris Johnson being elected with almost twice as many votes as his opponent Jeremy Hunt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">European Research Group</span> Eurosceptic faction within UK Conservative Party

The European Research Group (ERG) is a research support group and caucus of Eurosceptic Conservative Members of Parliament of the United Kingdom. The journalist Sebastian Payne described it in the Financial Times as "the most influential [research group] in recent political history".

This is a list of endorsements for declared candidates for the 2019 leadership election for the Conservative Party of the United Kingdom.

References

  1. ↑ "Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Minister for Skills) – GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  2. ↑ "Elections 2015 – Morley & Outwood". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  3. ↑ "Andrea Jenkyns: About the woman who toppled Ed Balls". ITV News . 8 May 2015. Archived from the original on 10 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  4. ↑ "Co-Chairmen – Political Advisory Board – Supporters". Leave Means Leave. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
  5. ↑ "Andrea Jenkyns is a long-standing critic of the prime minister". Sky News. 8 May 2019. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  6. ↑ "About Andrea". Personal website. Archived from the original on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  7. ↑ Scott, Caroline (20 March 2016). "Relative Values: Andrea Jenkyns, Tory MP, and her mum, Valerie" . TheTimes. Archived from the original on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  8. 1 2 3 Whale, Sebastian (29 May 2015). "Andrea Jenkyns: 'There's not much that really floors me'". Totalpolitics.com. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  9. 1 2 Bloom, Dan (8 May 2015). "Andrea Jenkyns ousts Ed Balls: Everything you need to know about Tory who defeated Labour giant". Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on 10 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  10. 1 2 "Morley & Outwood parliamentary constituency – Election 2019". Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  11. ↑ "Which Tory MPs back Brexit, who doesn't and who is still on the fence?". Blogs.spectator.co.uk. 16 February 2016. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  12. ↑ "Michael Gove lands key role overseeing Brexit". Sky News. 26 October 2016. Archived from the original on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  13. ↑ "Inside the meeting of Tory MPs planning to bring down Theresa May's Brexit plan". Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  14. ↑ "Labour gain in Leeds as student vote and 'Corbyn effect' topples long serving Lib Dem". Yorkshire Evening Post. 9 June 2017. Archived from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
  15. ↑ "Andrea Jenkyns". Morley and Outwood Website. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  16. ↑ "Aide quits government 'to fight for Brexit'". BBC News. 25 May 2018. Archived from the original on 7 June 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
  17. ↑ "Top Brexit Officials Resign in Blow to Theresa May". New York Daily Intelligencer. 9 July 2017. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  18. ↑ "May to fight any leadership challenge after resignations". Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTE). 9 July 2017. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  19. ↑ "May urged to 'chuck Chequers' by Tory Brexiteers". Shropshire Star. Archived from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  20. ↑ McCann, Kate (13 July 2018). "Conservative MPs asked to withdraw letters demanding a vote of confidence in Theresa May". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  21. ↑ "The Top 100 Most Influential Conservatives of 2018". Iaindale.com. October 2018. Archived from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  22. ↑ "Brexiteer Andrea Jenkyns unable to name countries that trade solely with EU on WTO rules". inews.co.uk. 21 May 2019. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  23. 1 2 "Arron Banks donated £2,000 to Tory Andrea Jenkyns's campaign". The Guardian. 5 February 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  24. 1 2 3 4 "Andrea Jenkyns MP told to 'just kill herself' in office graffiti". Wakefield Express. 4 October 2019. Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  25. ↑ "Two Yorkshire MPs hit out at the 'nanny state' they say is stripping away individual choice and responsibility". Yorkshire Post. 2 October 2019. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  26. ↑ Criddle, Cristina; Ktena, Natalie; Close, Emma (21 December 2019). "'Abuse on the campaign trail doesn't shock me any more'". Archived from the original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  27. ↑ "Andrea Jenkyns made second in command of influential European Research Group". Yorkshire Post. Archived from the original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  28. ↑ Duffy, Nick (7 February 2020). "Tory MP Andrea Jenkyns defends giving character reference to activist jailed for violent Brexit threats". inews. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  29. ↑ "Ministerial appointments: September 2021". 16 September 2021. Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  30. ↑ "Andrea Jenkyns: Minister says she raised her middle finger because of a 'baying mob'". BBC News. 9 July 2022.
  31. ↑ "Tory MP who gave Boris protesters the middle finger is made education minister". The National. 8 July 2022. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  32. ↑ "Tory MP says she made rude gesture after being provoked by 'baying mob'". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  33. ↑ "Ministerial Appointments: September 2022". GOV.UK. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  34. ↑ "Andrea Jenkyns MP". gov.uk. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  35. ↑ Cowburn, Ashley (13 November 2023). "Rishi Sunak faces revolt as Tory MP delivers brutal warning in letter of no confidence". The Mirror. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  36. ↑ "About Andrea". Personal website. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  37. ↑ "Brexit baby brings the Commons together in laughter". ITV News. 29 March 2017. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  38. ↑ "Bristol MP Jack Lopresti having affair with Tory colleague, Conservative party confirms". ITV News. 21 December 2015. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  39. ↑ "Tory MPs admit to relationship after photo shows them canoodling at train station". Daily Telegraph. 21 December 2015. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
  40. ↑ "Dame Andrea Jenkyns MP stands up against threats against her children | 'They WON'T silence me!'". YouTube . 5 March 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  41. ↑ @AndreaJenkins (16 April 2024). "This is complete rubbish, and there is nothing to see here, I am divorced!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  42. ↑ Singh, Arj (16 June 2018). "Tory MP Andrea Jenkyns 'cannot remember a day without pain' in 15 years". Yorkshire Post. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  43. ↑ Bloom, Dan (29 October 2015). "The Tories have triumphed in a public vote – at this adorable dog contest". Mirror.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  44. ↑ Wilkinson, Michael (29 December 2015). "Tory MP Andrea Jenkyns, who admitted she is dating married MP, releases charity music single". The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  45. ↑ "Resignation Honours 2023" (PDF). GOV.UK. 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  46. ↑ "No. 64120". The London Gazette (Supplement). 21 July 2023. p. 14503.
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament
for Morley and Outwood
2015–present		Incumbent
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.