| Atlantic royal flycatcher | |
|---|---|
 | |
| At Tapiraí, São Paulo state, Brazil | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tityridae |
| Genus: | Onychorhynchus |
| Species: | O. swainsoni |
| Binomial name | |
| Onychorhynchus swainsoni (Pelzeln, 1858) | |
 | |
The Atlantic royal flycatcher (Onychorhynchus swainsoni) is a passerine bird in the family Tityridae according to the International Ornithological Committee (IOC). It is endemic to Brazil. [2]
The Atlantic royal flycatcher's taxonomy is unsettled. The IOC and the Clements taxonomy consider the Atlantic royal flycatcher and the tropical royal flycatcher (O. coronatus) to be separate species. The IOC places them in the family Tityridae and Clements in family Onychorhynchidae . [2] [3]
The North and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society (AOS) combine the two as the widespread royal flycatcher (Onychorhynchus coronatus sensu lato). Like Clements the AOS places O. coronatus in family Onychorhynchidae, and both systems include other species in that family. The South American committee is seeking a proposal for reevaluation of the taxa. [4] [5]
The Atlantic royal flycatcher is monotypic. [2]
The Atlantic royal flycatcher is 16 to 16.5 cm (6.3 to 6.5 in) long. One specimen weighed 23.5 g (0.83 oz). This large-billed flycatcher has a spectacular, but rarely seen, crest. The upper parts are mostly dull brown with a bright cinnamon rump and tail. It has a whitish throat and ochraceous buff underparts. It has an erectile fan-shaped crest that when raised is scarlet, black, and blue in the male and yellow or orange, black, and blue in the female. [6]
The Atlantic royal flycatcher is found only in the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil, from Bahia State south to northern Santa Catarina State. It inhabits humid lowlands, both primary evergreen and second growth forests. It is a bird of the midstory. [6]
The Atlantic royal flycatcher is believed to be a year-round resident. [6]
The Atlantic royal flycatcher's diet has not been detailed but is thought to be mostly or entirely insects. It usually forages singly but occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It captures prey by sallies from a perch. [6]
The Atlantic royal flycatcher breeds in the austral spring, with active nests known between October and January. The nest is a long and narrow bag suspended from a branch or vine, usually above water. The usual clutch is two eggs; only the female incubates them and broods and feeds the nestlings. [6]
The Atlantic royal flycatcher is usually inconspicuous and quiet. When heard, its song is a "series of overslurred whistles weeep...weeep....weeep..." and its call a "rather piercing short note, yeeek!, repeated many times". [6]
The IUCN has assessed the Atlantic royal flycatcher as Vulnerable. "The species has recently been discovered at a number of new locations; however, the population is estimated at 600-1,700 mature individuals and declining rapidly." [1]
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