Bufo bankorensis

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Bufo bankorensis
Bufo bankorensis.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Bufo
Species:
B. bankorensis
Binomial name
Bufo bankorensis
Barbour, 1908
Bufo bankorensis Taroko Canyon Taiwan.jpg

Bufo bankorensis (vernacular names: Central Formosa toad, Bankor toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. [2] It is endemic to Taiwan [2] [3] [4] and widely distributed at elevations up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level. [3] [4] There have been doubts about its separatedness from Bufo gargarizans from China and even other species, [2] but it is currently considered a valid species. [2] [3] [4]

Contents

Description

B. bankorensis is a large toad that can reach 15 cm (5.9 in), [3] even 20 cm (7.9 in) in snout–vent length. [4] Females are larger than males. [4] The snout is short. Dorsolateral ridge is absent. The tympanum is not prominent. The parotoid glands are kidney-shaped. Skin is rough and covered with pointed tubercles of various size. Coloration is light brown color with orange, yellow, or black markings. [3]

Habitat and conservation

B. bankorensis are found in a range of habitats at elevations up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft): [3] [4] broadleaf forests, cultivated fields, mixed forests, and orchards. [1] They can be seen foraging on insects during rainy nights. [3] [4] Breeding can take place in both streams and pools. [1] [3] [4] One study found that a temperate population could breed throughout the year, while a subtropical population only bred during the cooler part of year, from September to March. [5]

While B. bankorensis is a common species, habitat loss remains a threat to it. It is also collected for food and traditional medicine. [1]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Bufo bankorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T54582A48987246. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T54582A48987246.en . Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Bufo bankorensis Barbour, 1908". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lue, Kuang-Yang. "Bufo bankorensis". BiotaTaiwanica. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Yang Yiru (2014). "Bufo bankorensis Barbour, 1908". In K. T. Shao (ed.). Taiwan Encyclopedia of Life (in Chinese). Forest Service and Academia Sinica. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  5. Huang, Wen-San; Yu, John Yuh-Lin (2005). "Reproductive characteristics of Bufo bankorensis at two elevations in Taiwan". Zoological Science. 22 (1): 111–117. doi:10.2108/zsj.22.111. PMID   15684591. S2CID   8418427.