| Royal flycatcher | |
|---|---|
 | |
| "Amazonian" tropical royal flycatcher at Apiacás, Mato Grosso state, Brasil | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tityridae |
| Subfamily: | Oxyruncinae |
| Genus: | Onychorhynchus Fischer von Waldheim, 1810 |
The royal flycatchers are a genus, Onychorhynchus, of passerine birds that the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) places in the family Tityridae . [1]
The genus name Onychorhynchus comes from the Greek words ὄνυξonyx "nail" and ρυγχοςrhynkhos "bill". [2] The specific epithet of the type species, coronatus, and the common name royal flycatcher, refer to the striking, colorful crest, [3] which is seen displayed very rarely, [3] except after mating, while preening, in courtship as well as being handled. [3]
For many years the IOC and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) placed four species in genus Onychorhynchus. [4] [5] In 2024 the IOC combined ("lumped") the northern, Amazonian, and Pacific royal flycatchers as a single species, the tropical royal flycatcher (O. coronatus), leaving the Atlantic royal flycatcher unchanged. [1]
However, the taxonomies of the genus and of the family Tityridae are unsettled. HBW retained the four-species treatment. [5] The Clements taxonomy rocognizes the same two species of royal flycatcher as the IOC. However, Clements places them, four other species, and the sharpbill (Oxyruncus cristatus) in family Oxyruncidae, rather than in Tityridae like the IOC. [6] [1] The North American and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society (AOS) treat genus Onychorhynchus as having one species, the royal flycatcher (O. coronatus sensu lato), with multiple subspecies. The AOS committees place the sharpbill by itself in family Oxyruncidae, and place the royal flycatcher and the same four additional species as Clements in family Onychorhynchidae. The South American committee is seeking a proposal for reevaluation of the taxa. [7] [8]
The IOC and Clements recognize these two species in genus Onychorhynchus. [1] [6]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Onychorhynchus coronatus | Tropical royal flycatcher | Southern Mexico through Central America, western Colombia, western Ecuador, and the Amazon Basin in northern Bolivia, eastern Peru, eastern Ecuador, eastern Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern and western Brazil |
 | Onychorhynchus swainsoni | Atlantic royal flycatcher | Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil |
Plovers are members of a widely distributed group of wading birds of family Charadriidae. The term "plover" applies to all the members of the family, though only about half of them include it in their name.
The Tyranni (suboscines) are a suborder of passerine birds that includes more than 1,000 species, the large majority of which are South American. It is named after the type genus Tyrannus.
The Pacific parakeet, known as Pacific conure or Nicaraguan green conure in aviculture, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in southern Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
The green parakeet, green conure or Mexican green conure is a New World parrot. As defined by the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), it is endemic to Mexico.
The rufous-banded owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Colombian crake is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.
The paint-billed crake is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama, every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay, and the Galápagos Islands.
The Atlantic royal flycatcher is a passerine bird in the family Tityridae according to the International Ornithological Committee (IOC). It is endemic to Brazil.
The Jamaican becard is a species of bird in the family Tityridae. Its genus, Pachyramphus, has traditionally been placed in Cotingidae or Tyrannidae, but evidence strongly suggest it is better placed in Tityridae.
The tropical royal flycatcher is a passerine bird that the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) places in the family Tityridae. It is found in Mexico, south through most of Central America, and in every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
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The vermiculated screech owl, is a subspecies, or possibly separate species, of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The Sinú parakeet is a bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World recognizes it as a full species. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society, and the Clements taxonomy treat it as a subspecies of the painted parakeet.
The black-throated toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
The white-throated toucanet or greyish-throated toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.