Anguispira cumberlandiana

Last updated

Anguispira cumberlandiana
A.cumberlandiana mature crop.jpg
A mature Cumberland tigersnail found in Tennessee
Status TNC G3.svg
Vulnerable  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Stylommatophora
Family: Discidae
Genus: Anguispira
Species:
A. cumberlandiana
Binomial name
Anguispira cumberlandiana
(I. Lea, 1840) [2]
Synonyms

Carocolla cumberlandiana(Lea, 1840)

Anguispira cumberlandiana, also known as the Cumberland tigersnail or the Cumberland disc, is a range-restricted species of pulmonate land snail in the family Discidae, the disk snails. The species is named after the Cumberland Plateau, a section of the Appalachian Plateau that overlaps with its range.

Contents

Physical appearance

The Cumberland tigersnail possesses a thin lens-shaped shell, roughly 13-18 mm (0.51-0.71 in) in diameter and 5-6 mm (0.2-0.24 in) in height. [3] The umbilicus is broad and deep. The shell is deeply striated with a sharply protruding, serrated carina. The embryonic whorls are smooth. [4] The base of the shell is typically pale olive or tan in color, with irregular, radiating chestnut to dark brown stripes and oblique radial streaks. The body is light or dark gray with a reddish foot. [4] The species is visually similar to Anguispira alabama .

Ecology

A limestone outcrop where A. cumberlandiana was found A cumberlandiana habitat.png
A limestone outcrop where A. cumberlandiana was found

The Cumberland tigersnail is found along in a few counties in southeastern Tennessee and northeastern Alabama along the southern edge of the Cumberland Plateau. [5] Though some previous reports claim that Cumberland tigernsail individuals were found in Pennsylvania, they are now believed to be incorrect. [6] The species is listed as vulnerable in Tennessee and critically imperiled in Alabama. [7] It is possible that the Cumberland tigersnail occupies an area larger than its currently discovered range. However its specific habitat requirements and tendency to exist in elusive, distinct populations– sometimes hundreds of kilometers of apart– make estimating population size and distribution difficult. [8]

Like many other members of the genus Anguispira , the Cumberland tigersnail is a limestone specialist (calciphile). [8] They are most commonly found on or around hillside limestone outcrops near rivers or streams in hardwood forests. Its thin shell allows it to burrow into crevices in limestone boulders where it retreats in order to shelter from the elements and hibernate. Due to their reliance on limestone for suitable habitat, limestone mining on the Cumberland Plateau likely has negative impacts on the species' survival.

Related Research Articles

<i>Powelliphanta</i> Genus of gastropods

Powelliphanta is a genus of large, air-breathing land snails, pulmonate gastropods in the family Rhytididae, found only in New Zealand. They are carnivorous, eating invertebrates, mostly native earthworms. Often restricted to very small areas of moist forest, they are prey to introduced mammalian predators, and many species are threatened or endangered.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Painted snake-coiled forest snail</span> Species of gastropod

Anguispira picta, common names painted snake-coiled forest snail and painted tigersnail, is a rare species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Discidae, the disc snails. It is a limestone specialist, and is limited to outcrops with suitable mineralogy.

<i>Anguispira</i> Genus of gastropods

Anguispira, the tigersnails, is a genus of small pulmonate land snails in the family Discidae endemic to North America. Snails in this genus are defined by their striped shells. Anguispira species are either habitat generalists like A. alternata or limestone specialists like A. cumberlandiana.

<i>Beddomeia hallae</i> Species of gastropod

Beddomeia hallae, also known as Buttons Rivulet hydrobiid snail, is a species of small freshwater snail that is endemic to Australia. The species is an aquatic operculate gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae. Beddomeia hallae belongs to the genus Beddomeia, which is the largest group in the family Hydrobiidae, consisting of 47 species. In the Threatened Species Protection Act 1995, this species is one of the 37 Beddomeia species listed as endangered, however, on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, the species is listed as vulnerable. Found in Tasmania, in the streams of Buttons Rivulet and Castra Rivulet, Beddomeia hallae is sighted in its natural habitat amongst wood, leaves and under stones. Nonetheless, the Beddomeia species including Beddomeia hallae are geographically isolated, existing within restricted ranges.

Beddomeia minima is a population of freshwater snails that are endemic to Australia. It is commonly classified as a hydrobiid snail. This population was listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List in 2011 due to its distribution being restricted to a single location and range of possible threats present in Tasmania. Beddomeia minima is one of a few fresh water snail species belonging to the same genus Beddomeia that survive in Tasmania, Australia, specifically a single location in the Scottsdale area.

<i>Croton alabamensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Croton alabamensis, known as Alabama croton, is a rare species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, that is endemic to Texas and Alabama in the Southeastern United States. It has two varieties whose ranges are separated by more than 1000 km: Croton alabamensis var. alabamensis is found in two central Alabama counties, while Croton alabamensis var. texensis is found in three counties in Texas.

<i>Anguispira alternata</i> Species of land snail

Anguispira alternata, also known as the flamed disc or flamed tigersnail, is a species of pulmonate land snail in the family Discidae, the disk snails. It is the most common and widespread member of the Anguispira genus, and one of the more common land snail species in North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sherwood, Tennessee</span> Unincorporated community in Tennessee, United States

Sherwood is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, Tennessee, United States. It is located along Tennessee State Route 56 13.1 miles (21.1 km) southeast of Winchester, and just north of the Alabama state line. Sherwood has a post office with ZIP code 37376.

<i>Anguispira kochi</i> Species of gastropod

Anguispira kochi, the banded tigersnail, is a species of pulmonate terrestrial gastropod belonging to the family Discidae, the disk snails. There are two recognized subspecies: Anguispira kochi kochi or the eastern banded tigersnail, and Anguispira kochi occidentalis, the western banded tigersnail.

Anguispira alabama, also known as the Alabama tigersnail or Alabama disc, is a rare, range-restricted species of pulmonate land snail found in Alabama and Tennessee. Due to its rarity and the difficulty of locating new populations, the species is listed as vulnerable in both states.

Anguispira stihleri, also known as the Greenbrier tigersnail, is a rare, range-restricted species of pulmonate land snail endemic to Greenbrier County, West Virginia. It was first discovered in 1993 by biologist Craig Stilher, for whom it is named.

<i>Anguispira jessica</i> Species of land snail

Anguispira jessica, also known as the mountain tigersnail or mountain disc, is a species of pulmonate land snail– a gastropod mollusk in the family Discidae, the disk snails. The species is named after G.M. Kutchka's wife Jessica; he was the first to describe the species in 1938. It was originally considered a subspecies of Angusipira alternata, but has since been elevated to species status.

<i>Anguispira fergusoni</i> Species of land snail

Anguispira fergusoni, also known as the coastal plain tigersnail or coastal plain disk, is a species of pulmonate land snail in the family Discidae, the disk snails. It is found in multiple states along the east coast of the United States.

Anguispira nimapuna, also known as the nimapuna or nimapu tigersnail, is a rare, range-restricted species of pulmonate land snail endemic to north-central Idaho. The species is listed as critically endangered in the United States.

Anguispira knoxensis, also known as the rustic tigersnail or rustic disk, is a rare species of pulmonate land snail in the family Discidae, the disk snails. It is endemic to the Great Smoky Mountains in southeastern Tennessee. It was originally considered a subspecies of Anguispira alternata.

Anguispira macneilli, also known as the Tombigbee tigersnail, is a species of pulmonate land snail in the family Discidae, the disk snails. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of Anguispira alternata.

<i>Anguispira mordax</i> Species of land snail

Anguispira mordax, also known as the Appalachian tigersnail, is a species of pulmonate land snail in the family Discidae endemic to the southeastern United States. It is named after the Appalachian mountain range.

<i>Anguispira strongylodes</i> Species of land snail

Anguispira strongylodes, also known as the southeastern tigersnail, is a species of pulmonate land snail in the family Discidae, the disk snails.

Anguispira rugoderma, also known as the Pine Mountain tigersnail, is a rare, narrow-ranged species of pulmonate land snail in the family Discidae, the disk snails. It is named after the Pine Mounatin ridge, a section of the Appalachian Mountains that overlaps with the snail's range.

Anguispira holroydensis was a species of pulmonate land snail in the family Discidae, the disk snails. The species is only known from fossilized specimens. It was first described by Loris S. Russell in 1956.

References

  1. NatureServe (6 October 2023). "Anguispira cumberlandiana". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  2. Lea, I. (August - October 1840). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society1(13): 284-289.
  3. Tryon, G. W. (1866). Monograph of the terrestrial Mollusca of the United States. American Journal of Conchology. 2(3): 218-279.
  4. 1 2 Pilsbry, Henry Augustus (1948). Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. 2, Part 2. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
  5. Hubricht, Leslie (1985). The distributions of the native land mollusks of the Eastern United States. Field Museum of Natural History.
  6. Hotopp, K. 2003. Uncommon Pennsylvania land snails: supporting citations for state ranking. Unpublished report submitted to the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 40 pp.
  7. "Anguispira cumberlandiana". Natureserve Explorer. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
  8. 1 2 Haskell, David G.; Pan, Jia W. (2013-02-20). "Phylogenetic analysis of threatened and range-restricted limestone specialists in the land snail genus Anguispira". Conservation Genetics. 14 (3): 671–682. doi:10.1007/s10592-013-0460-4. ISSN   1566-0621.