Pyrocephalus | |
---|---|
Scarlet flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Tyrannidae |
Genus: | Pyrocephalus Gould, 1838 |
Type species | |
Muscicapa coronata [1] Gmelin, 1789 | |
Species | |
See text |
Pyrocephalus is a genus of bird in the tyrant flycatcher family, Tyrannidae.
The genus was introduced by the English ornithologist and bird artist John Gould in 1839 in Charles Darwin's Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle . [2] [lower-alpha 1] The type species was designated as the scarlet flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus) by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840. [6] [7] The name Pyrocephalus combines the Ancient Greek purrhos meaning "flame-coloured" or "red" and -kephalos meaning "-headed". [8]
The tyrant flycatcher family, the Tyrannidae, is a group of passerine birds present only in the New World, and its members are generally drab in coloration. [9] Within it, the subfamily Fluvicolinae comprises the genera Pyrocephalus, Contopus , Empidonax , and Sayornis . They likely shared a common ancestor in the Contopus or Xenotriccus genus before diversifying. The Pyrocephalus are most closely related to the Sayornis in terms of morphology, but genetic analysis shows that they may be more closely related to the Fluvicola . [10] The vermilion flycatcher likely evolved around 1.15–million years ago (mya), with the species on the Galápagos Islands having split off around 0.82–mya. The South American species/subspecies diverged about 0.56–mya. [11]
The genus contains four species: [12]
Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|
Pyrocephalus rubinus | Scarlet flycatcher | Southeastern Bolivia and Brazil, Paraguay to Argentina and Uruguay | |
Pyrocephalus obscurus | Vermilion flycatcher | Almost all of Mexico; it extends north into the southwestern United States, and south to scattered portions of Central America, parts of northwestern and central South America | |
Pyrocephalus nanus | Darwin's flycatcher | Galápagos Islands | |
— | ✝Pyrocephalus dubius | San Cristóbal flycatcher | San Cristóbal Island in the Galápagos Islands (prior to extinction) |
The sharpbill is a small passerine bird in the family Tityridae. Its range is from the mountainous areas of tropical South America and southern Central America.
The genus Sayornis is a small group of medium-sized insect-eating birds, known as phoebes, in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae.
The vermilion flycatcher is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family found throughout South America and southern North America. It is a striking exception among the generally drab Tyrannidae due to its vermilion-red coloration. The males have bright red crowns, chests, and underparts, with brownish wings and tails. Females lack the vivid red coloration and can be hard to identify—they may be confused for the Say's phoebe. The vermilion flycatcher's song is a pit pit pit pidddrrrreeedrr, which is variable and important in establishing a territory. Riparian habitats and semi-open environments are preferred. As aerial insectivores, they catch their prey while flying. Their several months-long molt begins in summer.
Attila is a genus of tropical passerine birds, the attilas. They belong to the tyrant flycatcher family. The species in this genus have large heads and hooked bills; they are markedly predatory and aggressive for their size – hence the scientific and common names, which refer to Attila the Hun.
The many-colored rush tyrant or many-coloured rush tyrant is a small passerine bird of South America belonging to the tyrant flycatcher family, Tyrannidae. It is the only member of the genus Tachuris and is sometimes placed in a separate monotypic family. It inhabits marshland and reedbeds around lakes and rivers. It is particularly associated with stands of Scirpus. The nest is built among plant stems.
Fluvicola is a genus of birds in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae.
The spectacled tyrant is a species of bird in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. It is the only species placed in the genus Hymenops.
Lophotriccus is a genus of South American birds in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae.
Myiobius is a genus of passerine birds in the family Tityridae. The genus was previously considered to belong to the Tyrannidae.
A becard is a bird of the genus Pachyramphus in the family Tityridae.
The Serra do Mar bristle tyrant is a small species of bird in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. It was formerly placed in the genus Phylloscartes and known in English as the Serra do Mar tyrannulet. It is endemic to humid montane forest in the Serra do Mar in south-eastern Brazil. More likely confused with the short-tailed and pale-eyed hangnest tody-tyrant, its bright olive-green upperparts contrast strongly with the grey underparts. It is generally uncommon and threatened by habitat loss.
The São Paulo bristle tyrant is a species of bird in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. It was formerly placed in the genus Phylloscartes and known in English as the São Paulo tyrannulet. It is found in the southern Atlantic Forest region of South America. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The lesser kiskadee is a species of passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is the only species in the genus Philohydor. It is found in Brazil, Bermuda, Bolivia, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, Guatemala, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist shrubland and swamps.
Poecilotriccus is a genus of small flycatchers in the family Tyrannidae. Except for the recently described Johnson's tody-flycatcher, all have, at one point or another, been included in the genus Todirostrum. Some species have been known as tody-tyrants instead of tody-flycatchers. Most species are found in South America, but a single species, the slate-headed tody-flycatcher, is also found in Central America. The black-chested tyrant may also belong in this genus, but most place it in the monotypic genus Taeniotriccus.
Todirostrum is a genus of Neotropical birds in the New World flycatcher family Tyrannidae.
Pogonotriccus is a genus of small passerine birds in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. They are found in wooded habitats of Central and South America.
The San Cristóbal flycatcher, also known as San Cristóbal vermilion flycatcher or least vermilion flycatcher, is an extinct species of flycatcher, closely related to the vermilion flycatcher. It was endemic to San Cristóbal Island in the Galápagos Islands. The taxon was discovered during Charles Darwin's Galapagos voyage in 1835 and described as full species Pyrocephalus dubius by John Gould in 1839.
Calliope is a genus of passerine birds in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.
The scarlet flycatcher or austral vermilion flycatcher is a species of flycatcher, closely related to the vermilion flycatcher. It is found in southeastern Bolivia and Brazil, Paraguay to Argentina and Uruguay. It is recognized as a species by some taxonomic authorities, including the International Ornithologists' Union. Others still consider it to be a subspecies of the vermilion flycatcher.
Fluvicolinae is a subfamily of passerine birds in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae, encompassing species widely distributed across the Americas. The subfamily includes 130 species that are divided into five tribes and 39 genera.