This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Bolivia |
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Presidency |
General elections were held in Bolivia on 6 June 1993. [1] As no candidate for the presidency received over 50% of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a President on 4 August. Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement–Revolutionary Liberation Movement Tupaq Katari alliance was subsequently elected unopposed.
Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. The capital is Sucre while the seat of government and financial center is located in La Paz. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Llanos Orientales a mostly flat region in the east of Bolivia.
The Plurinational Legislative Assembly is the national legislature of Bolivia, placed in La Paz, the country's seat of government.
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada y Sánchez de Bustamante, familiarly known as "Goni", is a Bolivian politician and businessman, who served as President of Bolivia for two non-consecutive terms. He is a lifelong member of the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR). As Minister of Planning in the government of President Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Sánchez de Lozada used "shock therapy" in 1985 to cut hyperinflation from an estimated 25,000% to a single digit within a period of less than 6 weeks.
Prior to the elections the Nationalist Democratic Action and Revolutionary Left Movement parties formed the Patriotic Accord alliance, whilst eight left-wing parties continued the United Left coalition. [2]
Nationalist Democratic Action is a right-wing political party in Bolivia led by Dr. Freddy Terrazas Salas. ADN was founded on March 23, 1979 by the military dictator Hugo Banzer after he stepped down from power. It later expanded to include the Revolutionary Left Party (PIR) and a faction of the Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB). As leader of the ADN, Banzer ran in the 1979, 1980, 1985, 1989, 1993, and 1997 presidential elections. He obtained third place in 1979 and 1980, and won a plurality of the 1985 vote, but, since he did not attain the 50% necessary for direct election, Congress selected the chief executive. Its choice was the second-place finisher, Dr. Víctor Paz Estenssoro.
The Revolutionary Left Movement - New Majority is a social democratic political party in Bolivia. It was a member of the Socialist International.
The Patriotic Accord was an electoral pact between Hugo Banzer's Nationalist Democratic Action and the Revolutionary Left Movement between 1993 and 1997. In the 1993 Bolivian general election the alliance got 21.1%.
Party | Presidential candidate | Votes | % | Seats | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chamber | +/– | Senate | +/– | ||||
MNR–MRTKL | Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada | 585,837 | 35.6 | 52 | +12 | 17 | +8 |
Patriotic Accord (ADN–MIR) | Hugo Banzer | 346,865 | 21.1 | 35 | –36 | 8 | –8 |
CONDEPA–MP | Carlos Palenque | 235,427 | 14.3 | 13 | +4 | 1 | –1 |
Civic Solidarity Union | Max Fernández Rojas | 226,816 | 13.8 | 20 | New | 1 | New |
Free Bolivia Movement | Antonio Araníbar Quiroga | 88,260 | 5.4 | 7 | – | 0 | 0 |
Bolivian Renewal Alliance | Casanio Ancalle Choque | 30,867 | 1.9 | 1 | New | 0 | New |
Alternative to Democratic Socialism | Jerjes Justiniano Talavera | 30,286 | 1.8 | 1 | New | 0 | New |
Revolutionary Vanguard of 9 April | Carlos Serrate Reich | 21,100 | 1.3 | 0 | New | 0 | New |
Bolivian Socialist Falange | Mario Serrate Paz | 20,947 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Axis of Patriotic Accordance | Félix Aguilar | 18,176 | 1.1 | 1 | – | 0 | – |
United Left | Ramiro Romero | 16,137 | 0.9 | 0 | –10 | 0 | 0 |
National Katarista Movement | Fernando Untoja Choque | 12,627 | 0.8 | 0 | New | 0 | New |
National Organisation of Independents | Oscar Bonifáz | 8,096 | 0.5 | 0 | New | 0 | New |
Democratic Federalist Movement | Carlos Valverde | 6,269 | 0.4 | 0 | New | 0 | New |
Invalid/blank votes | 83,599 | – | – | – | – | – | |
Total | 1,731,309 | 100 | 130 | 0 | 27 | 0 | |
Registered votes/turnout | 2,399,197 | 72.2 | – | – | – | – | |
Source: Nohlen |
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was the only candidate in the Congressional election, and was supported by his own MNR–MRTKL alliance, as well as the Civic Solidarity Union and the Free Bolivia Movement. All other parties abstained from voting. [3]
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement is a Bolivian political party and the leading force behind the Bolivian National Revolution. It influenced much of the country's history since 1941.
The Revolutionary Liberation Movement Tupaq Katari is a left-wing political party in Bolivia.
The Free Bolivia Movement is a progressive political party in Bolivia. The party was formed on January 15, 1985, following a split in MIR. Initially the party was known as MIR Bolivia Libre. At the legislative elections in 2002, the party won in alliance with the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement 26.9% of the popular vote and 36 out of 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 11 out of 27 seats in the Senate.
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
---|---|---|---|
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada | MNR–MRTKL | 97 | 100 |
Invalid/blank votes | 0 | – | |
Total | 97 | 100 | |
Registered voters/turnout | 157 | 61.8 | |
Source: Morales |
The politics of Bolivia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president is head of state, head of government and head of a diverse multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. Both the Judiciary and the electoral branch are independent of the executive and the legislature. After the 2014 election, 53.1% of the seats in national parliament were held by women, a higher proportion of women than that of the population.
Jaime Paz Zamora was President of Bolivia from August 6, 1989 to August 6, 1993. He also served as Vice-President between 1982 and 1984.
Elections in Bolivia gives information on elections and election results in Bolivia.
The New Republican Force is a center-right political party in Bolivia. It is mainly based in the department of Cochabamba.
The Christian Democratic Party is a progressive Christian-democratic political party in Bolivia.
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