Elaenia | |
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Yellow-bellied elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster) | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Tyrannidae |
Genus: | Elaenia Sundevall, 1836 |
Type species | |
Muscicapa pagana [1] = Pipra flavogaster Sundevall, 1836 | |
Species | |
see text |
Elaenia is a genus of passerine birds in the tyrant flycatcher family which occur in Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. Except by voice, specific identification is often difficult since many species are very similar. They are also known by the common name elaenia, which they share with the similar tyrant flycatchers of the genus Myiopagis .
Elaenia flycatchers are typically brownish, greyish or olive above, and off-white and/or pale yellow on the belly, with a white or pale yellowish eye-ring of variable strength and two or three wing bars. Some species show a crest; often with a semi-concealed white patch/streak.
The genus Elaenia was introduced by the Swedish zoologist Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1836. [2] The type species was subsequently designated as the yellow-bellied elaenia. [3] The name of the genus is from the Ancient Greek ελαινεος elaineos "of olive-oil" or "oleaginous". [4]
The genus contains 22 species: [5]
Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
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![]() | Yellow-bellied elaenia | Elaenia flavogaster | Central and South America as far as northern Argentina, and on Trinidad and Tobago. |
![]() | Caribbean elaenia | Elaenia martinica | West Indies and parts of Central America. |
| Large elaenia | Elaenia spectabilis | western Amazonia to eastern Brazil and central Bolivia. |
![]() | Noronha elaenia | Elaenia ridleyana | Fernando de Noronha |
![]() | White-crested elaenia | Elaenia albiceps | Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and northernmost Chile. |
![]() | Chilean elaenia | Elaenia chilensis | southern Bolivia to Tierra del Fuego. |
![]() | Small-billed elaenia | Elaenia parvirostris | Argentina, Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Netherlands Antilles, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela. |
![]() | Olivaceous elaenia | Elaenia mesoleuca | Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. |
![]() | Slaty elaenia | Elaenia strepera | western Amazon Basin, Colombia and Venezuela. |
![]() | Mottle-backed elaenia | Elaenia gigas | Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. |
![]() | Brownish elaenia | Elaenia pelzelni | Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Bolivia. |
![]() | Plain-crested elaenia | Elaenia cristata | Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. |
![]() | Lesser elaenia | Elaenia chiriquensis | Argentina, Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. |
Coopmans's elaenia | Elaenia brachyptera | southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. | |
![]() | Rufous-crowned elaenia | Elaenia ruficeps | Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. |
![]() | Mountain elaenia | Elaenia frantzii | Guatemala to Colombia and western Venezuela |
![]() | Highland elaenia | Elaenia obscura | southeastern Ecuador to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina |
![]() | Small-headed elaenia | Elaenia sordida | southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina. |
Great elaenia | Elaenia dayi | Venezuela and far northern Brazil, and may also occur in Guyana. | |
![]() | Sierran elaenia | Elaenia pallatangae | Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela. |
![]() | Tepui elaenia | Elaenia olivina | Guyana and Venezuela |
![]() | Greater Antillean elaenia | Elaenia fallax | Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti) and Jamaica. |
The yellow-bellied elaenia is a small bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Mexico, in every Central American country, in every mainland South American country except Chile, on Trinidad and Tobago, and on several islands in the Lesser Antilles.
The forest elaenia is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds from Panama through Colombia, Venezuela and the Guianas to Bolivia and Brazil. It also occurs on Trinidad.
The mottle-backed elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The Caribbean elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in the West Indies, in parts of Central America, and on islands just off the northern South American coast.
The sierran elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The Noronha elaenia is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is endemic to the Fernando de Noronha archipelago off the coast of Brazil.
The rufous-crowned elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The grey-headed elaenia or Atlantic grey elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
The yellow-crowned elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The foothill elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Pacific elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The greenish elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Mexico, every Central American country, and every mainland South American country except Chile and French Guiana. It has also occurred as a vagrant in southern Texas.
The grey-and-white tyrannulet is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The Peruvian tyrannulet is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is endemic to Peru.
Coopmans's elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
The Amazonian elaenia or Amazonian grey elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay, though there is only a single sight record in Suriname.
The Choco elaenia or Choco grey elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.