Caldibacillus | |
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Genus: | Caldibacillus Coorevits et al. 2012 |
Type species | |
Caldibacillus debilis (Banat et al. 2004) Coorevits et al. 2012 | |
Species [1] | |
Caldibacillus is a facultative anaerobe genus of bacteria that stains Gram-positive (except for Caldibacillus debilis) from the family of Bacillaceae. [2] [3] [4] The type species of this genus is Caldibacillus debilis. [1]
Members of Caldibacillus were previously species (except for the type species, Caldibacillus debilis) belonging to Bacillus , a genus that has been recognized as displaying extensive polyphyly and phylogenetic heterogeneity due to the vague criteria [5] (such as the ability to form endospores in the presence of oxygen) [6] previously used to assign species to this clade. Multiple studies using comparative phylogenetic analyses have been published in an attempt to clarify the evolutionary relationships between Bacillus species, resulting in the establishment of numerous novel genera such as Alkalihalobacillus , Brevibacillus, Solibacillus , Alicyclobacillus, Virgibacillus and Evansella . [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] In addition, the genus Bacillus has been restricted to only include species closely related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. [7] [12]
The name Caldibacillus is derived from the prefix "-caldi" (from the Latin adjective caldus which translates to "warm, hot") and the suffix "-bacillus" (from the Latin noun bacillus, referring to a small staff or rod). [1] Together, Caldibacillus translates to a warm bacillus, referring to the organism's thermophily.
Members of this genus are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic and found in mainly in saline lakes. All members can produce endospores and some are motile. Temperature range for growth is 25–70 °C. For some species optimum growth temperature is in the range 30–37 °C, while a few other species such as C. debilis and C. thermoamylovorans are obligate thermophiles with optimum growth temperatures of 65 and 50°C, respectively. [12]
Genomic analyses identified eight conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are exclusively present in this genus in the following proteins: DHH family phosphoesterase, tRNA uridine-5- carboxymethylaminomethyl(34) synthesis enzyme MnmG, O-succinylbenzoate-CoA ligase, tetratricopeptide repeat protein, d-alanyl-d-alanine carboxypeptidase, ribonuclease Z, late competence protein ComER, and DNA polymerase III subunit delta. [12] These CSIs provide a reliable molecular method of differentiating Caldibacillus species from other Bacillaceae genera and bacteria.
Caldibacillus, as of May 2021, contains a total of 6 species with validly published names. [1] This genus was identified as a monophyletic clade and phylogenetically unrelated to other Bacillus species in studies examining the taxonomic relationships within Bacillus. [12] This branching pattern is also observed in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB). [13]
Two non-validly published species, "Bacillus andreaoultii" and "Bacillus kwashiorkori", is also found to group with other members of Caldibacillus in phylogenetic trees as well as share the same molecular markers in the form of conserved signature indels (CSIs). [12] However, its transfer was not officially proposed due to the lack of culture strain information. Further revision of this genus is required as additional genomes and novel species are discovered and assigned.
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [14]
16S rRNA based LTP_01_2022 [15] [16] [17] | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207 [18] [19] [20] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Alkalihalobacillus is a genus of gram-positive or gram-variable rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus.
Neobacillus is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria that show Gram-positive or Gram-variable staining. This genus belongs under the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species of Neobacillus is Neobacillus niacini.
Peribacillus is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria that exhibits Gram-positive or Gram-variable staining that belongs in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Peribacillus simplex.
Mesobacillus is a genus of gram-positive or gram-variable, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Mesobacillus jeotgali.
Alteribacter is a genus of Gram-positive or Gram-variable, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Alteribacter auranticus.
Ectobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Ectobacillus panaciterrae.
Evansella is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Evansella cellulosilytica.
Ferdinandcohnia is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria that generally display Gram-positive staining in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Ferdinandcohnia humi.
Heyndrickxia is a genus of gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Heyndrickxia oleronia.
Lederbergia is a genus of gram-positive or Gram-variable, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales. The type species for this genus is Lederbergia galactosidilyticus.
Margalitia is a genus of gram-positive or gram-variable rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Margalitia shackletonii.
Niallia is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Niallia circulans.
Priestia is a genus of mostly Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Priestia megaterium.
Robertmurraya is a genus of mostly Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Robertmurraya siralis.
Rossellomorea is a genus of Gram-Positive or Gram-variable staining rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Rossellomorea aquimaris.
Schinkia is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Schinkia azotoformans.
Siminovitchia is a genus of Gram-Positive or Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Siminovitchia fortii.
Sutcliffiella is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Sutcliffiella cohnii.
Weizmannia is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Weizmannia coagulans.
Alkalicoccus is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae from the order Bacillales. The type species of this genus is Alkalicoccus saliphilus.
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: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link)