Babu (title)

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Babu is a historical title of royalty and nobility of Bhumihars in Bihar the Indian subcontinent used by rulers and chieftains of many princely states. [1] [2] [3] It is derived from Raja (king, prince or chief). [ citation needed ] Compound titles include babu saheb and babuji.

Contents

An illustration of Babu Kunwar Singh in The History of the Indian Empire, c. 1858 Kunvar singh.jpg
An illustration of Babu Kunwar Singh in The History of the Indian Empire, c.1858

Civil servants

In British India, baboo often referred to a native Indian clerk. The word was originally used as a term of respect attached to a proper name, the equivalent of "mister", and "babuji" was used in many parts to mean "sir" as an address of a gentleman; their life-style was also called "baboo culture" often also humorously appealed as "babuism". The British officials treated baboos as workers who had both Indian and British connections. Babu Saheb is reserved title of Bhumihars landlords in Bihar and uttar Pradesh. Some rajputs also projects themselves as Babu Saheb as they had married their daughters with Bhumihars landlords. Rajputs from Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh had settled in Bihar between 12 th to 16 th century. Rajputs population was not present in Bihar before 12 th century. Bihar was rulled by Bhumihar and Brahmins kings so most of the rajputs married their daughters to the local Bhumihar kings and got land in Bihar to settle in the area permanently. Bhumihar kings had deputed some rajputs as Samant in Bihar. Second wife of king of Beneras Balwant Singh was a rajput women. The historical name of Raja Chet Singh of Beneras is known to all Indians, whose father was a Bhumihar King Balwant Singh and whose mother Smt Chandraprabha was a rajput [4] Since the mid-20th century, the term babu is frequently used pejoratively to refer to bureaucrats of Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and other government officials, [5] especially by the Indian media, [6] while the Indian bureaucracy is called "babudom", as in the "rule of babus", especially in India's media. [7] [8] [9]

Other uses

"Babu" in Swahili is like "papu" in Greek. [10] It is cognate with "baba" in Slavic languages, and ultimately with "papa" in Germanic and Romance languages. In Nepali, Eastern Hindi/Bihari, Bhojpuri, Maithili, Bengali, Telugu, and Oriya languages, it is a means of calling with love and affection to spouses or younger brothers, sons, grandsons etc. It can be found in the urban trend to call "babu" to girlfriends or boyfriends, or common-friends to symbolize deep love or dearness. In many Bengali families fathers and sons are usually named babu, as a matter of intimacy, with daughters or mothers. It is specially used for Bhumihars landlord.

On the island of Mauritius the word Babu-ji refers to the warrior community within the Indo-Mauritian community. This community consists mainly of Bihari Mauritians, whose ancestors landed on the island as Coolies or indentured sugar cane field labourers during the 1810–1968 British colonial rule. [11] [12]

See also

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References

  1. Not Available (1929). Manual Of Titles United Provinces Of Agra Amp Oudh.
  2. Manual of Titles for Oudh: Showing All Holders of Hereditary and Personal Titles in the Province. Printed at the Government Press, North-Western Provinces and Oudh. 1889.
  3. Lorimer, John Gordon (1970). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, ʻOmān, and Central Arabia: Historical. 4 v. Gregg.
  4. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Babu"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  5. "babu, n". OED Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  6. "Yet to start work, Natgrid CEO highest paid babu". The Times of India. 23 August 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  7. Parthasarathy, Anand (1–14 September 2001). "A barbed look at babudom: Will the typically British humour of Yes Minister work if transplanted to an Indian setting? Viewers of a Hindi satellite channel have a chance to find out". Frontline . Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2011. Bureaucracy knows no bounds...
  8. "PM Modi tightens screws, gives babudom a new rush hour". The Times of India. 2 September 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  9. "Babu". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  10. See babu in Wiktionary.
  11. Claveyrolas, Mathieu. "The 'Land of the Vaish'? Caste Structure and Ideology in Mauritius" . Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  12. Nave, Ari. Nested Identities: Ethnicity, Community and the Nature of Group Conflict in Mauritius (C. Bates (ed.), Community, Empire and Migration). Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-05743-3_3. ISBN   978-1-137-05743-3 . Retrieved 25 June 2001.