The place where Bumi Harapan village stands now was once a peat swamp and wilderness. Then around the 1960s, the Indonesian president at that time, Suharto, carried out transmigration to manage the land in that region, by bringing in people, especially from Java.[4]
After it became more and more populated, Bumi Harapan, which was formerly known as Sepaku IV, was originally an area formed from the merger of transmigration areas in Sukaraja and Bukit Raya villages in Sepaku district. It was finally designated as a village in 1985. The majority of the population are farmers from Java.[5] Bumi Harapan went by its current name on 5 March 1999, after the enactment of a gubernatorial decree, which affected all numbered villages in Sepaku (excluding Semoi II or Semoi Dua).[6]
Demographics
Bumi Harapan is mostly inhabited by Javanese transmigrants, besides that there are native Paser and Balik peoples, as well as other ethnic groups.[7] Where the Balik Benuo Sepaku people is the customary land owner in this village.[8]
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