| Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Proteales |
| Family: | Proteaceae |
| Genus: | Banksia |
| Species: | |
| Subspecies: | B. i. subsp. integrifolia |
| Trinomial name | |
| Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia | |
Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia is a subspecies of Banksia integrifolia .
Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia can be distinguished from the other subspecies of B. integrifolia by its slightly smaller, broader leaves, which are also somewhat duller than those of B. integrifolia subsp. compar. [1] [2] [3]
The type material for B. integrifolia subsp. integrifolia was first collected at Botany Bay on 29 April 1770 by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr Daniel Solander, naturalists on the Endeavour during Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook's first voyage to the Pacific Ocean. [4] [5] Published as "Banksia integrifolia L.f." by Carolus Linnaeus the Younger in April 1782, it was maintained at species rank until 1913, when Frederick Bailey published B. integrifolia var. compar. This created the autonym Banksia integrifolia L.f. var. integrifolia. [6] In 1994, Kevin Thiele promoted B. integrifolia var. compar to subspecies rank, publishing another subspecies at the same time. This had the effect of promoting the autonym to subspecies rank also, thus creating B. integrifolia L.f. subsp. integrifolia. [7] [8]
Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia is generally found on infertile, sandy soils within 50 kilometres (30 mi) of the coast. [7] Endemic to Australia, it occurs from around Bundaberg, Queensland south along the coast to Geelong, Victoria. [9] There are records of collections on islands in Bass Strait, but it appears to be extinct there now. [3]
Banksia integrifolia, commonly known as the coast banksia, is a species of tree that grows along the east coast of Australia. One of the most widely distributed Banksia species, it occurs between Victoria and Central Queensland in a broad range of habitats, from coastal dunes to mountains. It is highly variable in form, but is most often encountered as a tree up to 25 metres (82 ft) in height. Its leaves have dark green upper surfaces and white undersides, a contrast that can be striking on windy days.
Banksia ser. Salicinae is a valid botanic name for a series of Banksia. First published by Carl Meissner in 1856, the name has had three circumscriptions.
The taxonomy of Banksia integrifolia has a long and complex history, the result of confusion caused by the species' great variability, and similarities with some closely related species. The existence of hybrids between B. integrifolia and related species as well as early attempts to classify the species based on dried specimen material have also contributed to the confusion.
Banksia integrifolia subsp. compar is a subspecies of Banksia integrifolia. It has larger, glossier leaves than other subspecies, and occurs much further north.
Banksia integrifolia subsp. monticola, commonly known as White Mountain banksia, is a subspecies of Banksia integrifolia. Described in 1994, it occurs in the Blue Mountains and in northern New South Wales. It contains the largest recorded Banksia trees.
Banksia ser. Cyrtostylis is a taxonomic series within the plant genus Banksia. First published at sectional rank by George Bentham in 1870, it was demoted to a series by Alex George in 1981. The name has had three circumscriptions.
Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges taxonomic arrangement of Banksia, published in 1996, was a novel taxonomic arrangement that was intended to align the taxonomy of Banksia more closely with the phylogeny that they had inferred from their cladistic analysis of the genus. It replaced Alex George's 1981 arrangement, but most aspects were not accepted by George, and it was soon replaced by a 1999 revision of George's arrangement. However some herbaria have continued to follow Thiele and Ladiges on some points.
Alex George's taxonomic arrangement of Banksia was the first modern-day arrangement for that genus. First published in 1981 in the classic monograph The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae), it superseded the arrangement of George Bentham, which had stood for over a hundred years. It was overturned in 1996 by Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges, but restored by George in 1999. A recent publication by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele suggests that it will soon be overturned again.
Banksia spinulosa var. cunninghamii, sometimes given species rank as Banksia cunninghamii, is a shrub that grows along the east coast of Australia, in Victoria and New South Wales. It is a fast-growing non-lignotuberous shrub or small tree infrequently cultivated.
Banksia bipinnatifida subsp. bipinnatifida is a subspecies of Banksia bipinnatifida. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra bipinnatifida subsp. bipinnatifida until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.
Banksia borealis subsp. borealis is a subspecies of Banksia borealis. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra borealis subsp. borealis until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.
Banksia ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpa is a subspecies of Banksia ionthocarpa. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.
Banksia mucronulata subsp. mucronulata is a subspecies of Banksia mucronulata (swordfish dryandra). As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra mucronulata subsp. mucronulata until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.
Banksia plumosa subsp. plumosa is a subspecies of Banksia plumosa. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra plumosa subsp. plumosa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.
Banksia pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia is a subspecies of Banksia pteridifolia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.
Banksia squarrosa subsp. squarrosa is a subspecies of Banksia squarrosa, commonly called "pingle". As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra squarrosa subsp. squarrosa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.
Banksia splendida subsp. splendida is a subspecies of Banksia splendida. It was known as Dryandra speciosa subsp. speciosa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia speciosa had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. speciosa and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
Banksia prolata subsp. prolata is a subspecies of Banksia prolata. It was known as Dryandra longifolia subsp. longifolia until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia longifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. longifolia and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
Banksia dallanneyi var. dallanneyi is a variety of Banksia dallanneyi subsp. dallanneyi. It was known as Dryandra lindleyana var. lindleyana until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia lindleyana had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. lindleyana and hence for this variety of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
Banksia dallanneyi subsp. dallanneyi is a subspecies of Banksia dallanneyi. It was known as Dryandra lindleyana subsp. lindleyana until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia lindleyana had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. lindleyana and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
