Caldalkalibacillus is an aerobic and spore-forming genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae the stains either Gram-positive or Gram-variable.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The type species of this genus is Caldalkalibacillus thermarum.[7]
Caldalkalibacillusmannanilyticus was previously a species belonging to Bacillus, a genus that has been recognized as displaying extensive polyphyly and has been restricted by recent phylogenetic studies to only include species closely related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus.[8][9]
The name Caldalkalibacillus is derived from the prefix "-caldalkali" (from the Latin adjective caldus, which translates to "hot" and the Latin noun alkali), and the suffix "-bacillus" (from the Latin noun bacillus, referring to a small rod).[1] Together, Caldalkalibacillus translates to bacillus living under hot and alkaline conditions).
Biochemical Characteristics and Molecular Signatures
Members of this genus are aerobic and some are motile and endospore-forming. Colonies formed are either yellow or yellowish-white in colour. Temperature range for growth is 20–65°C, with optimum growth temperature for C. mannanilyticus around 37°C, whereas C. thermarum grows optimally at 60°C. The pH range for growth is 7.5–10, with optimal growth occurring around pH 8.5–9.0.[9]
Four conserved signature indels (CSIs) were identified through genomic analyses for this genus in the following proteins: prephenate dehydrogenase, isoprenyl transferase, DUF1027 domain-containing protein and adenine deaminase, which in most cases are exclusively shared by either all or most members of this genus.[9][3] These CSIs provide a reliable molecular means of distinguishing Caldalkalibacillus species from other Bacillaceae genera and bacteria.
Phylogeny
Caldalkalibacillus, as of May 2021, contains a total of 3 species with validly published names.[1][10] This branching pattern is also observed in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB).[11]
1 2 Parker, Charles Thomas; Osier, Nicole Danielle; Garrity, George M (2009). Parker, Charles Thomas; Garrity, George M. (eds.). "Nomenclature Abstract for Caldalkalibacillus Xue et al. 2006 emend. Zhao et al. 2008". The NamesforLife Abstracts. doi:10.1601/nm.10093.
↑ Schagerl, Michael (2016). Soda Lakes of East Africa. Springer. ISBN9783319286228.
↑ Falkiewicz-Dulik, Michalina; Janda, Katarzyna; Wypych, George (2015). Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostablization. Elsevier. ISBN9781927885024.
↑ Vos, Paul; Garrity, George; Jones, Dorothy; Krieg, Noel R.; Ludwig, Wolfgang; Rainey, Fred A.; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz; Whitman, William B. (2011). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 3: The Firmicutes. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN9780387684895.
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