Cardisoma crassum

Mouthless crab
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Malacostraca
Order:	Decapoda
Suborder:	Pleocyemata
Infraorder:	Brachyura
Family:	Gecarcinidae
Genus:	Cardisoma
Species:	C. crassum
Binomial name
Cardisoma crassum Smith, 1870 [1]

Rough size comparison between a mouthless crab and an average human hand.

Cardisoma crassum, known as the mouthless crab, is a species of terrestrial crab found in the coastal tropical eastern Pacific from Baja California to Peru.

Classification

Cardisoma crassum is in the family Gecarcinidae, also known as the land crabs. Sidney Irving Smith described the species in 1870. ^[2]

Distribution and habitat

Mouthless crabs live in the eastern Pacific region, just one of three species of land crabs found there. They are distributed from Baja California and the neighbouring Gulf of California southwards to Peru and sometimes into Chile. ^{[3] [4]} Cardisoma crassum is common among mangrove roots, where it builds its burrow. Burrows dug by Cardisoma crassum are complex, often over 2 meters deep and located in high areas of mangroves with a water reservoir at the bottom of the burrow. ^[5] A new species of sand fly in the genus Culicoides was found to be living and breeding in mouthless crabs' burrows, and was subbed C. cancer due to the crab connection. ^[6]

Description

Cardisoma crassum is a fairly small species with a carapace broader than it is long. Smith's original description measured three males and one female; the average male had a carapace measuring 53.7 mm × 65.4 mm (2.11 in × 2.57 in), measured in length × width. The female measured 53 mm × 64.5 mm (2.09 in × 2.54 in). ^[2]

Mouthless crabs are colourful, with a dark blue carapace, red walking leg dactyli, and a large cheliped with a pale yellowy to dirty white top and cream-coloured underside. ^[7]

References

1. Ng, Peter K. L.; Guinot, Danièle; Davie, Peter J. F. (January 2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology . 17: 1–286. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2011– via the National University of Singapore.
2. Smith, Sidney I. (December 1869). "Notes on American Crustacea. Number I. Ocypodoidea". Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. 2: 144.
3. Vázquez-López, Horacio; Cházaro-Olvera, Sergio; Vargas-Téllez, Irma; Molina-Ortega, Madeline Getzemany (2017-04-26). "Description of first zoeal stage of Cardisoma crassum Smith, 1870 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Gecarcinidae)" . Journal of Natural History. 51 (15–16): 837–842. Bibcode:2017JNatH..51..837V. doi:10.1080/00222933.2017.1302611. ISSN   0022-2933.
4. Michel E. Hendrickx (1984). "Studies of the coastal marine fauna of southern Sinaloa, Mexico. II. The decapod crustaceans of Estero el Verde". Anales del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología. 11: 23–48. Archived from the original on 2008-12-04.
5. Lombardo, Roberto C.; Rojas, Maryory (2022). "Burrow fidelity in the blue crab, Cardisoma crassum Smith, 1870 (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) from the Ponuga River, Veraguas, Panama". Nauplius. 30. Bibcode:2022Naup...30E2033L. doi: 10.1590/2358-2936e2022033 . ISSN   2358-2936.
6. Hogue, Charles L.; Wirth, Willis W. (1967). "A New Central American Sand Fly Breeding in Crab Holes (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae)". Contributions in Science (152). Los Angeles County Museum (published 31 Dec 1968).
7. Bright, Donald B.; Hogue, Charles L. (1972). A synopsis of the burrowing land crabs of the world and list of their arthropod symbionts and burrow associates. Los Angeles, Calif.