Rufous-breasted spinetail

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Rufous-breasted spinetail
Synallaxis erythrothorax - Rufous-breasted Spinetail.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Furnariidae
Genus: Synallaxis
Species:
S. erythrothorax
Binomial name
Synallaxis erythrothorax
Synallaxis erythrothorax map.svg

The rufous-breasted spinetail (Synallaxis erythrothorax) is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. [2]

Contents

Taxonomy and systematics

The rufous-breasted spinetail's taxonomy is unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World assign it two subspecies, the nominate S. e. erythrothorax (Sclater, PL, 1855) and S. e. pacifica (Griscom, 1930). The Clements taxonomy adds a third, S. e. furtiva (Bangs & Peters, 1927), that the other two systems include within the nominate. [2] [3] [4]

A study published in 2011 determined that the rufous-breasted spinetail and the white-whiskered spinetail (S. candei) are sister species. [5]

This article follows the two-subspecies model.

Description

The rufous-breasted spinetail is 13 to 16 cm (5.1 to 6.3 in) long and weighs 15 to 19 g (0.53 to 0.67 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a sepia brown face, crown, nape, back, rump and uppertail coverts. Their wings are chestnut with brown tips on their flight feathers. Their tail is chestnut brown; the feathers have black shafts. Their chin and upper throat are slate black with widish white streaks; their lower throat is solid slate black. Their breast and sides are deep cinnamon rufous, their flanks light brown, their belly mottled whitish or mouse gray with an olive tinge, and their undertail coverts a lighter, grayer, brown than the flanks. Their iris is dark red to reddish brown, their bill black (sometimes with a brownish base to the mandible), and their legs and feet bright gray to greenish gray. Juveniles have a similar pattern to adults with light brown upper breast, flanks, and undertail coverts and pale grayish lower breast and belly mottled with brown. Subspecies S. e. pacifica is overall paler than the nominate, with a gray (instead of black) lower throat and less olive on the flanks. [6] [7] [8]

Distribution and habitat

The rufous-breasted spinetail has a disjunct distribution. The nominate subspecies is the more widespread. It is found from Veracruz, northern Oaxaca, and the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico south on the Caribbean side through Belize and Guatemala into northwestern Honduras. Subspecies S. e. pacifica is found from southwestern Chiapas in Mexico south on the Pacific side through Guatemala into El Salvador. The species inhabits a variety of landscapes characterized by dense vegetation. They include the edges of lowland evergreen forest, secondary forest, second-growth scrublands, brushy clearings, and swampy areas. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 1,250 m (4,100 ft) in Guatemala but only to 750 m (2,500 ft) elsewhere. [6] [7] [8] [9]

Behavior

Movement

The rufous-breasted spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range. [9]

Feeding

The rufous-breasted spinetail feeds mostly on arthropods but also includes small berries in its diet. It usually forages singly or in pairs, gleaning prey from foliage and the ground in dense vegetation. [6] [7] [8]

Breeding

The rufous-breasted spinetail's breeding season has not been fully defined but includes at least late March to September. Both members of a pair build the nest, a dome of thorny sticks that may be half again as long as it is high, with a tunnel entrance and a platform at the tunnel entrance. Its exterior is "thatched" with pieces of bark and stems of several leaf types. The inner chamber has a cup of grass and fine twigs. Most clutches are of three eggs but four are sometimes laid. The incubation period is 17 to 18 days and fledging occurs about 15 days after hatch. Both parents incubate the clutch and provision nestlings. [6]

Vocalization

The rufous-breasted spinetail's song is "a nasal weet!-weet!-weet!-Wur'r'r'r'r'r". [8] Other vocalizations are a "very high, rising slightly shrieking wrutuwit-wít-truw" [7] and " a nasal, emphatic whit'chew" [6] . Its alarm call is a chatter or trill. [6] [8]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the rufous-breasted spinetail as being of Least Concern. It has a large range and its estimated population of at least 50,000 mature individuals is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] "The impacts humans will have on the spinetail will depend on how much acceptable secondary habitat increases compared to the rates of complete deforestation, which is not tolerated by the bird." [6]

Related Research Articles

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The pale-breasted spinetail is a passerine bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad, and in every mainland South American country except Chile and Ecuador.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slaty spinetail</span> Species of bird

The slaty spinetail or slaty castlebuilder,, is a passerine bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found from Honduras south to Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Speckled spinetail</span> Species of bird

The speckled spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chotoy spinetail</span> Species of bird

The chotoy spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great spinetail</span> Species of bird

The great spinetail is a Near Threatened species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dark-breasted spinetail</span> Species of bird

The dark-breasted spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cabanis's spinetail</span> Species of bird

Cabanis's spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-whiskered spinetail</span> Species of bird

The white-whiskered spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apurímac spinetail</span> Species of bird

The Apurimac spinetail is a Vulnerable species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sooty-fronted spinetail</span> Species of bird

The sooty-fronted spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plain-crowned spinetail</span> Species of bird

The plain-crowned spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cinereous-breasted spinetail</span> Species of bird

The cinereous-breasted spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hoary-throated spinetail</span> Species of bird

The hoary-throated spinetail is a Critically Endangered bird species in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil and Guyana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">McConnell's spinetail</span> Species of bird

McConnell's spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marañón spinetail</span> Species of bird

The Maranon spinetail is a Critically Endangered species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ochre-cheeked spinetail</span> Species of bird

The ochre-cheeked spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spix's spinetail</span> Species of bird

Spix's spinetail, previously known as the chicli spinetail, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Necklaced spinetail</span> Species of bird

The necklaced spinetail is a species of ovenbird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Río Orinoco spinetail</span> Species of bird

The Rio Orinoco spinetail, or Orinoco spinetail, is a Near Threatened species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Venezuela and possibly Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chinchipe spinetail</span> Species of bird

The Chinchipe spinetail is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae, the ovenbirds. It is endemic to Peru.

References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2020). "Rufous-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis erythrothorax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22702378A138172991. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22702378A138172991.en . Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  2. 1 2 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  3. HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip retrieved December 13, 2022
  4. Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2023. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2023. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 28, 2023
  5. Derryberry, E. P., S. Claramunt, G. Derryberry, R. T. Chesser, J. Cracraft, A. Aleixo, J. Pérez-Emán, J. V. Remsen, Jr., and R. T. Brumfield. (2011). Lineage diversification and morphological evolution in a large-scale continental radiation: the Neotropical ovenbirds and woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae). Evolution 65(10):2973–2986. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01374.x
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gulson, E. R. (2020). Rufous-breasted Spinetail (Synallaxis erythrothorax), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rubspi2.01 retrieved December 7, 2023
  7. 1 2 3 4 vanPerlo, Ber (2006). Birds of Mexico and Central America. Princeton Illustrated Checklists. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. Plate 59, map 59.1. ISBN   0691120706.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Fagan, Jesse; Komar, Oliver (2016). Field Guide to Birds of Northern Central America. Peterson Field Guides. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 244. ISBN   978-0-544-37326-6.
  9. 1 2 Check-list of North American Birds (7th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union. 1998. p. 348.

Further reading