Blind polytope

Last updated

In geometry, a Blind polytope is a convex polytope composed of regular polytope facets. The category was named after the German couple Gerd and Roswitha Blind, who described them in a series of papers beginning in 1979. [1] It generalizes the set of semiregular polyhedra and Johnson solids to higher dimensions. [2]

Contents

Uniform cases

The set of convex uniform 4-polytopes (also called semiregular 4-polytopes) are completely known cases, nearly all grouped by their Wythoff constructions, sharing symmetries of the convex regular 4-polytopes and prismatic forms.

Set of convex uniform 5-polytopes, uniform 6-polytopes, uniform 7-polytopes, etc are largely enumerated as Wythoff constructions, but not known to be complete.

Other cases

Pyramidal forms: (4D)

  1. (Tetrahedral pyramid, ( ) ∨ {3,3}, a tetrahedron base, and 4 tetrahedral sides, a lower symmetry name of regular 5-cell.)
  2. Octahedral pyramid, ( ) ∨ {3,4}, an octahedron base, and 8 tetrahedra sides meeting at an apex.
  3. Icosahedral pyramid, ( ) ∨ {3,5}, an icosahedron base, and 20 tetrahedra sides.

Bipyramid forms: (4D)

  1. Tetrahedral bipyramid, { } + {3,3}, a tetrahedron center, and 8 tetrahedral cells on two side.
  2. (Octahedral bipyramid, { } + {3,4}, an octahedron center, and 8 tetrahedral cells on two side, a lower symmetry name of regular 16-cell.)
  3. Icosahedral bipyramid, { } + {3,5}, an icosahedron center, and 40 tetrahedral cells on two sides.

Augmented forms: (4D)

Convex Regular-Faced Polytopes

Blind polytopes are a subset of convex regular-faced polytopes (CRF). [4] This much larger set allows CRF 4-polytopes to have Johnson solids as cells, as well as regular and semiregular polyhedral cells.

For example, a cubic bipyramid has 12 square pyramid cells.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Convex uniform honeycomb</span> Spatial tiling of convex uniform polyhedra

In geometry, a convex uniform honeycomb is a uniform tessellation which fills three-dimensional Euclidean space with non-overlapping convex uniform polyhedral cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cuboctahedron</span> Polyhedron with 8 triangular faces and 6 square faces

A cuboctahedron is a polyhedron with 8 triangular faces and 6 square faces. A cuboctahedron has 12 identical vertices, with 2 triangles and 2 squares meeting at each, and 24 identical edges, each separating a triangle from a square. As such, it is a quasiregular polyhedron, i.e., an Archimedean solid that is not only vertex-transitive but also edge-transitive. It is radially equilateral.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Octahedron</span> Polyhedron with eight triangular faces

In geometry, an octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces. The term is most commonly used to refer to the regular octahedron, a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each vertex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Schläfli symbol</span> Notation that defines regular polytopes and tessellations

In geometry, the Schläfli symbol is a notation of the form that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uniform 4-polytope</span> Class of 4-dimensional polytopes

In geometry, a uniform 4-polytope is a 4-dimensional polytope which is vertex-transitive and whose cells are uniform polyhedra, and faces are regular polygons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Runcinated 5-cell</span> Four-dimensional geometrical object

In four-dimensional geometry, a runcinated 5-cell is a convex uniform 4-polytope, being a runcination of the regular 5-cell.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uniform polyhedron</span> Isogonal polyhedron with regular faces

In geometry, a uniform polyhedron has regular polygons as faces and is vertex-transitive. It follows that all vertices are congruent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rectified 5-cell</span> Uniform polychoron

In four-dimensional geometry, the rectified 5-cell is a uniform 4-polytope composed of 5 regular tetrahedral and 5 regular octahedral cells. Each edge has one tetrahedron and two octahedra. Each vertex has two tetrahedra and three octahedra. In total it has 30 triangle faces, 30 edges, and 10 vertices. Each vertex is surrounded by 3 octahedra and 2 tetrahedra; the vertex figure is a triangular prism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snub 24-cell</span>

In geometry, the snub 24-cell or snub disicositetrachoron is a convex uniform 4-polytope composed of 120 regular tetrahedral and 24 icosahedral cells. Five tetrahedra and three icosahedra meet at each vertex. In total it has 480 triangular faces, 432 edges, and 96 vertices. One can build it from the 600-cell by diminishing a select subset of icosahedral pyramids and leaving only their icosahedral bases, thereby removing 480 tetrahedra and replacing them with 24 icosahedra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cubic honeycomb</span> Only regular space-filling tessellation of the cube

The cubic honeycomb or cubic cellulation is the only proper regular space-filling tessellation in Euclidean 3-space made up of cubic cells. It has 4 cubes around every edge, and 8 cubes around each vertex. Its vertex figure is a regular octahedron. It is a self-dual tessellation with Schläfli symbol {4,3,4}. John Horton Conway called this honeycomb a cubille.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb</span> Quasiregular space-filling tesselation

The tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb, alternated cubic honeycomb is a quasiregular space-filling tessellation in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed of alternating regular octahedra and tetrahedra in a ratio of 1:2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Truncated 5-cell</span>

In geometry, a truncated 5-cell is a uniform 4-polytope formed as the truncation of the regular 5-cell.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Semiregular polytope</span> Isogonal polytope with regular facets

In geometry, by Thorold Gosset's definition a semiregular polytope is usually taken to be a polytope that is vertex-transitive and has all its facets being regular polytopes. E.L. Elte compiled a longer list in 1912 as The Semiregular Polytopes of the Hyperspaces which included a wider definition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uniform 5-polytope</span> Five-dimensional geometric shape

In geometry, a uniform 5-polytope is a five-dimensional uniform polytope. By definition, a uniform 5-polytope is vertex-transitive and constructed from uniform 4-polytope facets.

In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the snub 24-cell honeycomb, or snub icositetrachoric honeycomb is a uniform space-filling tessellation by snub 24-cells, 16-cells, and 5-cells. It was discovered by Thorold Gosset with his 1900 paper of semiregular polytopes. It is not semiregular by Gosset's definition of regular facets, but all of its cells (ridges) are regular, either tetrahedra or icosahedra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Octahedral pyramid</span>

In 4-dimensional geometry, the octahedral pyramid is bounded by one octahedron on the base and 8 triangular pyramid cells which meet at the apex. Since an octahedron has a circumradius divided by edge length less than one, the triangular pyramids can be made with regular faces by computing the appropriate height.

Roswitha Blind is a German mathematician, specializing in convex geometry, discrete geometry, and polyhedral combinatorics, and a politician and organizer for the Social Democratic Party of Germany in Stuttgart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetrahedral bipyramid</span>

In 4-dimensional geometry, the tetrahedral bipyramid is the direct sum of a tetrahedron and a segment, {3,3} + { }. Each face of a central tetrahedron is attached with two tetrahedra, creating 8 tetrahedral cells, 16 triangular faces, 14 edges, and 6 vertices. A tetrahedral bipyramid can be seen as two tetrahedral pyramids augmented together at their base.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Icosahedral bipyramid</span> Four dimensional pyramid

In 4-dimensional geometry, the icosahedral bipyramid is the direct sum of a icosahedron and a segment, {3,5} + { }. Each face of a central icosahedron is attached with two tetrahedra, creating 40 tetrahedral cells, 80 triangular faces, 54 edges, and 14 vertices. An icosahedral bipyramid can be seen as two icosahedral pyramids augmented together at their bases.

References

  1. Blind, R. (1979), "Konvexe Polytope mit kongruenten regulären -Seiten im ()", Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici (in German), 54 (2): 304–308, doi:10.1007/BF02566273, MR   0535060, S2CID   121754486
  2. Klitzing, Richard, "Johnson solids, Blind polytopes, and CRFs", Polytopes, retrieved 2022-11-14
  3. "aurap". bendwavy.org. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  4. "Johnson solids et al". bendwavy.org. Retrieved 10 April 2023.