Biscay (Congress of Deputies constituency)

For the Basque Parliament constituency, see Biscay (Basque Parliament constituency). For the Senate constituency, see Biscay (Senate constituency).

Biscay
Congress of Deputies Electoral constituency
Location of Biscay within Spain
Province	Biscay
Autonomous community	Basque Country
Population	1,160,133 (2024) [1]
Electorate	942,983 (2023)
Major settlements	Bilbao, Barakaldo, Getxo
Current constituency
Created	1977
Seats	10 (1977–1993) 9 (1993–2008) 8 (2008–present)
Member(s)	PNV (2)   PSOE (2)   EH Bildu (2)   PP (1)   Sumar (1)

Biscay (Basque : Bizkaia, Spanish : Vizcaya) is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects eight deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Biscay. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies, ^[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. ^[3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales. ^[4]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights. ^[5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. ^{[6] [7]} Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish : Voto rogado), ^{[8] [9]} which was abolished in 2022. ^[10] 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting. ^{[2] [3] [11] [12]} The use of the electoral method may result in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies. ^[13]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies. ^{[14] [15]}

Deputies

Deputies 1977–present
Key to parties    HB    Amaiur    EH Bildu [a]    EH Bildu [b]    IU    U.Podemos    Podemos    Sumar    EE    PSOE    EA    PNV    UCD    PP    CP    AP
Legislature	Election	Distribution
Constituent	1977	3 4 2 1
1st	1979	2 2 4 2
2nd	1982	1 4 4 1
3rd	1986	2 1 3 3 1
4th	1989	2 1 2 1 3 1
5th	1993	1 3 3 2
6th	1996	1 1 2 3 2
7th	2000	2 4 3
8th	2004	3 4 2
9th	2008	4 3 1
10th	2011	2 2 3 1
11th	2015	1 2 1 3 1
12th	2016	1 3 1 2 1
13th	2019 (Apr)	1 2 2 3
14th	2019 (Nov)	1 1 2 3 1
15th	2023	2 1 2 2 1

Elections

2023 general election

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	164,188	26.93	–8.29	2	–1
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))	157,448	25.82	+6.69	2	±0
	Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)	125,867	20.64	+5.62	2	+1
	People's Party (PP)	70,533	11.57	+2.75	1	±0
	Unite (Sumar)1	66,592	10.92	–5.85	1	±0
	Vox (Vox)	16,069	2.64	+0.22	0	±0
	Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2	2,729	0.45	–0.15	0	±0
	Workers' Front (FO)	929	0.15	New	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	804	0.13	+0.05	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK)	618	0.10	+0.02	0	±0
	Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)	525	0.09	–0.03	0	±0
Blank ballots		3,391	0.56	–0.04
Total		609,693			8	±0
Valid votes		609,693	99.15	–0.27
Invalid votes		5,251	0.85	+0.27
Votes cast / turnout		614,944	65.21	–1.55
Abstentions		328,039	34.79	+1.55
Registered voters		942,983
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 Unite results are compared to the combined totals of United We Can and More Country–Ecologist Candidacy in the November 2019 election. 2 Animalist Party with the Environment results are compared to Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals totals in the November 2019 election.

November 2019 general election

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	221,979	35.22	+0.88	3	±0
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))	120,566	19.13	–0.75	2	±0
	United We Can (Podemos–IU)	97,125	15.41	–2.31	1	–1
	Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)	94,669	15.02	+1.66	1	±0
	People's Party (PP)	55,621	8.82	+1.56	1	+1
	Vox (Vox)	15,284	2.42	+0.11	0	±0
	More Country–Ecologist Candidacy (Más País–Candidatura Ecologista)	8,542	1.36	New	0	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)	6,929	1.10	–2.01	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	3,783	0.60	–0.30	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	753	0.12	–0.05	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	494	0.08	–0.04	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK)	491	0.08	–0.01	0	±0
	European Solidarity Action Party (Solidaria)	270	0.04	–0.04	0	±0
Blank ballots		3,806	0.60	–0.06
Total		630,312			8	±0
Valid votes		630,312	99.42	+0.11
Invalid votes		3,665	0.58	–0.11
Votes cast / turnout		633,977	66.76	–6.09
Abstentions		315,621	33.24	+6.09
Registered voters		949,598
Sources [16]

April 2019 general election

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	235,916	34.34	+6.12	3	+1
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))	136,547	19.88	+5.97	2	+1
	United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo Berdeak)	121,740	17.72	–11.15	2	–1
	Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)	91,771	13.36	+2.47	1	±0
	People's Party (PP)	49,859	7.26	–5.45	0	–1
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)	21,392	3.11	–0.22	0	±0
	Vox (Vox)	15,839	2.31	+2.21	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	6,187	0.90	+0.12	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	1,177	0.17	–0.02	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	844	0.12	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK)	603	0.09	New	0	±0
	European Solidarity Action Party (Solidaria)	528	0.08	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		4,557	0.66	+0.03
Total		686,960			8	±0
Valid votes		686,960	99.31	–0.01
Invalid votes		4,742	0.69	+0.01
Votes cast / turnout		691,702	72.85	+6.88
Abstentions		257,740	27.15	–6.88
Registered voters		949,442
Sources [16]

2016 general election

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	United We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu–IU–Equo)1	179,347	28.87	–0.05	3	+1
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	175,296	28.22	+0.31	2	–1
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))	86,425	13.91	+0.93	1	±0
	People's Party (PP)	78,965	12.71	+1.31	1	±0
	Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)	67,653	10.89	–1.60	1	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)	20,685	3.33	–0.51	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	4,865	0.78	+0.12	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	1,176	0.19	+0.02	0	±0
	Blank Seats (EB/AZ)	1,026	0.17	+0.01	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	766	0.12	–0.19	0	±0
	Vox (Vox)	641	0.10	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)	467	0.08	+0.02	0	±0
Blank ballots		3,907	0.63	–0.11
Total		621,219			8	±0
Valid votes		621,219	98.32	+0.03
Invalid votes		4,225	0.68	–0.03
Votes cast / turnout		625,444	65.97	–3.44
Abstentions		322,636	34.03	+3.44
Registered voters		948,080
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 United We Can results are compared to the combined totals of We Can and United Left–Popular Unity in Common in the 2015 election.

2015 general election

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	182,604	27.91	–4.70	3	±0
	We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu)	170,728	26.10	New	2	+2
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))	84,893	12.98	–8.41	1	–1
	Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)1	81,704	12.49	–6.70	1	–1
	People's Party (PP)	74,560	11.40	–6.32	1	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)	25,148	3.84	New	0	±0
	United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC)	18,466	2.82	–0.96	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	4,342	0.66	+0.15	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	2,012	0.31	–1.39	0	±0
	Left–For the Left (Ezkerra)	1,447	0.22	New	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	1,089	0.17	New	0	±0
	Blank Seats (EB/AZ)	1,045	0.16	–0.29	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	479	0.07	–0.19	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)	414	0.06	New	0	±0
	Social Justice, Citizen Participation (JS,PC)	406	0.06	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		4,840	0.74	–0.40
Total		654,177			8	±0
Valid votes		654,177	99.29	+0.30
Invalid votes		4,647	0.71	–0.30
Votes cast / turnout		658,824	69.41	+1.33
Abstentions		290,353	30.59	–1.33
Registered voters		949,177
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 Basque Country Gather results are compared to Amaiur totals in the 2011 election.

2011 general election

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	208,683	32.61	+1.51	3	±0
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))	136,853	21.39	–15.60	2	–2
	Amaiur (Amaiur)1	122,796	19.19	+14.54	2	+2
	People's Party (PP)	113,401	17.72	–0.68	1	±0
	United Left–The Greens: Plural Left (IU–LV)	24,205	3.78	–0.57	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	10,886	1.70	+0.75	0	±0
	Equo (Equo)	7,387	1.15	New	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	3,278	0.51	+0.14	0	±0
	Blank Seats (EB)	2,886	0.45	New	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	1,670	0.26	+0.03	0	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	550	0.09	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		7,285	1.14	–0.54
Total		639,880			8	±0
Valid votes		639,880	98.99	–0.04
Invalid votes		6,552	1.01	+0.04
Votes cast / turnout		646,432	68.08	+1.49
Abstentions		303,039	31.92	–1.49
Registered voters		949,471
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 Amaiur results are compared to the combined totals of Basque Solidarity and Aralar in the 2008 election.

2008 general election

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))	233,371	36.99	+10.23	4	+1
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	196,242	31.10	–6.19	3	–1
	People's Party (PP)	116,110	18.40	–0.34	1	–1
	United Left–Greens–Alternative (EB–B)	27,471	4.35	–4.23	0	±0
	Basque Solidarity (EA)	19,605	3.11	–1.23	0	±0
	Aralar (Aralar)	9,740	1.54	–0.31	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	5,997	0.95	New	0	±0
	The Greens (B/LV)	3,351	0.53	New	0	±0
	Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	2,343	0.37	New	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	1,466	0.23	New	0	±0
	Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)	998	0.16	–0.08	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain–Basque Communists (PCPE–EK)	799	0.13	New	0	±0
	Engine and Sports Alternative (AMD)	617	0.10	New	0	±0
	Family and Life Party (PFyV)	589	0.09	New	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	435	0.07	–0.20	0	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)	426	0.07	New	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	219	0.03	+0.01	0	±0
	National Democracy (DN)	191	0.03	–0.02	0	±0
	Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC)	166	0.03	–0.01	0	±0
	Spanish Alternative (AES)	113	0.02	New	0	±0
	National Alliance (AN)	87	0.01	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		10,581	1.68	+0.42
Total		630,917			8	–1
Valid votes		630,917	99.03	+5.25
Invalid votes		6,177	0.97	–5.25
Votes cast / turnout		637,094	66.59	–9.24
Abstentions		319,615	33.41	+9.24
Registered voters		956,709
Sources [16]

2004 general election

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	258,488	37.29	+3.08	4	±0
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))	185,514	26.76	+3.90	3	+1
	People's Party (PP)	129,889	18.74	–8.52	2	–1
	United Left (EB/IU)	59,493	8.58	+2.79	0	±0
	Basque Solidarity (EA)	30,096	4.34	–0.74	0	±0
	Aralar–Stand up (Aralar–Zutik)	12,791	1.85	New	0	±0
	Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD)	2,300	0.33	–0.09	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	1,846	0.27	+0.03	0	±0
	Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)	1,682	0.24	+0.14	0	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	789	0.11	+0.06	0	±0
	Republican Left (IR)	407	0.06	New	0	±0
	National Democracy (DN)	348	0.05	New	0	±0
	Republican Social Movement (MSR)	264	0.04	New	0	±0
	Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC)	243	0.04	New	0	±0
	The Phalanx (FE)	147	0.02	–0.02	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)1	134	0.02	–0.01	0	±0
Blank ballots		8,754	1.26	–1.44
Total		693,185			9	±0
Valid votes		693,185	93.78	–5.13
Invalid votes		45,979	6.22	+5.13
Votes cast / turnout		739,164	75.83	+8.84
Abstentions		235,578	24.17	–8.84
Registered voters		974,742
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO results are compared to Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 totals in the 2000 election.

2000 general election

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	222,479	34.21	+5.01	4	+1
	People's Party (PP)	177,272	27.26	+8.82	3	+1
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))	148,670	22.86	–0.93	2	±0
	United Left (EB/IU)	37,677	5.79	–3.93	0	–1
	Basque Solidarity (EA)	33,047	5.08	–0.10	0	±0
	The Greens (B/LV)	5,469	0.84	+0.40	0	±0
	Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD)	2,759	0.42	New	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	1,579	0.24	+0.18	0	±0
	Natural Law Party (PLN)	1,025	0.16	New	0	±0
	Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)	662	0.10	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)	534	0.08	New	0	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre–Centrist Union (CDS–UC)	348	0.05	–0.01	0	±0
	Republican Action (AR)	281	0.04	New	0	±0
	Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000)	246	0.04	New	0	±0
	The Phalanx (FE)	243	0.04	New	0	±0
	Carlist Party (EKA)	182	0.03	New	0	±0
	Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 (FEI–FE 2000)	179	0.03	+0.01	0	±0
	Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI))	151	0.02	New	0	±0
	Basque Citizens (EH)1	0	0.00	–9.94	0	–1
Blank ballots		17,584	2.70	+1.40
Total		650,387			9	±0
Valid votes		650,387	98.91	–0.41
Invalid votes		7,138	1.09	+0.41
Votes cast / turnout		657,525	66.99	–5.50
Abstentions		324,046	33.01	+5.50
Registered voters		981,571
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 Basque Citizens results are compared to Popular Unity totals in the 1996 election. EH called for election boycott and urged its supporters to abstain.

1996 general election

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	204,056	29.20	–0.34	3	±0
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))	166,293	23.79	–1.08	2	–1
	People's Party (PP)	128,904	18.44	+3.15	2	±0
	Popular Unity (HB)	69,472	9.94	–2.58	1	±0
	United Left (IU/EB)	67,954	9.72	+2.67	1	+1
	Basque Solidarity (EA)	36,234	5.18	–1.13	0	±0
	Basque Citizen Initiative (ICV–Gorordo)	11,833	1.69	New	0	±0
	European Greens–Basque Country Greens (VE–EHB)	774	0.44	–0.57	0	±0
	Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT)1	560	0.08	–0.38	0	±0
	Centrist Union (UC)	430	0.06	–0.73	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	394	0.06	+0.01	0	±0
	Republican Coalition (CR)2	331	0.05	+0.01	0	±0
	Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA)	139	0.02	New	0	±0
	Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI)	138	0.02	New	0	±0
	Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR)	0	0.00	–0.06	0	±0
Blank ballots		9,063	1.30	+0.09
Total		698,859			9	±0
Valid votes		698,859	99.32	+0.14
Invalid votes		4,770	0.68	–0.14
Votes cast / turnout		703,629	72.49	+1.41
Abstentions		266,963	27.51	–1.41
Registered voters		970,592
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 Workers' Revolutionary Party results are compared to Workers' Socialist Party totals in the 1993 election. 2 Republican Coalition results are compared to Coalition for a New Socialist Party totals in the 1993 election.

1993 general election

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	197,392	29.54	+1.63	3	±0
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))1	166,172	24.87	–3.81	3	±0
	People's Party (PP)	102,172	15.29	+5.59	2	+1
	Popular Unity (HB)	83,644	12.52	–2.53	1	–1
	United Left (IU/EB)	47,091	7.05	+3.44	0	±0
	Basque Solidarity–Basque Left (EA–EuE)	42,175	6.31	–1.56	0	–1
	The Greens (Berdeak/LV)	6,769	1.01	New	0	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	5,285	0.79	–2.65	0	±0
	The Ecologists (LE)	3,215	0.48	–0.59	0	±0
	Workers' Socialist Party (PST)	3,053	0.46	+0.12	0	±0
	Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE)	1,359	0.20	–0.56	0	±0
	Referendum Tolerant Independent Political Party (PITRCG)	408	0.06	New	0	±0
	Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR)	405	0.06	–0.02	0	±0
	Natural Law Party (PLN)	387	0.06	New	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	353	0.05	–0.03	0	±0
	Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)2	251	0.04	–0.02	0	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	0	0.00	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		8,060	1.21	+0.53
Total		668,191			9	–1
Valid votes		668,191	99.18	+0.15
Invalid votes		5,495	0.82	–0.15
Votes cast / turnout		673,686	71.08	+3.79
Abstentions		274,085	28.92	–3.79
Registered voters		947,771
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left results are compared to the combined totals of Socialist Party of the Basque Country and Basque Country Left in the 1989 election. 2 Coalition for a New Socialist Party results are compared to Alliance for the Republic totals in the 1989 election.

1989 general election

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	171,582	27.91	–1.40	3	±0
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)	127,744	20.78	–5.78	2	–1
	Popular Unity (HB)	92,493	15.05	–0.86	2	±0
	People's Party (PP)1	59,632	9.70	–0.97	1	±0
	Basque Country Left (EE)	48,559	7.90	–0.46	1	±0
	Basque Solidarity (EA)	48,355	7.87	New	1	+1
	United Left (IU/EB)	22,169	3.61	+2.03	0	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	21,144	3.44	–1.51	0	±0
	The Ecologist Greens (LVE)	6,589	1.07	New	0	±0
	Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)	4,682	0.76	New	0	±0
	Workers' Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Workers (PTE–EL)2	3,125	0.51	–0.61	0	±0
	Workers' Socialist Party (PST)	2,099	0.34	–0.10	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)	546	0.09	New	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	521	0.08	New	0	±0
	Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE)	510	0.08	New	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	400	0.07	–0.05	0	±0
	Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3	398	0.06	–0.10	0	±0
	Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))4	0	0.00	–0.12	0	±0
	Revolutionary Communist League–Communist Movement (LKI–EMK)5	0	0.00	±0.00	0	±0
Blank ballots		4,176	0.68	+0.20
Total		614,724			10	±0
Valid votes		614,724	99.03	+1.04
Invalid votes		6,044	0.97	–1.04
Votes cast / turnout		620,768	67.29	–1.03
Abstentions		301,825	32.71	+1.03
Registered voters		922,593
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 People's Party results are compared to People's Coalition totals in the 1986 election. 2 Workers' Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Workers results are compared to Communist Party of the Basque Country totals in the 1986 election. 3 Alliance for the Republic results are compared to Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party totals in the 1986 election. 4 Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) results are compared to Republican Popular Unity totals in the 1986 election. 5 Revolutionary Communist League–Communist Movement results are compared to the combined totals of Communist Movement of the Basque Country and Revolutionary Communist League in the 1986 election.

1986 general election

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	179,130	29.31	–4.07	3	–1
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)	162,323	26.56	–3.08	3	–1
	Popular Unity (HB)	97,252	15.91	+2.80	2	+1
	People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)1	65,212	10.67	–1.35	1	±0
	Basque Country Left (EE)	51,090	8.36	+1.80	1	+1
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	30,286	4.95	+3.47	0	±0
	United Left (IU)	9,638	1.58	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK)	6,863	1.12	–1.07	0	±0
	Workers' Socialist Party (PST)	2,659	0.44	–0.13	0	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	1,397	0.23	+0.05	0	±0
	Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)	981	0.16	New	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	751	0.12	New	0	±0
	Republican Popular Unity (UPR)2	704	0.12	+0.05	0	±0
	Communist Movement of the Basque Country (EMK)	0	0.00	±0.00	0	±0
	Revolutionary Communist League (LKI)	0	0.00	±0.00	0	±0
	Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC)	0	0.00	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		2,935	0.48	–0.02
Total		611,221			10	±0
Valid votes		611,221	97.99	+0.16
Invalid votes		12,549	2.01	–0.16
Votes cast / turnout		623,770	68.32	–11.20
Abstentions		289,194	31.68	+11.20
Registered voters		912,964
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 People's Coalition results are compared to AP–PDP–PDL–UCD totals in the 1982 election. 2 Republican Popular Unity results are compared to Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) totals in the 1982 election.

1982 general election

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	221,801	33.38	+4.20	4	±0
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)	196,974	29.64	+10.58	4	+2
	Popular Unity (HB)	87,100	13.11	–1.40	1	–1
	Democratic Coalition (AP–PDP–PDL–UCD)1	79,866	12.02	–8.20	1	–1
	Basque Country Left–Left for Socialism (EE)	43,591	6.56	+0.71	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK)	14,537	2.19	–3.58	0	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	9,815	1.48	New	0	±0
	Workers' Socialist Party (PST)	3,815	0.57	New	0	±0
	New Force (FN)2	1,289	0.19	–1.17	0	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	1,225	0.18	New	0	±0
	Communist Unity Candidacy (CUC)	761	0.11	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))	478	0.07	New	0	±0
	Revolutionary Communist League (LKI)	0	0.00	–0.55	0	±0
	Socialist Party (PS)3	0	0.00	–0.75	0	±0
	Communist League–Internationalist Socialist Workers' Coalition (LC (COSI))	0	0.00	New	0	±0
	Communist Movement of the Basque Country (EMK)	0	0.00	–1.32	0	±0
Blank ballots		3,318	0.50	+0.30
Total		664,570			10	±0
Valid votes		664,570	97.83	+0.04
Invalid votes		14,728	2.17	–0.04
Votes cast / turnout		679,298	79.52	+14.19
Abstentions		174,906	20.48	–14.19
Registered voters		854,204
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 AP–PDP–PDL–UCD results are compared to the combined totals of the Foral Union of the Basque Country and Union of the Democratic Centre in the 1979 election. 2 New Force results are compared to National Union totals in the 1979 election. 3 Socialist Party results are compared to Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) totals in the 1979 election.

1979 general election

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	161,480	29.18	–1.74	4	±0
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)1	105,481	19.06	–8.38	2	–1
	Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)	88,431	15.98	–0.43	2	±0
	Popular Unity (HB)2	80,280	14.51	+10.97	2	+2
	Basque Country Left (EE)	32,363	5.85	+0.42	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK)	31,942	5.77	+0.38	0	±0
	Foral Union of the Basque Country (UFPV)3	23,484	4.24	–2.40	0	–1
	National Union (UN)	7,521	1.36	New	0	±0
	Communist Movement–Organization of Communist Left (MC–OIC)	7,292	1.32	New	0	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh)4	4,131	0.75	–0.37	0	±0
	Revolutionary Communist League (LCR)5	3,039	0.55	–0.26	0	±0
	Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT)6	2,932	0.53	+0.02	0	±0
	Carlist Party (PC)	1,380	0.25	New	0	±0
	Republican Left of the Basque Country (IR–E)	1,229	0.22	New	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A))	795	0.14	New	0	±0
	Proverist Party (PPr)	500	0.09	New	0	±0
	Union for the Freedom of Speech (ULE)	0	0.00	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		1,127	0.20	–0.01
Total		553,407			10	±0
Valid votes		553,407	97.79	+0.64
Invalid votes		12,478	2.21	–0.64
Votes cast / turnout		565,885	65.33	–11.05
Abstentions		300,300	34.67	+11.05
Registered voters		866,185
Sources [16]
Footnotes: 1 Socialist Party of the Basque Country results are compared to the combined totals of Socialist Party of the Basque Country and People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity in the 1977 election. 2 Popular Unity results are compared to the combined totals of the Basque Socialist Party and Basque Nationalist Action in the 1977 election. 3 Foral Union of the Basque Country results are compared to People's Alliance totals in the 1977 election. 4 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) results are compared to Democratic Socialist Alliance totals in the 1977 election. 5 Revolutionary Communist League results are compared to Front for Workers' Unity totals in the 1977 election. 6 Workers' Revolutionary Organization results are compared to Workers' Electoral Group totals in the 1977 election.

1977 general election

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	171,991	30.92	n/a	4	n/a
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)	140,643	25.28	n/a	3	n/a
	Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)	91,262	16.41	n/a	2	n/a
	People's Alliance (AP)	36,934	6.64	n/a	1	n/a
	Basque Country Left (EE)	30,209	5.43	n/a	0	n/a
	Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK)	29,968	5.39	n/a	0	n/a
	Basque Socialist Party (ESB/PSV)	15,079	2.71	n/a	0	n/a
	People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US)	12,038	2.16	n/a	0	n/a
	Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI)	6,224	1.12	n/a	0	n/a
	Basque Christian Democracy (DCV)	6,034	1.08	n/a	0	n/a
	Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV)	4,617	0.83	n/a	0	n/a
	Front for Workers' Unity (FUT)	4,478	0.81	n/a	0	n/a
	Workers' Electoral Group (AET)	2,825	0.51	n/a	0	n/a
	Democratic Left Front (FDI)	2,767	0.50	n/a	0	n/a
Blank ballots		1,166	0.21	n/a
Total		556,235			10	n/a
Valid votes		556,235	97.15	n/a
Invalid votes		16,313	2.85	n/a
Votes cast / turnout		572,548	76.38	n/a
Abstentions		177,024	23.62	n/a
Registered voters		749,572
Sources [16]

Notes

1. From 2023.
2. Until 2023.

References

1. "Real Decreto 1210/2024, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2024". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 December 2024.
2. Law 1/1977 (1977) , trans. prov. 1.
3. Const. Esp. (1978) , tit. III, ch. I, art. 68.
4. Const. Esp. (1978) , tit. VIII, ch. II, art. 141.
5. LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. I, art. 2.
6. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. I, art. 2.
7. Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
8. LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. VI, art. 75.
9. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
10. Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
11. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. II, ch. II, art. 19–20.
12. LOREG (1985) , tit. II, ch. III, art. 162–164.
13. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
14. RDL 20/1977 (1977) , tit. IV, art. 30–31 & 34.
15. LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 & tit. II, ch. V, art. 169.
16. "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 December 2024.

Bibliography

• Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política (Law 1/1977). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 4. 4 January 1977. ISSN   0212-033X. BOE-A-1977-165. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
• Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales (Royal Decree-Law 20/1977). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 70. 18 March 1977. ISSN   0212-033X. BOE-A-1977-7445. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
• Constitución Española (Spanish Constitution). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 311. 29 December 1978 [latest version]. ISSN   0212-033X. BOE-A-1978-31229. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
• Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5/1985). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 147. 19 June 1985 [latest version]. ISSN   0212-033X. BOE-A-1985-11672. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
• Carreras de Odriozola, Albert; Tafunell Sambola, Xavier (2005) [1989]. Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 1 (II ed.). Bilbao: Fundación BBVA. pp. 1072–1097. ISBN   84-96515-00-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015.

43°15′N2°59′W / 43.250°N 2.983°W / 43.250; -2.983