Arthrobacter is a genus of bacteria that is commonly found in soil. All species in this genus are Gram-positive obligate aerobes that are rods during exponential growth and cocci in their stationary phase. Arthrobacter have a distinctive method of cell division called "snapping division" or reversion in which the outer bacterial cell wall ruptures at a joint.
Mycoremediation is a form of bioremediation in which fungi-based remediation methods are used to decontaminate the environment. Fungi have been proven to be a cheap, effective and environmentally sound way for removing a wide array of contaminants from damaged environments or wastewater. These contaminants include heavy metals, organic pollutants, textile dyes, leather tanning chemicals and wastewater, petroleum fuels, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides and herbicides in land, fresh water, and marine environments.
Rhodococcus is a genus of aerobic, nonsporulating, nonmotile Gram-positive bacteria closely related to Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium. While a few species are pathogenic, most are benign, and have been found to thrive in a broad range of environments, including soil, water, and eukaryotic cells. Some species have large genomes, including the 9.7 megabasepair genome of Rhodococcus sp. RHA1.
Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic metabolism to degrade, transform or accumulate environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic compounds, pharmaceutical substances, radionuclides and metals.
Delftia tsuruhatensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family. It was first isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Japan in 2003. D. tsuruhatensis is an opportunistic and emergent pathogen. All documented human infections are healthcare-associated.
Delftia lacustris is a Gram-negative, nonfermentative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium from the family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from mesotrophic lake water in Denmark. It has the ability to degrade peptidoglycan through chitinase and lysozyme activity.
Arthrobacter crystallopoietes is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from soil. Arthrobacter crystallopoietes has the ability to degrade pyridine.
Pseudarthrobacter chlorophenolicus is a species of bacteria capable of degrading high concentrations of 4-chlorophenol, hence its name. As such, it may be useful in bioremediation.
Acinetobacter gerneri is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which was isolated from activated sludge.
Rhodococcus erythropolis is a bacterium species in the genus Rhodococcus. It is Gram-positive. R. erythropolis has been isolated from the air of the Russian Space Laboratory Mir along with a large number of other microorganisms that steadily accumulated during the lifespan of the station. Rhodococcus bacteria are known to degrade organic compounds contained in the rubber used aboard the space station with specialized enzymes. This can lead to degradation of critical components and necessitates replacement of the parts or preventive measures dealing with microbial contamination.
Xanthobacter autotrophicus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pleomorphic and nitrogen-fixing bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from black pool sludge in Germany. Xanthobacter autotrophicus can utilize 1,2-dichloroethane, methanol and propane.
Arthrobacter agilis is a psychrotrophic bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which occurs in lake water and Antarctic sea ice. Arthrobacter agilis produces dimethylhexadecylamine and carotenoid.
Paenarthrobacter aurescens is a bacterium species from the genus Paenarthrobacter . Paenarthrobacter aurescens produces nitrilase and L-N-carbamoylase. Paenarthrobacter aurescens has a low GC-content and has the ability to utilize anethole.
Pseudarthrobacter defluvii is a bacterium species from the genus Pseudarthrobacter which has been isolated from sewage from the Geumho River near Daegu, Korea. Pseudarthrobacter defluvii has the ability to degrade 4-chlorophenol.
Arthrobacter globiformis is a Gram-positive bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter.
Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium species from the genus Paenarthrobacter. This bacterium has the ability to degrade atrazine, nicotine, and creatine. and produces nicotine dehydrogenase
Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus is a psychrotrophic bacterium species from the genus Arthrobacter which has been isolated from soil in the United States. Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus produces amylase.
Arthrobacter rhombi is a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium species from the genus Arthrobacter which has been isolated from the halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides.
Xenophilus azovorans is a bacterium from the genus Xenophilus which has been isolated from soil in Switzerland.
Plastic degradation in marine bacteria describes when certain pelagic bacteria break down polymers and use them as a primary source of carbon for energy. Polymers such as polyethylene(PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are incredibly useful for their durability and relatively low cost of production, however it is their persistence and difficulty to be properly disposed of that is leading to pollution of the environment and disruption of natural processes. It is estimated that each year there are 9-14 million metric tons of plastic that are entering the ocean due to inefficient solutions for their disposal. The biochemical pathways that allow for certain microbes to break down these polymers into less harmful byproducts has been a topic of study to develop a suitable anti-pollutant.
