Gouramis, or gouramies, are a group of freshwater anabantiform fish that comprise the family Osphronemidae. The fish are native to Asia—from the Indian Subcontinent to Southeast Asia and northeasterly towards Korea. The name "gourami", of Indonesian origin, is also used for fish of the families Helostomatidae and Anabantidae.
The spotted betta or Java fighting fish is a species of gourami endemic to Indonesia where it inhabits relatively cool, 22‒25 °C (72‒75 °F), highland streams of Java. In 1967, D. S. Johnson reported the species to be common in blackwaters of southern Malaya.
Betta chini is a species of gourami endemic to the island Borneo where it is only known from the Malaysian state of Sabah. It inhabits very shallow waters of peat swamps. Males of this species can reach a length of 5.1 centimetres (2.0 in) SL while females can reach a length of 5.6 centimetres (2.2 in).
Betta is a large genus of small, active, often colorful, freshwater ray-finned fishes, in the gourami family (Osphronemidae). The best known Betta species is B. splendens, commonly known as the Siamese fighting fish and often kept as an aquarium pet.
Betta enisae is a species of gourami endemic to the Kapuas River basin of Indonesia. It is an inhabitant of forest streams with slightly acidic waters, and can mostly be found in the shallows amongst the leaf litter. This species grows to a length of 5.9 cm (2.3 in). It is commonly used as bait by local fishermen and has been found in the aquarium trade. The specific name of this fish honours Enis Widjanarti who assisted Kottelat in his expedition to the Kapuas Lakes.
Betta edithae is a species of gourami endemic to Indonesia where it occurs in Kalimantan, Sumatra and the Riau Archipelago. This species grows to a length of 8.2 cm (3.2 in), and can be found in the aquarium trade. The specific name honours the German aquarist Edith Korthaus (1923-1987), who co-discovered this species with her husband Walter Foersch. Walter is honoured in the specific name of another species they discovered, Betta foerschi.
Betta foerschi is a species of gourami endemic to the island of Borneo, where it is only known from the southern portion. It inhabits creeks in the rain forest. This species grows to a length of 7 cm (2.8 in). It can be found in the aquarium trade. The specific name of this fish honours the German physician and aquarist Walter Foersch (1932-1993), who collected the type with his wife Edith Korthaus. Edith is honoured in the specific name of another species they discovered, Betta edithae.
Betta strohi is a species of gourami endemic to Indonesia. This species grows to a length of 7 centimetres (2.8 in) TL.
Pristolepis grootii, commonly known as the Indonesian leaffish, is a fish native to streams of the Indonesian islands of Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung and Borneo, and Thailand. It is part of the first Western Indonesian and Sulawesi Freshwater fish species recorded by December 31, 1991 along with another 963 species. Further research lead to the discovery of other 79 fish species in the area. By May 31st, 1996 deletions and additions were made revealing a grand total of 1032 known fish species in the area. The specific name honours the Dutch naturalist and ethnographer Cornelis de Groot van Embden (1817-1896).
Betta cracens is a species of gourami endemic to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. It is an inhabitant of freshwater swamp forest. This species grows to a length of 5.7 cm (2.2 in), typically inhabits blackwaters that have very soft and very acidic water and is a bubble nest brooder. The Latin term cracens means "slender" or "elegant" and is so named because of the fish's slender body. It was first described in 1996 by Heok Hui Tan and Peter K. L. Ng in The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology.
Betta aurigans is a species of gourami endemic to the island of Natuna Besar, north-west of the island of Borneo The species name aurigans is so named after the Latin for gold, due to the colouring of the scales of the fish. According to Linke, they live in "blackwater swamp regions"
Betta mahachaiensis is a species of bubble-nesting betta native to Thailand, where it occurs naturally near the Gulf of Thailand. It is typically seen in stagnant waters in swamps, pools, and ponds. The species can be found in brackish waters, with salinity levels between 1.1 and 10.6 parts per thousand. Betta mahachaiensis is capable of living in both fresh water and brackish water, a trait unique among fish in the genus Betta. This species grows to a length of 5 to 6 cm. It is found in the aquarium trade.
Betta obscura is a species of gourami that occurs in the Barito basin in Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia. This species is a mouthbrooder, and grows to a length of around 9 centimetres (3.5 in) SL.
Betta compuncta is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Osphronemidae. It reaches 6.2 cm in standard length.
Betta hendra is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it occurs in the Sabangau River basin in Central Kalimantan on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. It is typically found among plants in peat swamp forests shaded by trees and bushes with a depth of 5 to 50 cm and no water current. Based on aquarium observations, the species forms bubble nests. The species reaches 4.2 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather.
Betta dennisyongi is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it occurs on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia, ranging from Meulaboh to Singkil. It is typically seen in lowland hillstreams and acidic swamps with clear to brown water, including farmland environments. It is known to occur alongside the species Kryptopterus piperatus, Mystus punctifer, Nemacheilus tuberigum, Ompok brevirictus, Osteochilus jeruk, Rasbora jacobsoni, and Rasbora kluetensis. The species reaches 3.5 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather.
Betta breviobesa is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it occurs in the upper Kapuas River basin in West Kalimantan on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. The species reaches 6.5 centimetres (2.6 in) in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather. It was described in 1998 by Heok Hui Tan and Maurice Kottelat alongside the species Betta pinguis, which also occurs in the Kapuas basin.
Betta lehi is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it occurs in the area southwest of Kuching in Sarawak in Malaysia, as well as the lower Kapuas River basin in West Kalimantan in Indonesia. It is typically found among vegetation in quiet streams in peat swamp forests and other acidic wetland environments. The species reaches 6.1 cm in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather.
Betta andrei is a species of gourami in the family Osphronemidae. It is a black water fighting fish that is endemic to Singkep Island, Indonesia. It was described in 2023 by Heok Hui Tan, who named it after Andre Chandra, a fish collector and enthusiast who helped him during his fieldwork.
