Bergera

Last updated

Bergera
CurryLeaves2.jpg
Leaves and flowers of Bergera koenigii
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Subfamily: Aurantioideae
Genus: Bergera
J.Koenig [1]
Species

See text.

Bergera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rutaceae. It has been included in Murraya as M. sect. Bergera. Species that may be placed in the genus are native from India through southeast Asia eastwards to China and Taiwan southwards to Malesia and New Caledonia. The curry tree, Bergera koenigii, is one of the better known species.

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus name Bergera was first published by Johann Gerhard König in 1771. [2] Bergera was then accepted as a separate genus for several decades after König's description, but was later united with the genus Murraya, [3] (for which Bergera had been rejected as a name, [1] ). In 1986, Paul P.-H. But and co-authors separated off some species of Murraya as M. sect. Bergera based on chemical evidence. [4] The later creation of a separate genus for the section was further supported by evidence from pollen morphology in 2009, [5] and molecular phylogenetic evidence in 2017. [6] The genus is accepted in a 2021 classification of the family Rutaceae, which was based on a major molecular phylogenetic study of the family. [7] As of November 2023, Plants of the World Online accepts the genus but accepts only one species, Bergera koenigii. [8] The rest of the species (and others) below are listed under Murraya. [9]

Species

The genus is reported to contain ten or more species. [3] Species of Murraya that may be placed in Murrya sect. Bergera and hence in Bergera include:

Distribution

Species that may be placed in Bergera are native from India through southeast Asia (including China) to Taiwan, Malesia and New Caledonia. [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rutaceae</span> Family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales

The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aeridinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

In the botanical classification of plants, Aeridinae Pfitzer is a subtribe of the tribe Vandeae whose representatives all have a monopodial growth habit and do not possess pseudobulbs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trifoliate orange</span> Species of plant in the Rutaceae family

The trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata, is a member of the family Rutaceae. Whether the trifoliate oranges should be considered to belong to their own genus, Poncirus, or be included in the genus Citrus is debated. The species is unusual among citrus for having deciduous, compound leaves and pubescent (downy) fruit.

<i>Murraya</i> Genus of flowering plants

Murraya is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It is distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. The center of diversity is in southern China and Southeast Asia. When broadly circumscribed, the genus has about 17 species. A narrower circumscription contains only eight species, others being placed in Bergera and Merrillia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Curry tree</span> Species of flowering plant

The curry tree or Bergera koenigii, is a tropical and sub-tropical tree in the family Rutaceae, native to Asia. The plant is also sometimes called sweet neem, though M. koenigii is in a different family to neem, Azadirachta indica, which is in the related family Meliaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orchidoideae</span> Subfamily of orchids

The Orchidoideae, or the orchidoid orchids, are a subfamily of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) that contains around 3630 species. Species typically have a single (monandrous), fertile anther which is erect and basitonic.

<i>Zanthoxylum</i> Family of shrubs and trees

Zanthoxylum is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae in the subfamily Rutoideae. Several of the species have yellow heartwood, to which their generic name alludes. Several species are cultivated for their use as spices, notably including Sichuan pepper.

<i>Saraca</i> Genus of legumes

Saraca L. is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae of about 20 plant species of trees native to the lands from India and Sri Lanka to Indochina, southern China Malesia, and New Guinea.

<i>Rhodiola</i> Genus of flowering plants

Rhodiola is a genus of perennial plants in the family Crassulaceae that resemble Sedum and other members of the family. Like sedums, Rhodiola species are often called stonecrops. Some authors merge Rhodiola into Sedum.

Limnocitrus is a genus of plant in the family Rutaceae with one species, Limnocitrus littoralis. It is native to Vietnam and Indonesia, where it is found on the island of Java in Jepara. In traditional Vietnamese medicine different parts of the plant have been used as an expectorant, antitussive product, for exudation, and the treatment of colds and fevers.

Merrillia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae, containing the single species Merrillia caloxylon. Its English language common names include flowering merrillia, katinga, and Malay lemon. In Malaysia it is called ketenggah and kemuning gajah. The species is native to Malaysia, Thailand, and Sumatra in Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aurantioideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

Aurantioideae is the subfamily within the rue and citrus family (Rutaceae) that contains the citrus. The subfamily's center of diversity is in the monsoon region of eastern Australasia, extending west through South Asia into Africa, and eastwards into Polynesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cercidoideae</span> Subfamily of legumes

Cercidoideae is a subfamily in the pea family, Fabaceae. Well-known members include Cercis (redbuds), including species widely cultivated as ornamental trees in the United States and Europe, Bauhinia, widely cultivated as an ornamental tree in tropical Asia, and Tylosema, a semi-woody genus of Africa. The subfamily occupies a basal position within the Fabaceae and is supported as monophyletic in many molecular phylogenies. At the 6th International Legume Conference, the Legume Phylogeny Working Group proposed elevating the tribe Cercidae to the level of subfamily within the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). The consensus agreed to the change, which was fully implemented in 2017. It has the following clade-based definition:

The most inclusive crown clade containing Cercis canadensisL. and Bauhinia divaricataL. but not Poeppigia proceraC.Presl, Duparquetia orchidaceaBaill., or Bobgunnia fistuloides(Harms) J.H.Kirkbr. & Wiersema.

<i>Psorosticha zizyphi</i> Species of moth

Psorosticha zizyphi, the citrus leaf roller, is a moth of the family Depressariidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hung-ta Chang</span> Chinese botanist and ecologist

Hung Ta Chang, was a Chinese botanist and ecologist.

<i>Atalantia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Atalantia is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, the Rutaceae.

<i>Feroniella</i> Species of plant

Feroniella is a genus in the family Rutaceae, the only species being Feroniella lucida. The genus is placed within Citrus by some sources, with the species becoming Citrus lucida. Feroniella lucida is a fruit-bearing tree native to Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and the island of Java, Indonesia.

<i>Harrisonia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Harrisonia is a small genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Cneoroideae of the Rutaceae. Older taxonomic treatments have placed this genus in the Simaroubaceae.

Stauranthera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae, native to Bangladesh, the Nicobar Islands, Assam, the eastern Himalayas, south-central and southeast China, Southeast Asia, and Malesia to New Guinea. It is very close morphologically and genetically to Loxonia.

References

  1. 1 2 "Bergera J.Koenig", The International Plant Names Index , retrieved 2021-09-21
  2. Bergera J.Koenig, in C.Linnaeus (edited), Mantissa Plantarum 2: 555 (1771)
  3. 1 2 3 Esser, Hans-Joachim (2021), "Taxonomic notes on the Rutaceae of Thailand", Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany), 49 (1): 27–31, doi: 10.20531/tfb.2021.49.1.02
  4. But, Paul Pui-Hay; Kong, Yun-Cheng, Ng Kam-Hung, Chang Hung-Ta, Li Qian, Yu Si-Xao, Waterman Peter G.; Ng, Kam-Hung; Chang, Hung-Ta; Li, Qian; Yu, Si-Xao & Waterman, Peter G. (1986), "A Chemotaxonomic Study of Murraya (Rutaceae) in China", Journal of Systematics and Evolution (in Chinese and English), 24 (3): 186–192, retrieved 2021-09-21{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mou, Feng-Juan & Zhang, Dian-Xiang (2009), "Pollen morphology supports the reinstatement of Bergera (Rutaceae)", Nordic Journal of Botany, 27 (4): 298–304, doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00369.x
  6. Mou, Fengjuan; Tu, Tieyao; Chen, Yi-Zhang; Zhang, Dianxiang & Zhang, Dianxiang (2017), "Phylogenetic relationship of Clauseneae (Rutaceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA data and taxonomic implication for some major taxa", Nordic Journal of Botany, 36 (3): 1–12, doi:10.1111/njb.01552
  7. Appelhans, Marc S.; Bayly, Michael J.; Heslewood, Margaret M.; Groppo, Milton; Verboom, G. Anthony; Forster, Paul I.; Kallunki, Jacquelyn A. & Duretto, Marco F. (2021), "A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers", Taxon, doi: 10.1002/tax.12543 , hdl: 11343/288824
  8. "Bergera J.Koenig | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  9. "Murraya J.Koenig | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  10. 1 2 Zhang, Dianxiang & Hartley, Thomas G., "Murraya", in Wu, Zhengyi; Raven, Peter H. & Hong, Deyuan (eds.), Flora of China (online), eFloras.org, retrieved 2021-09-21