Synallaxis

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Synallaxis
Synallaxis unirufa.jpg
Rufous spinetail (Synallaxis unirufa)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Furnariidae
Genus: Synallaxis
Vieillot, 1818
Type species
Synallaxis ruficapilla
Vieillot, 1819
Species

see list

Synallaxis is a genus of birds in the ovenbird family, Furnariidae. It is one of the most diverse genera in the family and is composed of small birds that inhabit dense undergrowth across tropical and subtropical habitats in the Neotropical region. Some species show contrasting plumage patterns involving rufous crown and wing patches and black throat patches but they are difficult to see as they keep ensconced in vegetation most of the time. Most species show the long graduated tail with pointy feathers that is typical of spinetails. They are also characterized by constructing large domed nests with stick, including a long entrance tube. Some species can be difficult to distinguish from one another on the basis of their plumage, but can be told apart by their vocalizations, which can be quite distinctive. [1]

Contents

Taxonomy

Synallaxis albescens Synallaxis albescens -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg
Synallaxis albescens

The genus Synallaxis was introduced in 1818 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot. [2] The name is from the Ancient Greek sunallaxis meaning "exchange". [3] Vieillot did not specify a type species but in 1840 George Gray designated the rufous-capped spinetail. [4] [5]

The genus contains 37 species: [6]

ImageScientific nameCommon NameDistribution
Synallaxis scutata - Ochre-cheeked Spinetail; Pocoes, Bahia, Brazil.jpg Ochre-cheeked spinetail Synallaxis scutataBrazil, eastern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina
Synallaxis cinerascens - Grey-bellied Spinetail; Intervales State Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil.jpg Grey-bellied spinetail Synallaxis cinerascenssouthern Brazil, eastern Paraguay,
Uruguay and Selva Misionera
Synallaxis gujanensis - Plain-crowned Spinetail; Amazon river island, Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg Plain-crowned spinetail Synallaxis gujanensisGuianas, southern Amazonia and Colombia
Synalaxis simoni Araguaia Spinetail, river Araguaia, Aruana, Goias, Brazil.jpg Araguaia spinetail Synallaxis simoniGoiás
Synallaxis albilora.jpg White-lored spinetail Synallaxis albilora Pantanal
Synallaxis maranonica 119779653.jpg Maranon spinetail Synallaxis maranonicalower Marañón River
Synallaxis hypochondriaca - Great Spinetail.jpg Great spinetail Synallaxis hypochondriacaupper Marañón River
Synallaxis stictothorax chinchipensis - Necklaced (Chinchipe) Spinetail.jpg Chinchipe spinetail Synallaxis chichipensis Chinchipe and Maranon river
Synallaxis stictothorax stictothorax - Necklaced Spinetail.jpg Necklaced spinetail Synallaxis stictothoraxTumbes
Synallaxis zimmeri - Russet-bellied Spinetail; Ancash, Peru.jpg Russet-bellied spinetail Synallaxis zimmeriwestern Peru
Slaty Spinetail (Synallaxis brachyura) (5771900689).jpg Slaty spinetail Synallaxis brachyuraCentral America and Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena
Synallaxis subpudica - Silvery-throated Spinetail.jpg Silvery-throated spinetail Synallaxis subpudica Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)
Parque Nacional do Catimbau Almir das Neves Araujo (10).jpg Red-shouldered spinetail Synallaxis hellmayri Caatinga
Synallaxis ruficapilla -Sitio Arapongal, Registro, Sao Paulo, Brasil-8.jpg Rufous-capped spinetail Synallaxis ruficapillasouthern Atlantic Forest
Synallaxis cinerea - Bahia Spinetail; Boa Nova, Bahia, Brazil.jpg Bahia spinetail Synallaxis cinereaBahia
Synallaxis infuscata - Pinto's Spinetail.jpg Pinto's spinetail Synallaxis infuscataPernambuco forests
- Dusky spinetail Synallaxis moestaeastern Northern Andes
Synallaxis macconnelli obscurior McConnell's Spinetail; Serra do Navio, Amapa, Brazil.jpg McConnell's spinetail Synallaxis macconnelli tepuis and Guiana Shield
Synallaxis cabanisi Cabanis's Spinetail; Satipo, Junin, Peru.jpg Cabanis's spinetail Synallaxis cabanisieastern Central Andes
Synallaxis hypospodia - Cinereous-breasted Spinetail; Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg Cinereous-breasted spinetail Synallaxis hypospodiaCerrado, Caatinga and central Southern Amazonia
Synallaxis spixi - Chicli Spinetail; Bertioga, Sao Paulo, Brazil.jpg Spix's spinetail Synallaxis spixinortheastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina
- Dark-breasted spinetail Synallaxis albigulariswestern Amazonia
Synallaxis beverlyae - Rio Orinoco Spinetail; eastern Venezuela.jpg Rio Orinoco spinetail Synallaxis beverlyaeVenezuela
Synallaxis albescens -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg Pale-breasted spinetail Synallaxis albescensSouth America
Synallaxis frontalis -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg Sooty-fronted spinetail Synallaxis frontaliscentral/eastern South America
Synallaxis azarae 76608368.jpg Azara's spinetail Synallaxis azaraeAndes
Synallaxis courseni - Apurimac Spinetail; Abancay, Apurimac, Peru.jpg Apurimac spinetail Synallaxis courseni Ampay
Synallaxis candei - White-whiskered Spinetail.jpg White-whiskered spinetail Synallaxis candeinorthern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela
Synallaxis erythrothorax - Rufous-breasted Spinetail (cropped).jpg Rufous-breasted spinetail Synallaxis erythrothoraxsoutheastern Mexico and norther Central America
Synallaxis kollari - Hoary-throated Spinetail; Amajari, Roraima, Brazil.jpg Hoary-throated spinetail Synallaxis kollari Branco River and tributaries
Synallaxis tithys - Blackish-headed Spinetail.jpg Blackish-headed spinetail Synallaxis tithysTumbes
Synallaxis fuscorufa2 (cropped).jpg Rusty-headed spinetail Synallaxis fuscorufa Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Synallaxis unirufa Chamicero de antifaz Rufous Spinetail (8441229545).jpg Rufous spinetail Synallaxis unirufanorthern Andes
Black-throated spinetail Synallaxis castaneacentral Venezuelan Coastal Range
Stripe-breasted Spinetail (Synallaxis cinnamomea) (cropped).jpg Stripe-breasted spinetail Synallaxis cinnamomeamountains of northeastern Colombia and Venezuela ;
Trinidad-and-Tobago
Synallaxis rutilans Ruddy Spinetail; Amazonia National Park, Itaituba, Para, Brazil (cropped).jpg Ruddy spinetail Synallaxis rutilansAmazonia
Synallaxis cherriei - Chestnut-throated spinetail (cropped).jpg Chestnut-throated spinetail Synallaxis cherrieiAmazonia (scattered range)

Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species as species within the genus Synallaxis:

References

  1. Hilty, Steven L.; Ascanio, David (2009). "A New Species of Spinetail (Furnariidae:Synallaxis) from the Río Orinoco of Venezuela". The Auk. 126 (3): 485–492. doi: 10.1525/auk.2009.08036 . S2CID   84059408.
  2. Vieillot, Louis Pierre (1818). Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc (in French). Vol. 24 (Nouvelle édition ed.). Paris: Deterville. p. 117. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.20211.
  3. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 376. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
  4. Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 17.
  5. Peters, James Lee, ed. (1951). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 7. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 80.
  6. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  7. "Hellmayrea gularis – Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  8. Derryberry, Elizabeth P.; Claramunt, Santiago; Derryberry, Graham; Chesser, R. Terry; Cracraft, Joel; Aleixo, Alexandre; Pérez-Emán, Jorge; Remsen Jr., J. V.; Brumfield, Robb T. (2011). "Lineage diversification and morphological evolution in a large-scale continental radiation: the Neotropical ovenbirds and woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)". Evolution. 65 (10): 2973–2986. Bibcode:2011Evolu..65.2973D. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01374.x . ISSN   0014-3820. PMID   21967436.
  9. Claramunt, Santiago (2014). "Phylogenetic relationships among Synallaxini spinetails (Aves: Furnariidae) reveal a new biogeographic pattern across the Amazon and Paraná river basins". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 78: 223–231. Bibcode:2014MolPE..78..223C. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.05.011. PMID   24867462.