| Rufous-capped spinetail | |
|---|---|
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| At Registro, São Paulo, Brazil | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Furnariidae |
| Genus: | Synallaxis |
| Species: | S. ruficapilla |
| Binomial name | |
| Synallaxis ruficapilla Vieillot, 1819 | |
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The rufous-capped spinetail (Synallaxis ruficapilla) is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. [2]
The rufous-capped spinetail is monotypic. [2]
What is now Pinto's spinetail (S. infuscata) was previous treated as a subspecies of it. [3] What is now the Bahia spinetail (S. cinerea, previously S. whitneyi) was treated as a conspecific population of the rufous-capped [3] and data both support [4] and refute [5] that treatment. As of late 2023 major taxonomic systems treat the Bahia spinetail as a full species. [2] [3] [6] [7]
The rufous-capped spinetail is 13 to 17 cm (5.1 to 6.7 in) long and weighs 12 to 16 g (0.42 to 0.56 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a wide buff supercilium and dark brownish gray lores and ear coverts. Their crown and nape are bright orange-rufous and their back, rump, and uppertail coverts are rufescent brown. Their wings are mostly chestnut-brown. Their tail is chestnut; it is graduated and the feathers have pointed tips. Their chin has a tiny tawny spot; the rest of their chin and throat are whitish with faint gray streaks. Their upper breast is grayish and the rest of their underparts paler buffy brownish. Their iris is reddish brown, their maxilla black, their mandible gray with a dark tip, and their legs and feet greenish gray. Juveniles have a duller crown than adults, with little or no chin spot and an ochraceous or brownish wash on the underparts. [8] [9] [10]
The rufous-capped spinetail is found in Brazil from southern Goiás east to Espírito Santo and south into northern Rio Grande do Sul, in far eastern Paraguay, and in northern Argentina's Misiones and Corrientes provinces. It inhabits the undergrowth and edges of a variety of forest landscapes including montane and lowland evergreen forest both primary and secondary. It is strongly associated with stands of Chusquea bamboo. In elevation it ranges from near sea level to 1,400 m (4,600 ft). [8] [9] [10]
The rufous-capped spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range. [8]
The rufous-capped spinetail's diet and feeding behavior are not well known. It is assumed to feed mostly on arthropods. It primarily forages in pairs and often joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It usually forages in the forest understorey but will occasionally do so on the ground up into the mid-storey. It is thought to capture prey by gleaning from foliage and small branches. [8] [9]
The rufous-capped spinetail breeds during the austral spring and summer. It is thought to be monogamous. Its nest is a bulky mass of thorny sticks with a downward-slanting entrance tube, typically placed in dense vegetation between 1 and 2.5 m (3 and 8 ft) above the ground. The clutch size is two to three eggs. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known. [8]
The rufous-capped spinetail's song has variously been described as "a fast nasal 'di-di-di-réét' " [8] , "tdrrrWit" [9] , and "a quiet, insistent 'drrrrrt wee' " [9] . Its call is "a distinctive low-pitched trill, 'tshrrr' " [8] also described as a "dry rattle, like 'trrrrruh' " [9] .
The IUCN has assessed the rufous-capped spinetail as being of Least Concern. It has a large range and an unknown population size; the latter is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is rather poorly known but considered uncommon to common. It is found in several protected areas. [8]
The pale-breasted spinetail is a passerine bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad, and in every mainland South American country except Chile and Ecuador.
The tepui spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
The speckled spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The sulphur-bearded reedhaunter or sulphur-throated spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.
The white-lored spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Cabanis's spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru.
The Bahia spinetail is a Near Threatened species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
The Apurimac spinetail is a Vulnerable species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The rufous-breasted spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico.
The sooty-fronted spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The cinereous-breasted spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Peru.
Pinto's spinetail is an Endangered species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to north-eastern Brazil. It is known locally as "tatac".
McConnell's spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The Maranon spinetail is a Critically Endangered species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The dusky spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The ochre-cheeked spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Peru.
Spix's spinetail, previously known as the chicli spinetail, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The Rio Orinoco spinetail, or Orinoco spinetail, is a Near Threatened species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Venezuela and possibly Colombia.
The Chinchipe spinetail is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae, the ovenbirds. It is endemic to Peru.
The Araguaia spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
