Caladenia macroclavia

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Large-club spider orchid
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Caladenia
Species:
C. macroclavia
Binomial name
Caladenia macroclavia
Synonyms [1]
  • Arachnorchis macroclavia(D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
  • Calonema macroclavium(D.L.Jones) Szlach.
  • Calonemorchis macroclavia(D.L.Jones) Szlach.

Caladenia macroclavia, commonly known as the large-club spider orchid, [2] or brown bayonets, [3] is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and a single green to yellowish-green flower with dark red central stripes. It is a rare species and in 2006 the total population was estimated to be between 35 and 80 mature plants.

Contents

Description

Caladenia macroclavia is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single, lance-shaped, dull green hairy leaf, 80–140 mm (3–6 in) long and 10–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) wide with irregular reddish-purple blotches. Usually only a single green to yellowish-green flower with dark red, central stripes is borne on a thin, wiry, hairy spike 150–280 mm (6–10 in) tall. The sepals have dark brown, rather flat, bayonet-shaped, club-like glandular tips 12–16 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long. The dorsal sepal curves forward and is 45–60 mm (1.8–2.4 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide. The lateral sepals are a similar length to the dorsal sepal but slightly wider, curve downwards and are nearly parallel to each other. The petals are 30–35 mm (1.2–1.4 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide curve downwards. The labellum has an elongated heart-shape, about 18–22 mm (0.7–0.9 in) long and 14–18 mm (0.6–0.7 in) wide and is green or yellowish green with a dark red tip. The tip of the labellum curls under and there are between six and seven thin green teeth up to 5 mm (0.2 in) long on each side of the labellum. There are four crowded rows of calli up to 2 mm (0.08 in) long along the mid-line of the labellum. Flowering occurs from August to October. [4] [3] [2]

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia macroclavia was first formally described by David Jones in 1991 from a specimen collected near Minlaton, and the description was published in Australian Orchid Research. [1] The specific epithet (macroclavia) is derived from the Ancient Greek word μακρός makros meaning "long" [5] :502 and the Latin word clava meaning "club", [5] :213 referring to the long "clubs" on the sepals. [3]

Distribution and habitat

The large-club spider orchid grows in mallee woodland on the Yorke Peninsula.

Conservation

The total population of C. macroclavia was estimated in 2006 to be between 35 and 80 mature plants in five populations, with 95% of the individual plants in one sub-population on private land and fewer than five plants in each of the other populations. The species is listed as "Endangered" under the South Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act and the Commonwealth Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Caladenia integra</i>

Caladenia integra, commonly known as the smooth-lipped spider orchid is a species of plant in the orchid family, Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It can be distinguished by its distinctive smooth-edged labellum and its upswept lateral sepals.

<i>Caladenia cardiochila</i>

Caladenia cardiochila, commonly known as thick-lipped spider-orchid, fleshy-lipped caladenia and heartlip spider-orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Victoria and South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and one or two yellowish-green, red-striped flowers on a thin, wiry stem.

Caladenia conferta, commonly known as the crowded spider orchid or coast spider-orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to a restricted area in South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf, and usually a single yellowish-green flower with red markings on a wiry, hairy stalk.

<i>Caladenia fitzgeraldii</i>

Caladenia fitzgeraldii, commonly known as Fitzgerald's spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and usually only one greenish-yellow and red flower.

<i>Caladenia gladiolata</i>

Caladenia gladiolata, commonly known as small bayonet spider orchid, smelly socks or simply bayonet orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and one or two yellowish or brownish flowers with red stripes and unusual tips on the sepals and petals.

Caladenia helvina, commonly known as the summer spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and usually a single greenish-yellow to pale yellow flower with reddish teeth on the sides of the labellum and reddish calli along its mid-line.

<i>Caladenia longiclavata</i>

Caladenia longiclavata, commonly known as the clubbed spider orchid is a species of plant in the orchid family, Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a widespread and common orchid with a single, hairy leaf and one or two greenish-yellow, white and red flowers and which grows in the area between Perth and Albany.

Caladenia necrophylla, commonly known as late green-comb spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to South Australia. It has a single leaf and a single yellowish-green flower with red lines along the sepals and petals. It is unusual in that the leaf has completely withered before the flower opens, and sometimes even before the flower spike appears.

<i>Caladenia phaeoclavia</i>

Caladenia phaeoclavia, commonly known as the brown-clubbed spider orchid is a species of orchid endemic to New South Wales. It has a single, hairy leaf and a single light to dark green flower with red stripes and thick, brownish club-like tips on the sepals.

<i>Caladenia reticulata</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia reticulata, commonly known as the veined spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Victoria and South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single, hairy leaf and usually only one yellowish-green and red flower.

Caladenia richardsiorum, commonly known as the little dip spider orchid, Richards' spider orchid or robe spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single erect, hairy leaf and usually only one yellowish-green flower. It is similar to the endangered Mellblom's spider orchid but has a much larger leaf and the petals lack glandular tips.

<i>Caladenia verrucosa</i>

Caladenia verrucosa, commonly known as the mallee spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single, hairy leaf and usually only one greenish-yellow and red flower.

<i>Caladenia septuosa</i>

Caladenia septuosa, commonly known as the Koppio spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single erect, sparsely hairy leaf and usually only one greenish-cream flower with red stripes along the sepals and petals.

<i>Caladenia tessellata</i>

Caladenia tessellata, commonly known as the thick-lip spider-orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and one or two yellowish-green flowers with dark red markings.

Caladenia stellata, commonly known as the starry spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single, hairy leaf and usually only one greenish-cream flower with red markings.

<i>Caladenia stricta</i>

Caladenia stricta, commonly known as the upright spider orchid or rigid-combed spider-orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single leaf and usually only one pale green flower with red lines along the sepals and petals.

<i>Caladenia tentaculata</i>

Caladenia tentaculata, commonly known as the eastern mantis orchid, large green-comb, green comb or fringed spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single, hairy leaf and up to three green flowers with red stripes on the sepals and petals.

<i>Caladenia toxochila</i>

Caladenia toxochila, commonly known as the bow-lip spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single, sparsely hairy leaf and one or two yellowish-green flowers with red stripes. It occurs in Victoria and South Australia and resembles the related Caladenia concinna from New South Wales.

<i>Caladenia villosissima</i>

Caladenia villosissima, commonly known as the hairy spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Victoria. It is a ground orchid with a single densely hairy leaf and a single pale green flower with red stripes along the sepals and petals. It is a poorly known species and there is insufficient information about its distribution and abundance to determine whether or not it is endangered.

Caladenia interanea, commonly known as the inland spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and a single green flower with dark red stripes.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Caladenia macroclavia". APNI. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 "Recovery plan for twelve threatened orchids in the Lofty block region of South Australia" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 91. ISBN   1877069124.
  4. ↑ Jones, David L. (1991). "New taxa of Australian Orchidaceae". Australian Orchid Research. 2: 28–29.
  5. 1 2 Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
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