| Anodonthyla | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Anodonthyla boulengerii | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Microhylidae |
| Subfamily: | Cophylinae |
| Genus: | Anodonthyla Müller, 1892 |
| Type species | |
| Anodonthyla boulengerii Müller, 1892 | |
| Species | |
12 species (see text) | |
Anodonthyla is a genus of microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar. [1] [2] Molecular data suggest that it is the sister taxon to all other species in the subfamily Cophylinae. [1]
The genus contains twelve recognized species: [1] [2]
| Binomial Name and Author | Common Name |
|---|---|
| Anodonthyla boulengerii Müller, 1892 | Boulenger's climbing frog |
| Anodonthyla emilei Vences, Glaw, Köhler, and Wollenberg, 2010 | |
| Anodonthyla eximia Scherz, Hutter, Rakotoarison, Riemann, Rödel, Ndriantsoa, Glos, Roberts, Crottini, Vences, and Glaw, 2019 | |
| Anodonthyla hutchisoni Fenolio, Walvoord, Stout, Randrianirina, & Andreone, 2007 | |
| Anodonthyla jeanbai Vences, Glaw, Köhler, and Wollenberg, 2010 | |
| Anodonthyla montana Angel, 1925 | Mountain climbing frog |
| Anodonthyla moramora Glaw & Vences, 2005 | |
| Anodonthyla nigrigularis Glaw & Vences, 1992 | Black-throated climbing frog |
| Anodonthyla pollicaris (Boettger, 1913) | |
| Anodonthyla rouxae Guibé, 1974 | Madagascar climbing frog |
| Anodonthyla theoi Vences, Glaw, Köhler, and Wollenberg, 2010 | |
| Anodonthyla vallani Vences, Glaw, Köhler, and Wollenberg, 2010 |
One of the most obvious morphological synapomorphies of the genus is the presence, in males only, of a large prepollex that runs along the first finger and generally is closely connected to the first finger over most of its length. Correlated to this character, in males and females, the first finger is very short compared to other cophylines. [3] This is true even of the extremely miniaturised species Anodonthyla eximia described in 2019. [4]
The Microhylidae, commonly known as narrow-mouthed frogs, are a geographically widespread family of frogs. The 683 species are in 57 genera and 11 subfamilies.
Cophylinae is a subfamily of microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar. It has over 100 species in eight genera. Members of this subfamily range from minute to fairly large, and they are highly ecologically diverse. DNA barcode research has revealed a significant taxonomic gap in this subfamily, and an estimated 70+ candidate species were identified. Many of these have subsequently been described, as well as numerous new discoveries.
Stumpffia is a genus of microhylid frogs that are endemic to Madagascar. They are mostly brown frogs that typically live among leaf litter. S. contumelia has a snout–vent length of about 8–9 mm (0.31–0.35 in), making it one of the world's smallest frogs, and several others in the genus are only slightly larger. The largest species is no more than 28 mm (1.1 in).
Scaphiophryne is a genus of microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar. Some of the species are strikingly marked, while others are highly cryptic. They are rather plump and generally found on the ground. Several species in the genus are threatened because of habitat loss and overcollection for the international pet trade.
Ctenophryne is a genus of microhylid frogs. They occur in southern Central America and South America. Their common names are egg frogs and Nelson frogs, the latter applying to species in the formerly recognized Nelsonophryne.
Rhombophryne is a genus of microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar. It is currently estimated to include more than 23 species, but only 20 of these are currently described. The common name 'diamond frog' has been proposed and used for members of this genus.
Anilany helenae is a species of frog in the microyhlid subfamily Cophylinae. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Anilany, and is endemic to central Madagascar.
Anodonthyla jeanbai is an arboreal species of frogs in the family Microhylidae. It is highly polychromatic, and has an extremely isolated phylogenetic position, showing no clear relationships to any other members of the genus Anodonthyla. It is found only in a small higher-elevation area in Madagascar.
Anodonthyla emilei is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Discovered in Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar in 2003, it has the most divergent call of all Anodonthyla species.
Anodonthyla pollicaris is a species of microhylid frog. This frog is endemic to Madagascar.
Anodonthyla vallani is a species of microhylid frog. The frog was discovered in Madagascar and was previously confused with Anodonthyla nigrigularis. This species is only found in high elevation forests of the Ambohitantely Reserve.
Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa is a species of frog of the Madagascar endemic microhylid subfamily Cophylinae. Genetic evidence revealed that it is a species complex, in need of resolution. This work has made significant progress, and five related species have been described from this complex between 2014 and 2017. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Rhombophryne vaventy is a large species of frogs of the Madagascar endemic microhylid subfamily Cophylinae. It is one of the largest members of its genus.
Mini is a genus of tiny microhylid frogs that are endemic to southeastern Madagascar where they live among leaf litter in lowland forests. The three species and the genus itself were only scientifically described in 2019; although not yet rated by the IUCN, they have very small ranges and it has been recommended that two qualify as critically endangered and M. ature as data deficient.
Mini mum is a species of microhylid frog endemic to Madagascar that was described in 2019. It is the type species of its genus, Mini. The scientific name of the species refers to its size, being a pun on the word minimum: this wordplay led to the species receiving media attention when first described.
Anodonthyla eximia is a species of frog from Ranomafana in Eastern Madagascar endemic microhylid subfamily Cophylinae. It is the smallest species of the genus Anodonthyla and is the only known terrestrial member of the genus.
Boophis popi is a nocturnal species of skeleton frog endemic to the forests of Madagascar. It is characterized by its red irises and distinctly elevated reticulations on the dorsum. It is brown and gray, has slender limbs, has a pulsating call, and is slightly larger than similar frogs in its genus. The species was described in 2011 and is named after the company "pop-interactive GmbH".
Andolalao Rakotoarison is a Malagasy herpetologist.
Mini scule is a species of microhylid frog endemic to Madagascar that was described in 2019. The scientific name of the species refers to its size, being a pun on the word miniscule. It is very small, measuring only 8.4 to 10.8 mm in snout–vent length. It has bronze underparts with a brown groin and back of the thigh, cream upperparts with brown flecking, a dark brown side of the head, and a red iris. It is known only from the Sainte Luce Reserve, where it inhabits areas with deep leaf litter near semi-permanent water bodies. Specimens of frogs from Mandena, the Vohimena mountains, the southern Anosy Mountains, and Tsitongambarika may also be of this species. Like other species in the genus Mini, it received media attention when first described due to the wordplay in its scientific name.
Mini ature is a species of very small microhylid frog endemic to Madagascar described in 2019. The scientific name of the species refers to its size, being a pun on the word miniature. Although it measures only 14.9 mm (0.59 in) in snout–vent length, it is the largest species in its genus. The holotype of the species has a light brown back, beige sides, a dark brown underside with beige speckling that turns beige near the bottom, and a dark brown side and back of the head. It is known only from Andohahela National Park in Anosy, Madagascar. Like other species in its genus, it received media attention when first described due to the wordplay in its scientific name.
Media related to Anodonthyla at Wikimedia Commons