Botryobasidium | |
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Botryobasidium candicans | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Agaricomycetes |
Order: | Cantharellales |
Family: | Botryobasidiaceae |
Genus: | Botryobasidium Donk (1931) |
Type species | |
Botryobasidium subcoronatum | |
Synonyms | |
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Botryobasidium is a genus of corticioid fungi belonging to the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are ephemeral and typically form thin, web-like, white to cream, effused patches on the underside of fallen branches, logs, and leaf litter. Several species form anamorphs producing chlamydospores. All species are wood- or litter-rotting saprotrophs and the genus has a worldwide distribution.
The genus was first described by Dutch mycologist M.A. Donk in 1931. [2] Species had previously been referred to the genus Corticium , formerly used for most corticioid fungi with effused fruit bodies. Donk recognized a group of species within Corticium that (microscopically) produced basidia in "botryose" clusters (hence Botryobasidium), had wide, often right-angled hyphae, large two- to eight-spored basidia, and smooth basidiospores. He described a second genus, Botryohypochnus, for species with ornamented basidiospores. [2] The genus was later monographed by Langer (1994) who included Botryohypochnus within the generic concept of Botryobasidium. [3]
Asexual anamorphic forms, producing chlamydospores but not basidia and basidiospores, had been treated separately and given a variety of generic names. These were reviewed by Holubová-Jechková (1980) who considered most of these genera synonymous with Haplotrichum, the anamorphic state of Botryobasidium. [4]
Following changes to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, the practice of giving different names to teleomorph and anamorph forms of the same fungus has been discontinued, meaning that Haplotrichum and other anamorph genera have become synonyms of Botryobasidium. [5] Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, indicates that the genus (including Botryohypochnus) is monophyletic and forms a natural group within the Cantharellales. [6]
The Cantharellales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order includes not only the chanterelles (Cantharellaceae), but also some of the tooth fungi (Hydnaceae), clavarioid fungi, and corticioid fungi (Botryobasidiaceae). Species within the order are variously ectomycorrhizal, saprotrophic, associated with orchids, or facultative plant pathogens. Those of economic importance include edible and commercially collected Cantharellus, Craterellus, and Hydnum species as well as crop pathogens in the genera Ceratobasidium and Thanatephorus (Rhizoctonia).
Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt was a Prussian-born Dutch botanist. He is considered to be the founding father of Bogor Botanical Garden in Indonesia.
Santanadactylus was a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Albian-age Romualdo Member of the Upper Cretaceous Santana Formation, of Barra do Jardim, Araripe Plateau, Ceará State, Brazil. Four species have been named, but today are no considered congeneric with each other. It was a rather large pterosaur.
Oxyporus is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Schizoporaceae. An individual family Oxyporaceae was described for the genus. A number of species in this genus are plant pathogens, causing a white rot. The genus is widely distributed.
Hydnellum is a genus of tooth fungi in the family Bankeraceae. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, the genus contains around 40 species. The fruitbodies of its members grow by slowly enveloping nearby bits of grass and vegetation. There is great variability in the form of Hydnellum fruitbodies, which are greatly influenced by environmental conditions such as rainfall and humidity, drying winds, and temperature. They are too tough and woody to eat comfortably. Several species have become the focus of increasing conservation concern following widespread declines in abundance.
The Phanerochaetaceae are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales.
The Botryobasidiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cantharellales. The family contains a group of corticioid fungi that form thin, web-like basidiocarps. Some species form asexual anamorphs producing chlamydospores. All are believed to be wood-rotting or litter-rotting saprotrophs. None is known to be of any economic importance.
Phellodon is a genus of tooth fungi in the family Bankeraceae. Species have small- to medium-sized fruitbodies with white spines on the underside from which spores are released. All Phellodon have a short stalk or stipe, and so the genus falls into the group known as stipitate hydnoid fungi. The tough and leathery flesh usually has a pleasant, fragrant odor, and develops a cork-like texture when dry. Neighboring fruitbodies can fuse, sometimes producing large mats of joined caps. Phellodon species produce a white spore print, while the individual spores are roughly spherical to ellipsoid in shape, with spiny surfaces.
Trichaptum is a genus of poroid fungi. The genus was circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1904. Formerly classified in the family Polyporaceae, several molecular studies have shown that the genus belongs to the order Hymenochaetales.
Mycoacia is a genus of toothed crust fungi in the family Meruliaceae. It was circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk in 1931.
Ceriporia is a widely distributed genus of crust fungi.
Marinus Anton Donk was a Dutch mycologist. He specialized in the taxonomy and nomenclature of mushrooms. Rolf Singer wrote in his obituary that he was "one of the most outstanding figures of contemporary mycology."
Rhizoctonia is a genus of fungi in the order Cantharellales. Species form thin, effused, corticioid basidiocarps, but are most frequently found in their sterile, anamorphic state. Rhizoctonia species are saprotrophic, but some are also facultative plant pathogens, causing commercially important crop diseases. Some are also endomycorrhizal associates of orchids. The genus name was formerly used to accommodate many superficially similar, but unrelated fungi.
Clavariadelphus ligula, commonly known as the strap coral, is a species of fungi in the family Gomphaceae. It produces club-shaped fruit bodies with spongy flesh that grow in groups on the forest floor. It is found in Asia, Europe, and North America.
Clavulina amethystina is a species of coral fungus in the family Clavulinaceae.
Daniëlle van de Donk is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for French Division 1 Féminine club Olympique Lyonnais and the Netherlands national team. She helped her national team to win the UEFA Women's Euro 2017 and finish second at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.
Ceriporia purpurea is a species of crust fungus in the family Irpicaceae. It was first described by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1821 as Polyporus purpureus. Marinus Anton Donk gave the fungus its current name when he transferred it to the genus Ceriporia in 1971.
The Irpicaceae are a family of mostly polypores and crust fungi in the order Polyporales.
Jkvr. Cécile Wilhelmina Elisabeth Jeanne Petronella de Jong van Beek en Donk was a Dutch feminist writer.
Chromocyphella muscicola is a fungus of the genus Chromocyphella. It is cup-shaped, with an upper surface covered with fine hairs and a smooth underside. The species reaches a diameter of about 4 mm across.