Architectonica maxima

Architectonica maxima
Shell of Architectonica maxima from Japan at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Family:	Architectonicidae
Genus:	Architectonica
Species:	A. maxima
Binomial name
Architectonica maxima (Philippi, 1849)
Synonyms
Solarium maximum Philippi, 1849 [1]

Architectonica maxima, the giant sundial, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Architectonicidae, which are known as the staircase shells or sundials. ^[1]

Shells of Architectonica maxima

Description

Architectonica maxima has a shell that reaches 19–82 mm ^[2] and it is the largest member of the sundial family. This shell is low-spired and quite flattened, with a beaded surface. The shoulder slope is divided into two ribs by a spiral groove. ^[3] The basic color is cream, with brown spots.

(Original description in Latin) The low-conical shell is radiately grooved, at first slightly granular. It is grayish-tawny in color. The whorls show three grooves. The sutures are broadly channeled and bordered by a sutural band that is articulated with white and chestnut-brown markings. The band below the suture is unspotted and of the same color as the rest of the shell. The lowest band of the body whorl, and the broad band of the penultimate whorl are articulated with chestnut markings that equal in breadth the single-threaded space between them. The umbilicus occupies three-fourths of the diameter exceeding the body whorl, and is encircled by small whitish crenulations. ^[4]

Distribution

This species can be found in the Indo-Pacific, from East Africa and the Persian Gulf to western Pacific, Japan, eastern Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and Hawaii. ^{[2] [5] [6] [3]}

Habitat

Giant sundial is a carnivore deeper water sea snail living on sandy patches and muddy sublittoral bottoms, ^[3] close to soft corals, at a depth of 10 – 280 m. ^[6]

References

1. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Architectonica maxima (R. A. Philippi, 1849)". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species.
2. "Architectonica (Maxima-group) maxima". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
3. Poutiers, J. M. (1998). "Gastropods". In Carpenter, K. E.; Niem, V. H. (eds.). The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Vol. 1. Rome: FAO. pp. 637–638. ISBN   92-5-104052-4.
4. Philippi, R.A. (1849). "Centuria tertia testaceorum novorum". Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie. 5 (10): 170. Retrieved 10 November 2025. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
5. Discover Life
6. Sealifebase

• Bieler, R. (1993). Architectonicidae of the Indo-Pacific (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg. NF. 30: 1-376.
• Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. Pp 196-219. in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch.
• Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). [Checklist of marine biota of China seas]. China Science Press. 1267 pp.