| Ayacucho antpitta | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Grallariidae |
| Genus: | Grallaria |
| Species: | G. ayacuchensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Grallaria ayacuchensis Hosner, Robbins, Isler, ML & Chesser, 2020 | |
 | |
The Ayacucho antpitta (Grallaria ayacuchensis) is a species of bird in the family Grallaridae. It is endemic to Peru. [1]
The Ayacucho antpitta was formerly believed to be a population of the chestnut antpitta (Grallaria blakei). A pair of studies published in 2020 showed that it is a separate species, and it was formally described by Peter A. Hosner, Mark B. Robbins, Morton L. Isler and R. Terry Chesser. [2] [3] By mid-2022 the International Ornithological Committee, the Clements taxonomy, and the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society had recognized the new species. [4] [5] [6] However, as of early 2024 BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) had not recognized it. [7]
The species' common name and specific name ayacuchensis come from the department of Ayacucho that contains the species' entire range. [2]
The Ayacucho antpitta is about 14 to 15 cm (5.5 to 5.9 in) long; one male (the holotype) weighed 48.4 g (1.7 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have dark reddish yellow-brown crown, nape, ear coverts, upperparts, tail, and wings. Their flight feathers have slightly duskier inner vanes. Their lores, eye area, throat, breast, upper belly, sides, and upper flanks are yellowish-red brown, their lower flanks somewhat darker, their lower belly light buff with sometimes some pale gray mottling, and their undertail coverts pinkish white. They have a dark brown iris, a black bill, and dusky gray legs and feet. [8]
The Ayacucho antpitta is confined the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes in the department of Ayacucho. All confirmed records are west of the Apurímac River and between the Mantaro and Pampas rivers. It is separated from the closely related Oxapampa antpitta (G. centralis) by the Mantaro River and from the Urubamba antpitta (G. occabambae) by the Apurímac River. The species' habitat preferences are not fully known but appear to be the same as those of its former conspecific chestnut antpitta. That species inhabits the understory of humid montane forest and secondary forest, heavy with moss and epiphytes, where it favors stands of bamboo and other dense undergrowth. In elevation the Ayacucho antpitta occurs between 2,400 and 3,900 m (7,900 and 12,800 ft). [3] [8] [9] [10] [ excessive citations ]
The Ayacucho antpitta is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range. [8]
The Ayacucho antpitta's diet and foraging behavior have not been detailed; it is known to eat insects and is assumed to eat other arthropods and perhaps small vertebrates as do other members of genus Grallaria . It is known to forage on or very near the ground. [8]
Nothing definitive is known about the Ayacucho antpitta's breeding biology. [8]
The Ayacucho antpitta's vocalizations were part of the evidence used to define it as a species. Its "trilled long song" is "a fast series of short, clear, slightly downslurred ringing notes at ca. 2.5 kHz and lasting ca. 1.7-2.5 s. The first few notes are very slightly higher in pitch, and the overall duration of individual notes shortens slightly towards the end of the song". Its short song is "a single short, clear downslurred note with a vaguely ringing quality, falling from ca. 2.3 to 1.4 kHz and lasting ca. 0.15 s". Both are subtly different from those of the Oxapampa antpitta. The species is most vocal at dawn and in the early morning. It typically sings from a low perch. [2] [8]
The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy and so has not assessed the Ayacucho antpitta separately from the chestnut antpitta. [11] "The primary threat, at least in the short term, to Ayacucho Antpitta, is habitat destruction primarily through clearing for crops and grazing." [8]
Grallaria is a large genus of Neotropical birds in the antpitta family Grallariidae.
The chestnut antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The tawny antpitta, or western tawny antpitta, is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The bicolored antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
What is now the rufous antpitta complex was long considered to be a single species, Grallaria rufula, with seven subspecies. In 2020 G. rufula was found to be a species complex of 16 species, some of which were newly described. In 2021 the International Ornithological Committee and the Clements taxonomy implemented the split of the rufous antpitta into multiple species and accepted the newly described species. The revised Grallaria rufulasensu stricto, now called the Muisca antpitta, has no subspecies and is thus monotypic according to those taxonomies. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) did not fully implement the split. It retains the name rufous antpitta for Grallaria rufula and retains six of the seven previous subspecies within it. It had split only the former G. r. saltuensis as the Perija antpitta in 2018.
The Chami antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Colombia.
The Cajamarca antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The equatorial antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found is Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The Perija antpitta is a Near Threatened species of bird in the in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Serranía del Perijá on the border of Colombia and Venezuela.
The Sierra Nevada antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia.
The Chachapoyas antpitta, or Graves's antpitta, is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Panao antpitta, also known as O'Neill's antpitta, is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Junin antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Peruvian Department of Junín.
The Bolivian antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described by James Bond and Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee in 1940. It is endemic to Bolivia. It is a member of the rufous antpitta species complex and was elevated from subspecies to species in 2020 on the basis of differences in plumage and vocalizations.
The Puno antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The Urubamba antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described as a subspecies by Frank Chapman in 1923. It is endemic to Peru. It is a member of the rufous antpitta species complex and was elevated from subspecies to species in 2020 on the basis of differences in plumage and vocalization. The same study also described a new subspecies of Urubamba antpitta.
The Muisca antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described by Frédéric de Lafresnaye in 1843. It was formerly called the rufous antpitta, which in 2020 was found to be a species complex composed of as many as 15 species, some of which were newly described. It is found in the Andes of northern Colombia and western Venezuela.
The Oxapampa antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Atuen antpitta, or southern tawny antpitta, is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
