Elaenia

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Elaenia
Flickr - Dario Sanches - GUARACAVA-DE-BARRIGA-AMARELA (Elaenia flavogaster).jpg
Yellow-bellied elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Tyrannidae
Genus: Elaenia
Sundevall, 1836
Type species
Muscicapa pagana [1] = Pipra flavogaster
Sundevall, 1836
Species

see text

Elaenia is a genus of passerine birds in the tyrant flycatcher family which occur in Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. Except by voice, specific identification is often difficult since many species are very similar. They are also known by the common name elaenia, which they share with the similar tyrant flycatchers of the genus Myiopagis .

Elaenia flycatchers are typically brownish, greyish or olive above, and off-white and/or pale yellow on the belly, with a white or pale yellowish eye-ring of variable strength and two or three wing bars. Some species show a crest; often with a semi-concealed white patch/streak.

Taxonomy

The genus Elaenia was introduced by the Swedish zoologist Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1836. [2] The type species was subsequently designated as the yellow-bellied elaenia. [3] The name of the genus is from the Ancient Greek ελαινεος elaineos "of olive-oil" or "oleaginous". [4]

The genus contains 22 species: [5]

ImageScientific nameCommon NameDistribution
Elaenia flavogaster1.jpg Yellow-bellied elaenia Elaenia flavogasterCentral and South America as far as northern Argentina, and on Trinidad and Tobago.
Caribbean Elaenia.jpg Caribbean elaenia Elaenia martinicaWest Indies and parts of Central America.
Elaenia spectabilis-Large Elaenia.JPG Large elaenia Elaenia spectabiliswestern Amazonia to eastern Brazil and central Bolivia.
Elaenia ridleyana.jpg Noronha elaenia Elaenia ridleyanaFernando de Noronha
White-crested Elaenia (Elaenia albiceps) (15934867376).jpg White-crested elaenia Elaenia albicepsPeru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and northernmost Chile.
Elaenia albiceps chilensis.jpg Chilean elaenia Elaenia chilensissouthern Bolivia to Tierra del Fuego.
Elaenia parvirostris -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg Small-billed elaenia Elaenia parvirostrisArgentina, Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Netherlands Antilles, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
Olivaceous elaenia (cropped).jpg Olivaceous elaenia Elaenia mesoleucaArgentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Elaenia strepera 201366841.jpg Slaty elaenia Elaenia streperawestern Amazon Basin, Colombia and Venezuela.
Elaenia gigas - Mottle-backed elaenia.jpg Mottle-backed elaenia Elaenia gigasBolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Elaenia pelzelni - Brownish elaenia, Iranduba, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg Brownish elaenia Elaenia pelzelniBrazil, Peru, Colombia, and Bolivia.
Elaenia cristata - Plain-crested elaenia; Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg Plain-crested elaenia Elaenia cristataBolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Lesser elaenia (Elaenia chiriquensis chiriquensis).jpg Lesser elaenia Elaenia chiriquensisArgentina, Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Coopmans's elaenia Elaenia brachypterasouthwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.
Elaenia ruficeps - Rufous-crowned Elaenia (cropped).jpg Rufous-crowned elaenia Elaenia ruficepsBrazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Elaenia frantzii Elaenia montanera Mountain Elaenia (11280238045).jpg Mountain elaenia Elaenia frantziiGuatemala to Colombia and western Venezuela
Tucao (Elaenia obscura) - Highland Elaenia.jpg Highland elaenia Elaenia obscurasoutheastern Ecuador to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina
Elaenia obscura sordida - Highland elaenia; Bertioga, Sao Paulo, Brazil.jpg Small-headed elaenia Elaenia sordidasoutheastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina.
Great elaenia Elaenia dayiVenezuela and far northern Brazil, and may also occur in Guyana.
Sierran Elaenia - South Ecuador.jpg Sierran elaenia Elaenia pallatangaeBolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela.
ElaineaOlivinaSmit.jpg Tepui elaenia Elaenia olivinaGuyana and Venezuela
Greater Antillean Elaenia (Elaenia fallax) (8082788028).jpg Greater Antillean elaenia Elaenia fallaxHispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti) and Jamaica.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyrant flycatcher</span> Family of birds found in the Americas

The tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) are a family of passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They are considered the largest family of birds known to exist in the world, with more than 400 species. They are the most diverse avian family in every country in the Americas, except for the United States and Canada. The members vary greatly in shape, patterns, size and colors. Some tyrant flycatchers may superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, which they are named after but are not closely related to. They are members of suborder Tyranni (suboscines), which do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of most other songbirds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-bellied elaenia</span> Species of bird

The yellow-bellied elaenia is a small bird of the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds from southern Mexico and the Yucatán Peninsula through Central and South America as far as northern Argentina, and on Trinidad and Tobago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Forest elaenia</span> Species of bird

The forest elaenia is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds from Panama through Colombia, Venezuela and the Guianas to Bolivia and Brazil. It also occurs on Trinidad.

<i>Myiozetetes</i> Genus of birds

Myiozetetes is a small genus of passerine birds in the tyrant flycatcher family. The four species occur in tropical Central and South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bright-rumped attila</span> Species of bird

The bright-rumped attila or polymorphic attila is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family (Tyrannidae). It breeds from northwestern Mexico to western Ecuador, Bolivia and southeastern Brazil, and on Trinidad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mountain elaenia</span> Species of bird

The mountain elaenia is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds in highlands from Guatemala to Colombia and western Venezuela. The scientific name celebrates the German physician and naturalist, Alexander von Frantzius.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sickle-winged chat</span> Species of bird

The sickle-winged chat or sicklewing chat is a small passerine bird of the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae endemic to southern Africa. It is a common resident breeder in South Africa and Lesotho, and is also found in southernmost areas of Botswana and Namibia. Its habitat is Karoo scrub, short grassland, and barren sandy or stony areas. In western coastal areas, it also occurs on agricultural land.

<i>Eremomela</i> Genus of birds

The eremomelas are a genus, Eremomela, of passerines in the cisticola family Cisticolidae. The genus was previously placed with the larger Old World warbler family Sylviidae prior to that genus being broken up into several families. The genus contains eleven species, all of which are found in sub-Saharan Africa. They occupy a range of habitats, from arid scrub to lowland tropical forest. They are intermediate in appearance between crombecs and apalis, and measure between 8.5 to 12 cm (3.3–4.7 in) in length. The sexes are alike in size and plumage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caribbean elaenia</span> Species of bird

The Caribbean elaenia is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae found in the West Indies and parts of Central America. Its natural habitats are tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, and heavily degraded former forest.

<i>Myiopagis</i> Genus of birds

Myiopagis is a genus of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. These species are closely related to the genus Elaenia but are generally smaller.

References

  1. ↑ "Tyrannidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  2. ↑ Sundevall, Carl Jakob (1836). "Elaenia". Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. series 3 (in Latin). 23: 89.
  3. ↑ Traylor, Melvin A. Jr, ed. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 8. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 26–27.
  4. ↑ Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  5. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Tyrant flycatchers". World Bird List Version 8.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 1 July 2018.


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