Batrachospermaceae

Batrachospermaceae ^[1] is a family of freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta), a group of reddish plants found in rivers and streams. These algae have a distinct life cycle called the "Lemanea-type," starting with small reproductive cells known as carpospores that grow into a form called chantransia. This leads to a sporophyte phase, during which a process called meiosis—where cells divide to create new reproductive cells—takes place in a specialized cell at the filament’s tip, known as the apical cell, responsible for growth. This division results in the gametophyte, the stage of the algae that produces reproductive structures. ^[2] Various genera within this family are listed in the table below.

The structure of Batrachospermaceae is remarkable for its organization: each filament, or thread-like strand, grows from a single apical cell, a feature termed uniaxial. ^[3] Inside their cells, they have pit connections—structures with two cap layers, one of which is enlarged—that help maintain strength and linkage between cells. ^[2] These characteristics make Batrachospermaceae a notable group within the study of freshwater algae.

Batrachospermaceae
Batrachospermum moniliforme
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Archaeplastida
Division:	Rhodophyta
Class:	Florideophyceae
Order:	Batrachospermales
Family:	Batrachospermaceae C.Agardh
Genera [4]
Acaropsporophycos Necchi, 2019 Balliopsis G.W.Saunders & Necchi, 2002 Batrachospermum Roth, 1797 Kumanoa Entwisle, M.L.Vis, W.B.Chiasson, Necchi & A.R.Sherwood, 2009 Lympha J.R.Evans, M.L.Vis & I.S. Chapuis, 2017 Montagnia Necchi & M.L.Vis 2019 Nocturama Entwisle & M.L.Vis, 2016 Nothocladus Skuja, 1934 Petrohua G.W.Saunders, 2007 Psilosiphon Entwisle, 1989 Sheathia Salomaki & M.L.Vis, 2014 Sirodotia Kylin, 1912 Torularia Bonnemaison 1828 Tuomeya Harvey, 1858 Virescentia (Sirodot), Necchi, D.C.Agostinho & M.L.Vis, 2018 Visia Necchi 2019 Volatus I.S. Chapuis & M.L.Vis, 2017

Genera in Batrachospermaceae

Genus	Authority	Number of species
Acarposporophycos [5]	Necchi	1
Balliopsis [6]	G.W. Saunders & Necchi	1
Batrachospermum [7]	Roth	34
Kumanoa [8] [9]	Entwisle, M.L.Vis, W.B.Chiasson, Necchi & A.R.Sherwood	39
Lympha [10]	J.R.Evans, I.S.Chapuis & M.L.Vis	1
Montagnia [11]	Necchi, M.L.Vis & A.S.Garcia	2
Nocturama [12]	Entwisle & M.L.Vis	2
Nothocladus [13]	Skuja	18
Petrohua [14]	G.W.Saunders	1
Psilosiphon [15] [13]	Entwisle	1
Sheathia [16]	Salomaki & M.L.Vis	19
Sirodotia [17] [18]	Kylin	5
Torularia [19] [20]	Bonnemaison	4
Tuomeya [21] [22]	Harvey	1
Virescentia [23]	(Sirodot) Necchi, D.C.Agostinho & M.L.Vis	7
Visia [5]	Necchi	4
Volatus [24]	I.S.Chapuis & M.L.Vis	3

References

1. Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (20 November 2019). "Family Batrachospermaceae". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.
2. Entwisle, Timothy J.; Vis, Morgan L.; Chiasson, Wayne B.; Necchi, Orlando Jr.; Sherwood, Alison R. (2009). "Systematics of the Batrachospermales (rhodophyta)—a Synthesis1". Journal of Phycology. 45 (3): 704–715. Bibcode:2009JPcgy..45..704E. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00686.x. ISSN   1529-8817. PMID   27034046. S2CID   37719928.
3. Lee, Robert Edward (2018). Phycology. Cambridge Core. doi:10.1017/9781316407219. ISBN   978-1-316-40721-9 . Retrieved 2019-11-19.
4. "Batrachospermaceae C.Agardh, 1824". World Register of Marine Species. 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
5. Necchi, Orlando Jr.; Filho, Auro Garcia; Paiano, Monica O. (2019). "Revision of Batrachospermum sections Acarposporophytum and Aristata (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with the establishment of the new genera Acarposporophycos and Visia". Phytotaxa. 395 (2): 51–65. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.395.2.1. ISSN   1179-3163. S2CID   92415517.
6. Saunders, Gary; Necchi Jr., Orlando (2002-01-01). "Nuclear rDNA sequences from Ballia prieurii support recognition of Balliopsis gen. nov. in the Batrachospermales (Florideophyceae, Rhodophyta)". Phycologia. 41 (1): 61–67. Bibcode:2002Phyco..41...61S. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-41-1-61.1. S2CID   86042629.
7. Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (20 November 2019). "Family Batrachospermaceae". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.
8. "Kumanoa Entwisle, M.L.Vis, W.B.Chiasson, Necchi & A.R.Sherwood, 2009 :: Algaebase". www.algaebase.org. Retrieved 2019-10-24.
9. Entwisle, T.J.; Vis, M.L.; Chiasson, W.B.; Necchi, O. Jr.; Sherwood, A.R. (2009). "Systematics of the Batrachospermales (Rhodophyta) - a synthesis" (PDF). Journal of Phycology. 45 (3): 704–715. Bibcode:2009JPcgy..45..704E. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00686.x. PMID   27034046. S2CID   37719928.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
10. Evans, Joshua R.; Chapuis, Iara S.; Vis, Morgan L. (2017). "Adding to the freshwater red algal diversity in North America: Lympha mucosa gen. et sp. nov. (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta)". Algae. 32 (3): 171–179. doi: 10.4490/algae.2017.32.9.8 . ISSN   1226-2617.
11. Necchi, Orlando Jr.; Fo, Auro Silva Garcia; Paiano, Monica O.; Vis, Morgan L. (2019-11-02). "Revision of Batrachospermum section Macrospora (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with the establishment of the new genus Montagnia". Phycologia. 58 (6): 582–591. Bibcode:2019Phyco..58..582N. doi:10.1080/00318884.2019.1624143. hdl: 11449/196400 . ISSN   0031-8884. S2CID   203412057.
12. Entwisle, Timothy J.; Johnston, Emily T.; Lam, Daryl W.; Stewart, Sarah A.; Vis, Morgan L. (2016). "Nocturama gen. nov., Nothocladus s. lat. and other taxonomic novelties resulting from the further resolution of paraphyly in Australasian members of Batrachospermum (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta)". Journal of Phycology. 52 (3): 384–396. Bibcode:2016JPcgy..52..384E. doi:10.1111/jpy.12401. ISSN   1529-8817. PMID   27273531. S2CID   25810620.
13. Craig W. Schneider and, Michael J. Wynne (2007). "A synoptic review of the classification of red algal genera a half century after Kylin's "Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen"". Botanica Marina. 50 (4): 197–249. doi:10.1515/bot.2007.025. S2CID   85986778.
14. Vis, Morgan L.; Harper, James T.; Saunders, Gary W. (2007). "Large subunit rDNA and rbcL gene sequence data place Petrohua bernabei gen. et sp. nov. in the Batrachospermales (Rhodophyta), but do not provide further resolution among taxa in this order". Phycological Research. 55 (2): 103–112. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1835.2007.00453.x. ISSN   1440-1835. S2CID   86522456.
15. Entwisle, T.J. (1989). "Psilosiphon scoparium gen. et sp. nov. (Lemaneaceae), a new red alga from south-eastern Australian streams". Phycologia. 28 (4): 469–475. Bibcode:1989Phyco..28..469E. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-28-4-469.1.
16. Salomaki, Eric D.; Kwandrans, Janina; Eloranta, Pertti; Vis, Morgan L. (2014). "Molecular and morphological evidence for Sheathia gen. nov. (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) and three new species". Journal of Phycology. 50 (3): 526–542. Bibcode:2014JPcgy..50..526S. doi:10.1111/jpy.12179. ISSN   1529-8817. PMID   26988325. S2CID   13351303.
17. Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2017. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?id=5033; searched on 20 August 2017.
18. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-20. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
19. Rossignolo, Natalia L.; Necchi, Orlando Jr. (2016). "Revision of section Setacea of the genus Batrachospermum (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with emphasis on specimens from Brazil". Phycologia. 55 (4): 337–346. Bibcode:2016Phyco..55..337R. doi:10.2216/15-144.1. ISSN   0031-8884. S2CID   87749796.
20. Wynne, Michael (2019). "Torularia Bonnemaison, 1828, a generic name to be reinstated for Atrophycus Necchi & Rossignolo 2017". ResearchGate.
21. Harvey, W.H. (1858). "Nereis boreali-americana: or, contributions to a history of the marine Algae of North America. Part III. Chlorospermeae". Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. 10: 1–140.
22. Sheath, Robert G. (2003). Freshwater Algae of North America, Ecology & Classification . San Diego: Academic Press. pp.  197–224. ISBN   978-0-12-741550-5.
23. Necchi, Orlando Jr.; Agostinho, Douglas C.; Vis, Morgan L. (2018). "Revision of Batrachospermum Section Virescentia (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with the Establishment of the New Genus, Virescentia Stat. nov". Cryptogamie, Algologie. 39 (3): 313–338. doi:10.7872/crya/v39.iss3.2018.313. ISSN   0181-1568. S2CID   92778905.
24. Chapuis, Iara S.; Necchi, Orlando Jr.; Zuccarello, Giuseppe C.; Xie, Shu-Lian; Aboal, Marina; Castillo, Pedro M. Sánchez; Vis, Morgan L. (2017). "A new genus, Volatus and four new species of Batrachospermum sensu stricto (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta)". Phycologia. 56 (4): 454–468. Bibcode:2017Phyco..56..454C. doi:10.2216/16-73.1. ISSN   0031-8884. S2CID   89721478.