Biscay (Senate constituency)

Last updated
Biscay
Senate of Spain
Electoral constituency
SpanishCongressDistricts(Biscay).png
Location of Biscay within Spain
Province Biscay
Autonomous community Basque Country
Population Green Arrow Up Darker.svg 1,160,133 (2024) [1]
Electorate Red Arrow Down.svg 942,983 (2023)
Major settlements Bilbao, Barakaldo, Getxo
Current constituency
Created 1977
Seats4
Member(s)
  •   PNV (3)
  •   PSOE (1)

Biscay is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects four senators. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Biscay. The electoral system uses an open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Contents

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate of Spain, [2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. [3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales. [4]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights. [5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. [6] [7] Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish : Voto rogado), [8] [9] which was abolished in 2022. [10] 208 seats are elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors can vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts are the islands themselves, with the larger—Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, IbizaFormentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera and El Hierro (which comprised a single constituency only for the 1977 election), Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each. [2] [3] [11] [12] Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature. [13]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies. [14] [15]

Senators

Senators for Biscay 1977–
Key to parties
   U.Podemos
   Podemos
   PSOE
   FA
   PNV
   UCD
   PP
LegislatureElectionDistribution
Constituent 1977
31
1st 1979
13
2nd 1982
13
3rd 1986
13
4th 1989
13
5th 1993
13
6th 1996
13
7th 2000
31
8th 2004
13
9th 2008
31
10th 2011
13
11th 2015
13
12th 2016
13
13th 2019 (Apr)
13
14th 2019 (Nov)
13
15th 2023
13

Elections

2023 general election

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results
CandidatesParties and coalitionsPopular vote
Votes %
Yes check.svg Nerea Ahedo Ceza EAJ/PNV 174,28329.29
Yes check.svg María Dolores Etxano Varela EAJ/PNV 165,50427.81
Yes check.svg Igotz Lopez Torre EAJ/PNV 162,49427.31
Yes check.svg Txema Oleaga Zalvidea PSE-EE 151,89325.53
Teresa Fernández García PSE-EE 145,79124.50
Juan Andrades García PSE-EE 139,76823.49
Jasone Agirre Garitaonandia EH Bildu 131,45022.09
Pello Zabarte Narbaiza EH Bildu 123,19820.70
Natalia Gardeazabal Diez EH Bildu 120,37520.23
Cristina Martínez Ruiz PP 68,56711.52
Jon Albisu Seoane PP 66,73411.21
Pablo Egusquiaguirre Martin PP 65,08710.93
Andeka Larrea Larrondo Sumar 60,67910.19
Carmen Muñoz Lopez Sumar 52,3448.79
Ana Saiz Quintano Sumar 48,8478.21
María Pérez Fernández Vox 13,3952.25
Jesús Varela Gómez Vox 12,5082.10
Eva María Rodríguez Martin Vox 11,8701.99
María López Galán PACMA 4,6560.78
Luis Alberto Real De Las Heras PACMA 2,7610.46
Esther Begoña Rodríguez PACMA 2,6450.44
Iratxe Hernández Simón PUM+J 2,1860.36
Igone Bastida Esteban PCTE 1,6620.27
Jesús Ángel Gómez Esteban Recortes Cero 1,4340.24
Blank ballots6,0271.01
Total1,736,158
Valid votes594,95598.17
Invalid votes11,0661.82
Votes cast / turnout606,02167.79
Abstentions287,86032.20
Registered voters893,881
Sources [16]

November 2019 general election

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Biscay
CandidatesParties and coalitionsPopular vote
Votes %
Yes check.svg Nerea Ahedo Ceza EAJ/PNV 230,30436.99
Yes check.svg María Dolores Etxano Varela EAJ/PNV 222,90435.80
Yes check.svg Imanol Landa Jauregi EAJ/PNV 220,15635.36
Yes check.svg Txema OIeaga Zalvidea PSE–EE (PSOE) 120,37119.34
• Idoia Agorría Martínez PSE–EE (PSOE) 117,48318.87
• Carlos Fernández Martínez PSE–EE (PSOE) 113,88518.29
• Arantza Gutiérrez Paz EH Bildu 101,74116.34
• Edriga Aranburu Agirre EH Bildu 96,57315.51
• María Jesús Etxeandia Cirión EH Bildu 94,62115.20
• José Antonio Martín Acosta Podemos–IU 81,74313.13
• Amaia Hernández Rodríguez Podemos–IU 76,84112.34
• Xabier Jiménez López Podemos–IU 76,12212.23
• Raquel González Diez-Andino PP 59,7619.60
• Luis Miguel Arroyo Millán PP 57,5649.25
• María Carmen Sánchez Sequeros PP 54,0088.68
• María Pérez Fernández Vox 12,7282.04
• Pascual Blanco Peña Más PaísC. Ecologista 10,0541.61
• Armán Basurto Barrio Cs 8,3501.34
• Blanca Amelia Gozalo Martínez Cs 7,1141.14
• Santiago Orozco García Cs 6,5421.05
• María Izaskun Almazán Ledesma PACMA 6,1850.99
• Unai de Zarraolandia Salas PACMA 4,1830.67
• Rocío Hernández Clares PACMA 3,7720.61
• Pablo Setién Pascual Recortes CeroGV 1,2770.21
• Javier Martínez Bárbara PUM+J 1,1030.18
• Unai Vidaurrazaga Sola PCTE/ELAK 1,0850.17
• María Soraya Urrutia Santos Recortes CeroGV 9490.15
• Jesús Ángel Gómez Esteban "Kendall Maison" Recortes CeroGV 6160.10
• Unai Ortúzar BarrenecheaSolidaria4110.07
• María Pilar Vivar RamosSolidaria3250.05
• Javier López GalianaSolidaria2380.04
Blank ballots7,8861.27
Total622,554
Valid votes622,55498.38
Invalid votes10,2471.62
Votes cast / turnout632,80166.64
Abstentions316,79733.36
Registered voters949,598
Sources [17]

April 2019 general election

2016 general election

2015 general election

2011 general election

2008 general election

2004 general election

2000 general election

1996 general election

1993 general election

1989 general election

1986 general election

1982 general election

1979 general election

1977 general election

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Senate of Spain election results in Biscay
CandidatesParties and coalitionsPopular vote
Votes %
Yes check.svg Ramón Rubial Cavia FA 324,64858.37
Yes check.svg Juan María Vidarte de Ugarte FA 323,08158.08
Yes check.svg Mitxel Unzueta Uzcanga FA 231,61941.64
Yes check.svg Martín Fernández Palacio UCD 111,04119.96
• Pedro de Zubiría y Garnica AP 51,6339.28
• Pablo Lucas Verdú PSPUS 48,6928.75
• José María González Barandiarán AP 48,1408.65
• Jaime Cibrián Saiz AP 47,8008.59
• Luis Arana Zubiria PCE/EPK 46,5838.37
• José Unanue Ruiz PCE/EPK 45,1568.12
• Juan Miguel Moreno Lombardero PSPUS 41,1337.39
• José Rodríguez Martínez PCE/EPK 40,1227.21
• Pedro María Carmelo de Irujo Ollo EAE/ANV 31,5345.67
• Adolfo Careaga Fontecha DCV 26,5174.77
• Isidro Infante Olarte DCV 23,1264.16
• Jose Luis Mintegui Iraizoz ASDCI 18,7533.37
• Paloma Rodríguez-Escudero Sánchez DCV 18,5033.33
• José Luis Pedro Barrado IbarraCJA5,3460.96
• Manuel García AntuñanoCJA5,2170.94
• Armando González FernándezCJA5,0880.91
• Carlos Umaran García-IturriCJA3,0620.55
Blank ballots
Total556,235
Valid votes556,235
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters749,572
Sources [18] [19]

See also

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References

  1. "Real Decreto 1210/2024, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2024". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  2. 1 2 Law 1/1977 (1977) , trans. prov. 1.
  3. 1 2 Const. Esp. (1978) , tit. III, ch. I, art. 69.
  4. Const. Esp. (1978) , tit. VIII, ch. II, art. 141.
  5. LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. I, art. 2.
  6. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. I, art. 2.
  7. Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
  8. LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. VI, art. 75.
  9. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  10. Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  11. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. II, ch. II, art. 19 & 21.
  12. LOREG (1985) , tit. II, ch. III, art. 162 & 165–166.
  13. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. III, art. 29.
  14. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. IV, art. 30–31 & 34.
  15. LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 & tit. II, ch. V, art. 169.
  16. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. 2023". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  17. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. November 2019. Biscay". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  18. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. June 1977. Biscay". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  19. "Senate election 15 June 1977". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Electoral History. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

Bibliography

43°15′N2°59′W / 43.250°N 2.983°W / 43.250; -2.983