Balabansai Formation

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Balabansai Formation
Stratigraphic range: Bathonian-Callovian
~168–164  Ma
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Type Geological formation
Underlies Hodzhiabad Formation [1]
Cretaceous red beds
Overlies Igrysai Svita [1]
ThicknessUp to 250 m (820 ft)
Lithology
Primary Sandstone, siltstone, claystone
Other Gravel, marl
Location
Coordinates 41°18′N72°06′E / 41.3°N 72.1°E / 41.3; 72.1
Approximate paleocoordinates 40°54′N76°12′E / 40.9°N 76.2°E / 40.9; 76.2
Region Ongtustik Qazaqstan oblysy, Jalal-Abad Region
Country Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan
Relief Map of Kyrgyzstan.png
Blue pog.svg
Balabansai Formation (Kyrgyzstan)

The Balabansai Formation (sometimes transcribed Balabansay, [1] also known as Balabansai Svita) is a geological formation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan whose strata date back to the Bathonian and Callovian stages of the Middle Jurassic. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. [2] The lithology primarily consists of variegated sandstones, siltstones, claystones, and rare gravels and marls. [3] Many taxa have been found in the formation, including amphibians [4] and mammals. [5]

Contents

Vertebrate paleofauna

Indeterminate Avialae remains located in Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy, Kazakhstan. [2]

Fish

Fish of the Balabansai Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceNotes
Ferganamia F. verziliniA bowfin
Ferganoceratodus F. jurassicusA lungfish
Palaeobates P. verziliniAn elasmobranch
Polyacrodus P. balabansaiensis, P. prodigialisA hybodont

Amphibians

Amphibians of the Balabansai Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceNotes
Ferganobatrachus [6] F. riabinini Temnospondyl
Kokartus K. honorarius Salamander

Turtles

Turtles of the Balabansai Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceNotes
Toxocheloides T. narynensis
Xinjiangchelys X. tianshanensis, X. latimarginalis Xinjiangchelydae

Lizards

Lizards of the Balabansai Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceNotes
Changetisaurus C. estesiRelative of Dorsetisaurus
Lacertilia Indeterminate

Choristoderes

Choristoderes of the Balabansai Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceNotes
Choristodera IndeterminateSimilar to Cteniogenys

Crocodyliformes

Crocodyliformes
GenusSpeciesPresenceNotes
Sunosuchus Indeterminate

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotes

Praeornis [2]

P. sharovi [2]

Geographically located in Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy, Kazakhstan. [2]
Alpkarakush [7] A. kyrgyzicusJalal-Abad Oblast, KyrgyzstanA partial skeleton including skull bones, partial pectoral and pelvic girdles, dorsal and sacral vertebrae, and most of the hindlimbsA metriacanthosaurid theropod
Ferganasaurus [8] F. verziliniLocated within KyrgyzstanBasal sauropod
Ferganocephale [3] F. adenticulatumLocated within KyrgyzstanDubious taxon, Neornithischia indet.
Neosauropoda indet. [3] Family, genus and species indeterminateKyrgyzstanA heavily worn tooth, the apex of a tooth crown, a left metatarsal I, and a right manual phalanx
Tetanurae indet. [3] Family, genus and species indeterminateKyrgyzstanDozens of teeth
Stegosauria indet. [9] Family, genus and species indeterminateKyrgyzstanFour posterior dorsal vertebraeMay be as old as Adratiklit . Remains not diagnostic, given nomen nudum "Ferganastegos" by Roman Ulansky.

Pterosaurs

Mammals
GenusSpeciesPresenceNotes
Rhamphorhynchinae indet. [3] Genus and species indeterminateKyrgyzstan

Mammals

Mammals
GenusSpeciesPresenceNotes
Ferganodon F. cf. naryensisA eutriconodont
Paritatodon IndeterminateA docodont or a shuotheriid
Simpsonodon IndeterminateA docodont, multiple species present
Tashkumyrodon [10] T. desideratusA docodont
Amphilestidae Indeterminate
Amphitheriidae Indeterminate
Docodonta Indeterminate
Paurodontidae Indeterminate
Tegotheriidae Indeterminate
Tinodontidae Indeterminate
Triconodontidae Indeterminate

Invertebrate paleofauna

Molluscs

GenusSpeciesPresenceNotes
Proparreysia [11] "P. thashkumyrica"A bivalve
Sulcatapex [11] "S. chatkalica"A bivalve
Yeniella [11] "Y. asiatica", "Y. sculpturata"A bivalve

Flora

Conifers

GenusSpeciesPresenceNotes
Podozamites [11] P. lanceolatus

Ferns

GenusSpeciesPresenceNotes
Cladophlebis [11] C. whitbiensis
Coniopteris [11] C. furssenkoi, C. hymenophylloides

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 De Pelsmaeker, Elien; Jolivet, Marc; Laborde, Amandine; Poujol, Marc; Robin, Cécile; Zhimulev, Fedor I.; Nachtergaele, Simon; Glorie, Stijn; De Clercq, Shana; Batalev, Vladislav Yu.; De Grave, Johan (2018). "Source-to-sink dynamics in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan from the Jurassic to the Paleogene: Insights from sedimentological and detrital zircon U-Pb analyses" (PDF). Gondwana Research. 54: 180–204. Bibcode:2018GondR..54..180D. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2017.09.004. ISSN   1342-937X.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Jurassic, Asia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 550–552. ISBN   0-520-24209-2.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 AVERIANOV, ALEXANDER O.; MARTIN, THOMAS; BAKIROV, AIZEK A. (January 2005). "Pterosaur and dinosaur remains from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai Svita in the northern Fergana Depression, Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia)". Palaeontology. 48 (1): 135–155. Bibcode:2005Palgy..48..135A. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2004.00437.x . ISSN   0031-0239. S2CID   55249438.
  4. Skutschas, Pavel P. (2013-10-01). "Mesozoic salamanders and albanerpetontids of Middle Asia, Kazakhstan, and Siberia". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 93 (4): 441–457. Bibcode:2013PdPe...93..441S. doi:10.1007/s12549-013-0126-8. ISSN   1867-1594. S2CID   140159226.
  5. Martin, Thomas; Averianov, Alexander O. (2010-05-18). "Mammals from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai Formation of the Fergana Depression, Kyrgyzstan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 855–871. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..855M. doi:10.1080/02724631003758045. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   128716878.
  6. AVERIANOV, ALEXANDER O.; MARTIN, THOMAS; SKUTSCHAS, PAVEL P.; REZVYI, ANTON S.; BAKIROV, AIZEK A. (2008-01-25). "Amphibians from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai Svita in the Fergana Depression, Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia)". Palaeontology. 51 (2): 471–485. Bibcode:2008Palgy..51..471A. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00748.x . ISSN   0031-0239.
  7. Rauhut, Oliver W M; Bakirov, Aizek A; Wings, Oliver; Fernandes, Alexandra E; Hübner, Tom R (2024-08-01). "A new theropod dinosaur from the Callovian Balabansai Formation of Kyrgyzstan". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 201 (4). doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae090 . ISSN   0024-4082.
  8. Alifanov, Vladimir R.; Averianov, Alexander O. (2003-06-17). "Ferganasaurus verzilini, gen. et sp. nov., a new neosauropod (Dinosauria, Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Fergana Valley, Kirghizia" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 23 (2): 358–372. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2003)023[0358:fvgesn]2.0.co;2. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   85902362.
  9. Averianov, A. O.; Bakirov, A. A.; Martin, T. (2007). "First definitive stegosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 81 (4): 440–446. Bibcode:2007PalZ...81..440A. doi:10.1007/BF02990255. ISSN   0031-0220. S2CID   129163170.
  10. Martin, Thomas; Averianov, Alexander O. (2004-03-25). "A new docodont (Mammalia) from the Middle Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan, central Asia" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (1): 195–201. Bibcode:2004JVPal..24..195M. doi:10.1671/15. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   55118845.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Кузичкина, Ю. М. (1979). "Балабансайская Свита". In Министерство геологии СССР (ed.). Стратиграфический словарь СССР: Триас, Юра, Мелсборник [Stratigraphic Dictionary of the USSR: Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous](PDF). Leningrad: Недра. p. 49.