Campnosperma brevipetiolatum | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Sapindales |
Family: | Anacardiaceae |
Genus: | Campnosperma |
Species: | C. brevipetiolatum |
Binomial name | |
Campnosperma brevipetiolatum | |
Synonyms [2] | |
Campnosperma brevipetiolatum is a species of tree in the Anacardiaceae family. It is native to an area in the west Pacific and Malesia from the Santa Cruz Islands to the Caroline Islands and Sulawesi. It is commonly used for its timber, including for canoe making, but also for oil-production and medicine. It has been used as an indicator species to identify 19th century sites of indigenous occupation in the Solomon Islands.
This species was named by the German botanist Georg Volkens, who carried out research in the Caroline and Mariana Islands and at the then Buitenzorg Botanical Gardens in Jawa. He described the species in 1901 in the article 'Die Vegetation der Karolinen, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der von Yap' in the periodical Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie (Leipzig). [3] [4]
The tree grows up to 50 m tall. [1] The trunk can be up to 100 cm diameter at breast height. [5] The trunk is often tapered, with a roughly flat crown supported by large upward limbs. The fruit is magenta coloured and about 5mm in diameter. In the Solomon Islands it is sometimes found growing in pure stands.
The species is native to an area in the west Pacific and eastern Malesia, from the Santa Cruz Islands to the Caroline Islands and Sulawesi. [2] Countries and regions in which the taxa occurs are: Solomon Islands (including Santa Cruz Islands); Federated States of Micronesia (Caroline Islands); Palau); Papua Niugini (PNG, including Bougainville, Bismarck Archipelago, eastern New Guinea); Indonesia (West Papua, Maluku Islands, Sulawesi).
The plant usually grows in lowland forests, up to 500m altitude. [1] It is at times dominant or co-dominant, and can successfully regenerate in cleared or logged lands.
In the vicinity of the Hindenberg Wall, PNG, the tree is found growing at some 1495-770m altitude, in a forest with characterised by the following arboreal species: Syzygium species, Buchanania macrocarpa , C. brevipetiolatum, Opucunonia nymannii , Pimelodendron amboinicum , Planchonella and Calophyllum species with scattered Pandanus . [6]
In the Mappi Regency in West Papua, the species grows abundantly in swamp forest and to a lesser extent in secondary dryland forest. [7] It occurs as solitary trees, as opposed to clumps/clusters of the same taxa.
While the species has a wide distribution, large population and there are no current and future major threats, there is pressure from logging and deforestation and this results in a precautionary rating of Least Concern. [1]
The taxa is predominantly used for timber, with logging occurring for local and national purposes. [1] The timber is used in construction, and furniture and musical instrument making. Plywood, veneers and novelties have also been produced. Locally, canoe making and oil extraction occurs from the tree. Diumi-oil and tigaso-oil are used for veterinary and medicinal uses. The tree is used for reforestation in the Solomon Islands, readily growing.
The Yachai people of the Mappi Regency, West Papua, use the tree for canoe-making, but the supply has been much reduced by logging. [7]
The tree has been used as an indicator of century-old disturbance on New Georgia, Solomons. 19th Century areas of settlement, swiddens and taro field terraces are marked by forest stands with the species, recognisable in aerial photography. [10]
People living in Bangus and Mariawai villages, East Sepik Province, PNG use the raw sap of the plant administered topically to treat ulcers. [8]
Dysoxylum is a flowering plant genus of trees and shrubs from the mahogany family, Meliaceae.
Dendrocnide is a genus of approximately 40 species of plants in the nettle family Urticaceae. They have a wide distribution across North East India, Southeast Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands. In Australia they are commonly known as stinging trees.
Alsophila crassicaula, synonym Cyathea ledermannii, is a species of tree fern native to Papua New Guinea and Bougainville Province in the Solomon Islands, where it is common in submontane rain forest at an altitude of 1000–3000 m. The trunk of this plant is erect and grows to about 3 m in height. Fronds may be bi- or tripinnate and up to 2 m in length. The rachis is purplish brown in colouration and usually bears basal scales. These scales range from pale, to brown, to bicoloured. Sori are borne on each side of the pinnule midvein. They are protected by firm indusia.
Aglaia edulis is a tree species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It occurs in Tropical Asia from India to Yunnan and South-Central China. The wood and timber are used for various purposes.
Aglaia spectabilis is a species of tree in the family Meliaceae, found from the Santa Cruz Islands in the southwest Pacific to Queensland (Australia), Southeast Asia, Yunnan (Zhōngguó/China) and the Indian subcontinent. It grows from a 1m shrub to an emergent 40m tall tree, depending on the habitat. Its wood is commercially exploited as timber, but otherwise is of poor quality with limited use. The fruit are eaten, and used in folk medicine. The seeds are large in comparison to other plants, and a major source of dispersal of the species are hornbills eating the fruit, flying away from the tree and regurgitating the seeds.
Epipremnum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae, found in tropical forests from China, the Himalayas, and Southeast Asia to Australia the western Pacific. They are evergreen perennial vines climbing with the aid of aerial roots. They may be confused with other Monstereae such as Rhaphidophora, Scindapsus and Amydrium.
Gymnostoma is a genus of about eighteen species of trees and shrubs, constituting one of the four genera of the plant family Casuarinaceae. The species grow naturally in the tropics, including at high altitudes having temperate climates, in forests in the region of the western Pacific ocean and Malesia. In New Caledonia, published botanical science describes eight species found growing naturally, which botanists have not found anywhere else (endemics). Additional species have been found across Burma, Sumatra, Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi, Ambon Island, the Moluccas, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, and one endemic species each in Fiji and the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia.
Aceratium is a genus of about 20 species of trees and shrubs of eastern Malesia and Australasia from the family Elaeocarpaceae. In Australia they are commonly known as carabeens. They grow naturally in rainforests, as large shrubs to understorey trees and large trees.
Rhysotoechia is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Atuna racemosa subsp. racemosa is a subspecies of Atuna racemosa, a plant species in the family Chrysobalanaceae.
Antidesma ghaesembilla is a species of plant in the Phyllanthaceae family. It is native to an area from northern Australia to the Philippines, Zhōngguó/China, and west to India. The shrub or tree usually grows in moist soils in plant communities ranging from savannah to gallery forest to closed forest. It is associated with a number of species of fungus, insects and animals, including emus. Amongst the Mangarrayi and Yangman people of north Australia, the sweet ripe fruit of the tree are much appreciated and linked to the build-up season and to the koel. As well as food, the plant is used as a calendar-plant, for dyeing, in traditional medicine, in religious/magical practices, as fuel, and as an insecticide.
Mallotus floribundus is a tree in the family Euphorbiaceae, in the Stylanthus section, native to Southeast Asia, Wallaceae, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
Spathiostemon javensis is a plant that can grow as a shrub or a tree in the tribe Acalypheae of the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to Malesia, occurring from the Bismarck Archipelago to New Guinea, Wallacea and into Southeast Asia. It is often common in the understorey of forests. The wood is used in constructions.
Pimelodendron amboinicum is a tree species in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is found from the Solomon Islands in the southwest Pacific, west to Sulawesi in Indonesia. The timber is used locally, though larger-scale illegal logging is apparent.
Memecylon caeruleum is a shrub or tree species in the Melastomataceae family. It is found from New Guinea, west through Southeast Asia to Tibet, Zhōngguó/China. It has become an invasive weed in the Seychelles. It has some local use for wood and food.
Syzygium claviflorum is a tree in the Myrtaceae family. It is native to the north of the Australian continent and in tropical and subtropical Asia. It is used for timber, as fuel, as human and cattle food, and for dye. Stunted specimens can be found on the top of the plateau of Bokor National Park, Cambodia.
A tree in the Moraceae family, Ficus bernaysii is found from New Guinea to the Solomon Islands, growing in lowland rainforest. It is dioecious, and grows cauliflorous fruit. It is fed on by a wide range of animals.
A tree in the Moraceae family, Ficus phaeosyce grows in eastern New Guinea, endemic to the nation of Papua Niugini. It is a shade tolerant understorey species, locally very abundant. A range of insect herbivores feed on the plant.
A tree in the Anacardiaceae family, Buchanania macrocarpa is native to an area in the southwest Pacific from the Solomon Islands to the northern Maluku Islands.
Aniseia martinicensis is a species of herb climber in the Convolvulaceae family. Native to subtropical and tropical America, it has been introduced to the tropics and sub tropics of Pacific Islands, Australia, Asia and Africa. It is eaten, usually as a supplementary vegetable. Even though it grows around the world, in a variety of habitats, it is a rare plant.