Benkara

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Benkara
Benkara malabarica.jpg
Benkara malabarica
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Subfamily: Ixoroideae
Tribe: Gardenieae
Genus: Benkara
Adans.
Type species
Benkara malabarica
(Lam.) Tirveng.
Synonyms

Benkara is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and subtropical Asia from India east to China and the Ryukyu Islands, south to Java and the Philippines. [1] It was described by Michel Adanson in 1763. [2]

Contents

Species

Related Research Articles

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Bambusa is a large genus of clumping bamboos. Most species of Bambusa are rather large, with numerous branches emerging from the nodes, and one or two much larger than the rest. The branches can be as long as 11 m (35 ft).

<i>Cymbopogon</i> Genus of grasses

Cymbopogon, also known as lemongrass, barbed wire grass, silky heads, Cochin grass, Malabar grass, oily heads or fever grass, is a genus of Asian, African, Australian, and tropical island plants in the grass family. Some species are commonly cultivated as culinary and medicinal herbs because of their scent, resembling that of lemons . The name cymbopogon derives from the Greek words kymbe and pogon "which mean [that] in most species, the hairy spikelets project from boat-shaped spathes."

<i>Dendrocalamus</i> Genus of grasses

Dendrocalamus is a tropical Asian genus of giant clumping bamboos in the grass family. It is found in the Indian subcontinent, China, and Southeast Asia.

<i>Arisaema</i> Genus of plants

Arisaema is a large and diverse genus of the flowering plant family Araceae. The largest concentration of species is in China and Japan, with other species native to other parts of southern Asia as well as eastern and central Africa, Mexico and eastern North America. Asiatic species are often called cobra lilies, while western species are often called jack-in-the-pulpit; both names refer to the distinctive appearance of the flower, which consists of an erect central spadix rising from a spathe.

<i>Typhonium</i>

Typhonium is a genus in the family Araceae native to eastern and southern Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. It is most often found growing in wooded areas.

  1. Typhonium acetosellaGagnep. - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
  2. Typhonium adnatumHett. & Sookch. - Thailand
  3. Typhonium albidinerviumC.Z.Tang & H.Li - Guangdong, Hainan, Laos, Thailand
  4. Typhonium albispathumBogner - Thailand
  5. Typhonium alismifoliumF.Muell. - Queensland, Northern Territory
  6. Typhonium angustilobumF.Muell. - Queensland, New Guinea
  7. Typhonium bachmaenseV.D.Nguyen & Hett. - Vietnam
  8. Typhonium baoshanenseZ.L.Dao & H.Li - Yunnan
  9. Typhonium blumeiNicolson & Sivad. - Japan, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, much of China, Bangladesh, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; nautralized in Madagascar, Mauritius, Comoros, Borneo, Philippines, West Indies
  10. Typhonium bognerianumJ.Murata & Sookch. - Thailand
  11. Typhonium browniiSchott - Queensland, New South Wales
  12. Typhonium bulbiferumDalzell - southern India
  13. Typhonium circinnatumHett. & J.Mood - Vietnam
  14. Typhonium cochleareA.Hay - Bangladesh, Northern Territory of Australia
  15. Typhonium cordifoliumS.Y.Hu - Thailand
  16. Typhonium digitatumHett. & Sookch. - Thailand
  17. Typhonium echinulatumHett. & Sookch. - Thailand
  18. Typhonium eliosurum(F.Muell. ex Benth.) O.D.Evans - New South Wales
  19. Typhonium filiformeRidl. - Thailand, Malaysia
  20. Typhonium flagelliforme(G.Lodd.) Blume - Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Territory
  21. Typhonium fultumRidl. - Thailand, Malaysia
  22. Typhonium gagnepainiiJ.Murata & Sookch. - Thailand, Cambodia
  23. Typhonium gallowayiHett. & Sookch. - Thailand
  24. Typhonium glaucumHett. & Sookch. - Thailand
  25. Typhonium griseumHett. & Sookch. - Thailand
  26. Typhonium hayataeSriboonma & J.Murata - Vietnam
  27. Typhonium huenseNguyen & Croat - Vietnam
  28. Typhonium hunanenseH.Li & Z.Q.Liu - Hunan
  29. Typhonium inopinatumPrain - India, Myanmar, Thailand
  30. Typhonium jinpingenseZ.L.Wang, H.Li & F.H.Bian - Yunnan
  31. Typhonium johnsonianumA.Hay & S.M.Taylor - Northern Territory of Australia
  32. Typhonium jonesiiA.Hay - Northern Territory of Australia
  33. Typhonium laoticumGagnep. - Thailand, Laos
  34. Typhonium liliifoliumF.Muell. ex Schott - Northern Territory, Western Australia
  35. Typhonium lineareHett. & V.D.Nguyen - Vietnam
  36. Typhonium listeriPrain - Assam, Bangladesh, Myanmar
  37. Typhonium medusaeHett. & Sookch. - Thailand
  38. Typhonium mirabile(A.Hay) A.Hay - Melville Island of Australia
  39. Typhonium neogracileJ.Murata - Assam, Bangladesh, Myanmar
  40. Typhonium nudibaccatumA.Hay - Western Australia
  41. Typhonium orbifoliumHett. & Sookch. - Thailand
  42. Typhonium pedatisectumGage - Myanmar
  43. Typhonium pedunculatumHett. & Sookch. - Thailand
  44. Typhonium peltandroidesA.Hay, M.D.Barrett & R.L.Barrett - Western Australia
  45. Typhonium penicillatumV.D.Nguyen & Hett. - Vietnam
  46. Typhonium pottingeriPrain - Myanmar
  47. Typhonium praecoxJ.Murata - Myanmar
  48. Typhonium praetermissumA.Hay - Northern Territory of Australia
  49. Typhonium pusillumSookch., V.D.Nguyen & Hett. - Thailand
  50. Typhonium reflexumHett. & Sookch. - Thailand
  51. Typhonium roxburghiiSchott - Taiwan, Yunnan, Bonin Islands, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, western Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea; naturalized in Western Australia, eastern Brazil, Tanzania
  52. Typhonium russell-smithiiA.Hay - Northern Territory of Australia
  53. Typhonium sagittariifoliumGagnep. - Thailand
  54. Typhonium saraburiensisSookch., Hett. & J.Murata - Thailand
  55. Typhonium sinhabaedyaeHett. & A.Galloway - Thailand
  56. Typhonium smitinandiiSookch. & J.Murata - Thailand
  57. Typhonium stigmatilobatumV.D.Nguyen - Vietnam
  58. Typhonium subglobosumHett. & Sookch. - Thailand
  59. Typhonium tayloriiA.Hay - Northern Territory of Australia
  60. Typhonium trifoliatumF.T.Wang & H.S.Lo ex H.Li, Y.Shiao & S.L.Tseng - Mongolia, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi
  61. Typhonium trilobatum(L.) Schott - southern China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina; naturalized in Windward Islands, Ivory Coast, Borneo, Philippines
  62. Typhonium tubispathumHett. & A.Galloway - Thailand
  63. Typhonium variansHett. & Sookch. - Thailand
  64. Typhonium vermiformeV.D.Nguyen & Croat - Vietnam
  65. Typhonium violifoliumGagnep. - Myanmar, Thailand
  66. Typhonium watanabeiJ.Murata, Sookch. & Hett. - Thailand
  67. Typhonium weipanumA.Hay - Queensland
  68. Typhonium wilbertiiA.Hay
<i>Homonoia</i> (plant)

Homonoia is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described in 1790. These are rheophytes and usually found in groups at riverbanks in India, southern China, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea.

  1. Homonoia intermediaHaines - India
  2. Homonoia retusa Müll.Arg. - India
  3. Homonoia riparia Lour. - Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Cambodia, India, Assam, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Maluku, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, New Guinea, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
<i>Tainia</i>

Tainia, commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the distributed from India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia to New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Queensland.

<i>Odontochilus</i>

Odontochilus is a small genus from the orchid family (Orchidaceae). These terrestrial, mycoparasitic orchids occur from China, Japan, the Himalayas, Southeast Asia, New Guinea and Melanesia. The genus is related to Gonatostylis, endemic to New Caledonia.

<i>Pothos</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Pothos is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Australia, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

<i>Plectocomia</i> Genus of plants

Plectocomia is a genus of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae native to China, the Himalayas, and Southeast Asia. It contains the following known species:

<i>Anodendron</i>

Anodendron is a genus of plant in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1844. It is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and some islands of the western Pacific.

  1. Anodendron affine(Hook. & Arn.) Druce - China, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh
  2. Anodendron axillareMerr. - Philippines, Borneo, W Malaysia, Java, Sumatra
  3. Anodendron benthamianumHemsl. - Taiwan
  4. Anodendron borneense(King & Gamble) D.J.Middleton - Borneo, Palawan
  5. Anodendron candolleanumWight - Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Philippines
  6. Anodendron coriaceum(Blume) Miq. - Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores
  7. Anodendron gracile(King & Gamble) D.J.Middleton - Borneo, Palawan, W Malaysia
  8. Anodendron howiiTsiang - Guangxi, Hainan
  9. Anodendron nervosumKerr - Yunnan, Assam, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Java, Sumatra
  10. Anodendron oblongifoliumHemsl. - Borneo, Philippines, Maluku, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
  11. Anodendron paniculatum(Roxb.) A.DC. - India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Andaman & Nicobar Is, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
  12. Anodendron pauciflorumHook.f - Borneo, W Malaysia, Sumatra
  13. Anodendron punctatumTsiang - Cambodia, Thailand, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan
  14. Anodendron seramenseD.J.Middleton - Maluku
  15. Anodendron tubulosum(Ridl. ex Burkill & M.R.Hend.) D.J.Middleton - W Malaysia, Sumatra
  16. Anodendron whitmoreiD.J.Middleton - Maluku, New Guinea, Solomon Islands
  17. Anodendron wrayiKing & Gamble - W Malaysia
<i>Mycaranthes</i>

Mycaranthes is a genus of orchids. It was previously considered as a synonym of the genus Eria, but eventually it has become an accepted name. Its species are native to Southeast Asia, China, the Himalayas and New Guinea.

  1. M. anceps(Leav.) Cootes & W.Suarez - Palawan, Negros
  2. M. candoonensis(Ames) Cootes & W.Suarez - Mindanao
  3. M. citrina(Ridl.) Rauschert - Palawan, Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia
  4. M. clemensiae(Leav.) Cootes & W.Suarez - Philippines
  5. M. davaensis(Ames) Cootes & W.Suarez - Mindanao
  6. M. depauperataJ.J.Wood - Sabah
  7. Mycaranthes floribunda(D.Don) S.C.Chen & J.J.Wood - Yunnan, Assam, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Borneo
  8. M. forbesiana(Kraenzl.) Rauschert - Sumatra
  9. M. gigantea(Ames) Cootes & W.Suarez - Philippines
  10. M. hawkesii(A.H.Heller) Rauschert - New Guinea
  11. M. lamellata(Ames) Cootes & W.Suarez - Leyte, Mindanao
  12. M. latifoliaBlume - Indonesia, Malaysia
  13. M. leucotricha(Schltr.) Rauschert - New Guinea
  14. M. lobataBlume - Indonesia
  15. M. longibracteata(Leav.) Cootes & W.Suarez - Philippines#
  16. Mycaranthes magnicallosa(Ames & C.Schweinf.) J.J.Wood - Sabah
  17. M. major(Ridl.) J.J.Wood - Borneo, Maluku, Philippines
  18. Mycaranthes melaleuca(Ridl.) J.J.Wood - Borneo
  19. Mycaranthes meliganensisJ.J.Wood - Sabah
  20. M. merguensis(Lindl.) Rauschert - Myanmar, Thailand
  21. M. mindanaensis(Ames) Cootes & W.Suarez - Capiz, Sibuyan
  22. M. monostachya(Lindl.) Rauschert - Java, Sumatra
  23. M. nieuwenhuisii(J.J.Sm.) Rauschert - Borneo
  24. M. obliquaLindl. - Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra
  25. M. oblitterataBlume -Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Bali
  26. M. padangensis(Schltr.) Brieger - Sumatra
  27. Mycaranthes pannea(Lindl.) S.C.Chen & J.J.Wood - Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Tibet, Yunnan, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Assam, Borneo, Sumatra, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
  28. M. rhinoceros(Ridl.) Rauschert - Sumatra
  29. M. schistoloba(Schltr.) Rauschert - Sumatra
  30. M. sonkaris(Rchb.f.) Rauschert - Sumatra, Borneo, Sumbawa
  31. M. stenophylla(Schltr.) Rauschert - New Guinea
  32. M. tjadasmalangensis(J.J.Sm.) Rauschert - Java, Sumatra
  33. M. tricuspidata(Rolfe) Rauschert - Sulawesi
  34. M. vanoverberghii(Ames) Cootes, D.P.Banks & W.Suarez - Philippines
<i>Pholidota</i> (plant)

Pholidota, commonly known as rattlesnake orchids, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are clump-forming epiphytes or lithophytes with pseudobulbs, each with a single large leaf and a large number of small, whitish flowers arranged in two ranks along a thin, wiry flowering stem that emerges from the top of the pseudobulb. There are about thirty five species native to areas from tropical and subtropical Asia to the southwestern Pacific.

<i>Urceola</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Urceola is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1798. It is native to China, the Himalayas, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea.

  1. Urceola brachysepalaHook.f. - Borneo, Java, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines
  2. Urceola elasticaRoxb. - Borneo, Java, W Malaysia, Sumatra
  3. Urceola huaitingii(Chun & Tsiang) Mabb. - Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan
  4. Urceola javanica(Blume) Boerl. - Borneo, Java, Maluku, Sumatra, Sulawesi, New Guinea
  5. Urceola laevis(Elmer) Merr. - Palawan, Sabah, Sulawesi
  6. Urceola lakhimpurensis(S.K.Srivast. & Mehrotra) Karthik. & Moorthy - Assam
  7. Urceola latifolia(Pierre ex Spire) Mabb. - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
  8. Urceola lucida(A.DC.) Benth. ex Kurz - Myanmar, Thailand, W Malaysia, Sumatra
  9. Urceola malayanaMabb. - Cameron Highlands of W Malaysia
  10. Urceola micrantha(Wall. ex G.Don) Mabb. - Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Tibet, Yunnan, Ryukyu Islands, Assam, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh, Nepal, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, W Malaysia
  11. Urceola minutiflora(Pierre) Mabb. - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
  12. Urceola napeensis(Quint.) Mabb. - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Guangdong, Guangxi
  13. Urceola quintaretii(Pierre) Mabb. - Laos, Vietnam, Guangdong, Guangxi
  14. Urceola rosea(Hook. & Arn.) D.J.Middleton - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, W Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan
  15. Urceola torulosaHook.f. - W Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo
  16. Urceola tournieri(Pierre) Mabb. - Yunnan, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  17. Urceola xylinabariopsoides(Tsiang) Mabb. - Hainan, Vietnam
<i>Adina</i> (plant)

Adina is a genus of 11 species of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs or small trees, native to East Asia and Southeast Asia.

<i>Murdannia</i>

Murdannia is a genus of annual or perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family.

<i>Aerides odorata</i>

Aerides odorata is a species of plant in the Orchidaceae. It is widespread across much of Southeast Asia, found in the lowland forests of China, Himalayas, Bhutan, Assam, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands, and the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<i>Catunaregam</i> Genus of plants

Catunaregam is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae, native to tropical Africa and tropical Southeast Asia.

Rhomboda, commonly known as velvet jewel orchids, is a genus of about twenty species of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are mostly terrestrial herbs with a fleshy, creeping rhizome and a loose rosette of green to maroon coloured leaves. Small resupinate or partly resupinate, dull coloured flowers are borne on a hairy flowering stem. The dorsal sepal and petals overlap and form a hood over the column and there is a deep pouch at the base of the labellum. They are found in tropical regions from northern India through Southeast Asia, China, Japan to Australia and some Pacific Islands.

<i>Globba</i>

Globba is a genus of plants in the ginger family. It contains about 100 species, native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and Queensland.

References

  1. "Benkara in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae" . Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  2. Adanson, Michel. 1763. Familles des Plantes 2: 85, Benkara