The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 19 genera and 601 species in the family.
Rhizocarpon is a genus of crustose, saxicolous, lecideoid lichens in the family Rhizocarpaceae. The genus is common in arctic-alpine environments, but also occurs throughout temperate, subtropical, and even tropical regions. They are commonly known as map lichens because of the prothallus forming border-like bands between colonies in some species, like the common map lichen.
The Caliciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Although the family has had its classification changed several times throughout its taxonomic history, the use of modern molecular phylogenetic methods have helped to establish its current placement in the order Caliciales. Caliciaceae contains 39 genera and about 670 species. The largest genus is Buellia, with around 300 species; there are more than a dozen genera that contain only a single species.
Scoliciosporum is a genus of lichens in the family Scoliciosporaceae.
Hydropunctaria is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. The genus includes both aquatic and amphibious species, with members that colonise either marine or freshwater habitats. The type species, Hydropunctaria maura, was formerly classified in the large genus Verrucaria. It is a widely distributed species common to littoral zones. Including the type species, five Hydropunctaria lichens are considered marine species: H. adriatica, H. amphibia, H. aractina, H. orae, and H. oceanica.
Atrophysma is a fungal genus in the family Pannariaceae. It contains the single species Atrophysma cyanomelanos, a crustose lichen found only in Alaska.
Halecania athallina is a species of lichen in the family Leprocaulaceae. Found in Alaska, it was described as new to science in 2020 by British lichenologist Alan Fryday. The type specimen was discovered in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area in Glacier Bay National Park. There it was found growing on argillite rock on an alpine heath with rock outcrops.
Porpidia seakensis is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. It is an endolithic species, meaning it grows inside the rocks, between the grains. Found only in Alaska, it was formally described as a new species in 2020 by British lichenologist Alan Fryday. The type specimen was collected in the Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, in Glacier Bay National Park. Here it was discovered growing on granitic rock in a woodland. The lichen is only known from this area, although it is locally common. Its preferred habitat is siliceous rocks and boulders in wooded areas that are open and well lit. The specific epithet seakensis uses the letters "seak" to refer to a standard abbreviation for southeast Alaska.
Bacidina circumpulla is a species of crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found in Alaska and British Columbia, it was described as a new species in 2020 by Stefan Ekman.
Sclerococcum fissurinae is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the family Dactylosporaceae. Found in Alaska, it was formally described as a new species in 2020 by Sergio Pérez-Ortega. The type specimen was collected in the Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, just outside of Glacier Bay National Park. Here it was found growing on the script lichen species Fissurina insidiosa, which itself was growing on the bark of an alder tree. The specific epithet refers to its host.
Sagiolechia phaeospora is a species of crustose lichen in the family Sagiolechiaceae. It is found in the alpine tundra of Alaska.
Tetramelas confusus is a species of crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. Found in the South Island of New Zealand, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by Anders Nordin. The type specimen was collected by David J. Galloway in the Old Man Range / Kopuwai (Otago) at an elevation of 1,200 m (3,900 ft). The lichen is only known to occur in the Central Otago mountains, where it grows in alpine grasslands on dead grass, plant detritus, and old rabbit droppings. It has a thin, creamy-white to greyish-white thallus that spreads irregularly. Its ascospores are ellipsoid in shape, thin-walled with a single septum, and measure 13–25 by 5–7·5 μm. Secondary chemicals found in the lichen include 6-O-methylarthothelin (major) and atranorin (minor). Similar species include T. papillatus, T. insignis, and T. graminicolus.
Fuscidea texana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Fuscideaceae. Found in the United States, it was formally described as a new species in 2008 by lichenologist Alan Fryday. The type specimen was collected by Clifford Wetmore from the north slope of Emory Peak in Big Bend National Park (Texas) at an elevation of 6,300 ft (1,900 m). The pale pinkish-grey areolate thalli of Fuscidea texana are up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter, and have a distinct margin. Its ascospores are thick-walled and measure 8–9 by 4.5–5.5 μm. The lichen contains norstictic acid, a secondary compound. Fuscidea texana is only known from the original type collection, dating from 1970. The specific epithet refers to its type locality.
Xenolecia cataractarum is a species of saxicolous and crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. It is only known to occur on Campbell Island, New Zealand.
The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to lichens.
Catillaria gilbertii is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Catillariaceae. It is found in the Central Highlands of Scotland.
Buellia peregrina is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It is found in the Namib desert in Namibia.
Protopannaria campbellensis is a rare species of lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It is found in the southern New Zealand shelf islands. It is unique due to its specific structure and lack of lichen products, which are typically found in related species. The lichen is found in wet grasslands and upland peat bogs.
Schaereria porpidioides is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Schaereriaceae. It is found in the Falkland Islands.
