Bacidina pycnidiata

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Bacidina pycnidiata
Fennoscandian crustose lichens (10.3897-mycokeys.25.13375) Figure 1A.jpg
Apothecia of Bacidina pycnidiata; scale bar is 0.25 mm
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Ramalinaceae
Genus: Bacidina
Species:
B. pycnidiata
Binomial name
Bacidina pycnidiata
(Czarnota & Coppins) Czarnota & Guz.-Krzem. (2018)
Synonyms
  • Bacidia pycnidiataCzarnota & Coppins (2006)

Bacidina pycnidiata is a species of crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is widely distributed in Europe and North Asia. It is characterised by its whitish or cream-coloured pycnidia with long and ostiolar necks.

Contents

Taxonomy

The lichen was formally described as new to science in 2006 by lichenologists Paweł Czarnota and Brian John Coppins. The type specimen was collected by the first author west of the village of Bílá Voda, near a marble quarry (Eastern Sudetes, Golden Mountains, Czech Republic). There, in a mixed spruce-ash forest at an altitude of about 360 m (1,180 ft), it was found growing over bryophytes on marble rocks. The species epithet pycnidiata refers to the long-necked pycnidia that are characteristic of this species. [1]

The lichen was originally placed in the genus Bacidia based largely on the characteristics of the apothecia. The authors noted, however, that some traits of the new species (e.g. a paraplectenchymatous outer exciple; narrow, needle-shaped ascospores; and threadlike conidia) suggested a placement in the segregate genus Bacidina . Due to uncertainties about the circumscription and nomenclature of that group, the authors instead included it in Bacidia sensu lato (in the broad sense). Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the lichen clearly belongs to Bacidina (related to B. inundata and B. caligans ), and so a formal transfer to that genus was proposed by Czarnota and Beata Guzow-Krzemińska in 2018. [2]

Description

The crustose, greyish green thallus of Bacidina pycnidiata comprises tiny granules that are 20–30  μm in diameter. The granules are goniocysts, which are small, roundish aggregations of photobiont cells surrounded by fungal hyphae. The photobiont partner is chlorococcoid (i.e., green algae with a coccoid shape); their cells are either more or less spherical with a diameter of 7–13 μm, or ellipsoid, with dimensions of 8–12 by 5–8 μm. [1]

Pycnidia with long and curved necks; scale bar=0.25 mm Fennoscandian crustose lichens (10.3897-mycokeys.25.13375) Figure 1B.jpg
Pycnidia with long and curved necks; scale bar=0.25 mm

Bacidina pycnidiata produces pale apothecia that are 0.2–0.5 mm in diameter and up to 0.6 mm tall, and range in colour from whitish cream, to flesh-coloured, to pale brownish. Initially, they are constricted at the base with a slightly concave disc and a thick margin; this margin becomes thinner or even disappears in older individuals. The asci are of the Bacidia-type, with a cylindrical shape, a poorly developed or absent ocular chamber, and dimensions of 35–40 by 6–8 μm. Ascospores are needle-shaped (acicular) with three transverse septa, measuring 35–50 by 1–1.2 μm. The pycnidia have a whitish to cream colour (brownish in older specimens) and are more or less spherical with a diameter of 90–190 μm and an ostiolar neck measuring 120–200 μm. [1]

No lichen products were detected in this species using thin-layer chromatography, and the expected results of standard chemical spot tests are all negative. [1]

Habitat and distribution

Bacidina pycnidiata is a pioneer species that grows over bryophytes, both terrestrial and epiphytic. Habitats include both old-growth and managed forests, and anthropogenic areas. Occasionally the lichen has been recorded on tree bark in shaded areas, or growing on other lichens, [3] as was the case with Caucasian specimens found growing on Nephroma parile . [4]

Originally described as having a distribution in mountainous areas of Central Europe, several records of Bacidina pycnidiata have been published that have expanded its known range considerably. It has been recorded from Belgium, [5] the Czech Republic, [6] Estonia, [7] Finland, [8] Lithuania, [9] Mordovia (Russia), [4] Poland, [10] [11] North Caucasus, [12] Siberia, [3] and Ukraine. [13]

Bacidina pycnidiata is part of a community of epiphytic (plant-associated) lichens known as the Lobarion pulmonariae. This includes the following associated lichens: Agonimia allobata , Acrocordia gemmata , Arthonia byssacea , Cetrelia monachorum , Cladonia coniocraea , Cresponea chloroconia , Flavoparmelia caperata , Graphis pulverulenta , Lepraria lobicans , Leptogium cyanescens , Lobaria pulmonaria , Pachyphiale fagicola , Peltigera neckeri , Pertusaria albescens , P. coccodes , Phlyctis argena , Ramalina pollinaria , Scytinium subtile , and S. teretiusculum . The association with wet mosses or the thalli of other lichens has been suggested to help Bacidina pycnidiata maintain a level of humidity essential for growth. [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Bacidina</i> Genus of lichens

Bacidina is a genus of lichens in the family Ramalinaceae. It was circumscribed by Czech lichenologist Antonín Vězda in 1990, with Bacidina phacodes assigned as the type species. Vězda included 11 species in Bacidina, which was originally classified in the Lecideaceae. These species had previously been placed in genus Bacidia.

<i>Bacidia</i> Genus of lichens

Bacidia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Giuseppe De Notaris in 1846. Species in the genus are crust-like lichens with stemless apothecia; they have green algae (chloroccoid) as photobionts. Their asci have 8 colorless, cylindrical to acicular, multiseptate spores, with curved and thread-like conidia.

Crustospathula is a genus of five species of crustose lichens in the family Malmideaceae. They are characterized by their stalked and sometimes branched cartilaginous soredia and Bacidia-like apothecia.

<i>Micarea</i> Genus of lichen

Micarea is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. The widely distributed genus contains 126 species and new species are described actively. Species in the genus are crustose lichens and their photobiont is a single-celled green alga.

Agonimia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Verrucariaceae.

<i>Pilophorus acicularis</i> Species of fungus

Pilophorus acicularis, commonly known as the nail lichen or the devil's matchstick lichen, is a species of matchstick lichen in the family Cladoniaceae.

<i>Lecanora polytropa</i> Species of lichen

Lecanora polytropa, commonly known as the granite-speck rim lichen, is a species of saxicolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. A small, inconspicuous species that grows in the cracks of rock surfaces, it has a cosmopolitan distribution and has been recorded on all continents, including Antarctica.

<i>Psilolechia lucida</i> Species of lichen

Psilolechia lucida is a species of saxicolous lichen in the family Psilolechiaceae. It is widely distributed through the world, where it grows on natural and artificial rocky substrates in the shade, often in sheltered underhangs. It forms a greenish crust on the surface of its substrate.

Atrophysma is a genus in the family Pannariaceae. It contains the single species Atrophysma cyanomelanos, a crustose lichen found only in Alaska.

Waynea cretica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It occurs on the Greek island of Crete and in Portugal.

Micarea pauli is a species of corticolous and lignicolous, crustose lichen in the family Pilocarpaceae. It is only known to occur in Poland's Białowieża Forest.

Bacidina mendax is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in Central and Eastern Europe, where it grows on the bark of twigs and tree branches.

Bacidina flavoleprosa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), leprose (powdery) lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in a single locality in the Czech Republic.

Heteroplacidium zamenhofianum is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-eating) lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. As a juvenile, it is parasitic on some members of the lichen genus Staurothele, but later becomes independent and develops a brown, crustose thallus. Characteristic features of the lichen include its dark brown, somewhat squamulous thallus and relatively small ascospores. It is widely distributed in Europe and North America.

Buelliella lecanorae is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungus in the class Dothideomycetes. It is found in a few locations in Estonia and in Crimea, where it grows parasitically on members of the Lecanora subfusca species group.

Opegrapha verseghyklarae is a little-known species of lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungus in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the Russian Far East, where it grows on the thalli and apothecia of the crustose lichen Ochrolechia pallescens.

Lecidella mandshurica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is found in the Russian Far East, South Korea, and China.

Agonimia flabelliformis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. Found in Europe, it was scientifically described as new to science in 2011 by Josef Halda, Paweł Czarnota, and Beata Guzow-Krzemińska. The type specimen was collected in the Gratzen Mountains at an altitude of 805 m (2,641 ft), where it was found growing on the bark of a beech tree. The thallus of the lichen consists of finger-like (dactyliform) to coral-like (coralloid) aggregations of goniocys]s that form a roundish structure. The species epithet flabelliformis refers to the fan-shaped (flabellate) form of the thallus branches. In addition to Europe, the lichen has also been recorded in eastern North America and the Russian Far East.

Tephromela lignicola is a species of lignicolous (wood-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Tephromelataceae. It is found in the Falkland Islands, where it grows on fenceposts and similar timber.

<i>Dirina fallax</i> Species of lichen

Dirina fallax is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. It is found in the western Mediterranean, the Atlantic coasts of both Africa and Europe, and central Europe, where it grows on siliceous and acidic rocks. In 2017, it was reported from the Abrau Peninsula in Russia.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Czarnota, Paweł; Coppins, Brian J. (2006). "A new Bacidia with long-necked pycnidia from Central Europe". The Lichenologist. 38 (5): 407–410. doi:10.1017/s0024282906005986. S2CID   84598140.
  2. ↑ Czarnota, Paweł; Guzow-Krzemińska, Beata (2018). "Bacidina mendax sp. nov., a new widespread species in Central Europe, together with a new combination within the genus Bacidina". The Lichenologist. 50 (1): 43–57. doi:10.1017/s0024282917000627. S2CID   90382941.
  3. 1 2 Urbanavichene, I.; Palice, Z. (2016). "Rarely recorded lichens and lichen-allied fungi from the territory of the Baikal Reserve – additions for lichen flora of Russia". Turczaninowia. 19 (1): 42–46. doi: 10.14258/turczaninowia.19.1.5 .
  4. 1 2 3 Urbanavichene, Irina; Urbanavichus, Gennadii (2014). "Bacidia pycnidiata discovered in European Russia". Folia Cryptogamica Estonica. 51: 109–111. doi: 10.12697/fce.2014.51.12 .
  5. ↑ Ertz, D.; Diederich, P.; Brand, A.M.; van den Boom, P.; Sérusiaux, E. (2008). "New or interesting lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Belgium, Luxembourg and northern France. XI". Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois. 109: 35–51.
  6. ↑ Vondrák, J.; Halda, J.P.; Malíèek, J.; Müller, A. (2010). "Lichens recorded during the Spring Bryo-lichenological Meeting in Chøiby Mts (Czech Republic), April 2010". Bryonora. 45: 36–42.
  7. ↑ Suija, A.; Leppik, E.; Randlane, T.; Thor, G. (2007). "New Estonian records: lichens and lichenicolous fungi". Folia Cryptogamica Estonica. 43: 73–76.
  8. ↑ Pykälä, J. (2008). "Additions to the lichen ora of Finland. III". Graphis Scripta. 20: 19–27.
  9. ↑ Motiejūnaitė, J.; von Brackel, W.; Stončius, D.; Preikša, Ž. (2011). "Contribution to the Lithuanian flora of lichens and allied fungi. III". Botanica Lithuanica. 17 (1): 39–47.
  10. ↑ Łubek, Anna (2013). "New records of lichens from the Polish uplands" (PDF). Acta Mycologica. 44 (2): 275–282. doi:10.5586/am.2009.026.
  11. ↑ Czarnota, P.; Hernik, E. (2014). "Some peltigericolous microlichens from southern Poland". Acta Botanica Croatica. 73: 159–170. doi: 10.2478/botcro-2013-0025 . S2CID   56018870.
  12. ↑ Urbanavichus, G.P.; Urbanavichene, I.N. (2013). "Addition to the lichen flora of Russia. II. Bacidia pycnidiata". Novosti Sistematiki Nizshih Rastenii (in Russian). 47: 297–301. doi:10.31111/nsnr/2013.47.297.
  13. ↑ Dymytrova, L.V. (2013). "Lichens of the Lisnyky Botanical Preserve (Kyiv) and their indicator values". Ukrainian Botanical Journal. 70 (4): 522–534.
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