Cataldo Ambulance Service

Last updated
Cataldo Ambulance Service, Inc.
Company type Private
Industry Private ambulance service
Founded Somerville, Massachusetts, 1977
Founders
  • Bob Cataldo
  • Diana Cataldo
Headquarters
Somerville, Massachusetts
,
U.S.
Number of locations
  • 15 911 contracts
  • 21 base locations
Area served
 Greater Boston, Massachusetts
Services
  • Ambulance transportation
  • Wheelchair transportation
  • Community EMS
OwnersDiana Cataldo
Dennis Cataldo
Number of employees
800+
Divisions
  • Somerville Division
  • Boston Division
  • Atlantic Division
Website cataldoambulance.com

Cataldo Ambulance Service and Atlantic Ambulance Service (a division of Cataldo Ambulance Service) are a private emergency medical services (EMS) provider [1] in the Greater Boston and North Shore areas [2] of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, licensed at the advanced life support (ALS) level by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. As of October 2022, Cataldo had 48 ambulances registered with the state, while the Atlantic division had an additional 45. [3] Headquartered in Somerville, Massachusetts, [4] and with base locations throughout the North Shore, Cataldo provides 911 and interfacility transportation (IFT) ambulance service to several communities, hospitals, and nursing facilities in Massachusetts. Cataldo also operates SmartCare, a mobile integrated health (MIH) provider. [5]

Contents

History

Cataldo was founded in 1977 as Somerville Ambulance Service in Somerville, Massachusetts, by Bob and Diane Cataldo. [6] Beginning as Somerville's 911 ambulance provider [7] with two ambulances and three employees, Cataldo would grow to become the largest 911 ambulance provider in Massachusetts measured by contracted communities.

Cataldo Ambulance v. City of Chelsea

Starting in 1982, Cataldo became the sole provider of 911 ambulance service for Chelsea, Massachusetts, [8] a contract they still held 41 years later.

This contract did not come without its struggles however. By the 1990s, the local government was faced with a major financial crisis, with a noted $9.5 million deficit. Unable to solve the crisis on their own, the city was placed under a receivership by the state legislature. In early 1995, prior to the expiration of the contract at the time, the city determined that other municipalities in the area were paying significantly less for their private EMS service. At the time, the city was paying Cataldo $90,000 per year for their services. After attempts to negotiate a lower rate for the contract renewal failed, the city put the ambulance contract out to bid.

The city's invitation for bids specified the need for one basic life support (BLS) ambulance, staffed with two EMT-Basics 24/7, at zero cost to the city (in these "zero cost" contracts, companies make money solely through billing patients for emergency transport). Notably, the city specified that the bidding process would follow the state's Uniform Procurement Act, even though ambulance contracts were specifically exempted from the act. Two companies placed bids: Cataldo, which offered the exact requests of the city (including zero cost, despite their previous resistance during negotiation), and CareLine Ambulance Service of Santa Ana, California, which went further to offer a fully staffed ALS ambulance in lieu of BLS. In the cover letter of its proposal, Cataldo wrote: "As you know, ambulance services are exempt from the Procurement Act, therefore, due to our standing and investment in the community, and in order to maintain continuity, we are requesting the opportunity of last refusal."

After reviewing the bids, the city's procurement officer awarded the contract to CareLine. Cataldo sued the city, arguing among other points that the process was bound to the Procurement Act based on the city's invitation for bids, and that therefore CareLine's bid should have been viewed as nonresponsive as the act states that "[t]he procurement officer shall award the contract to the lowest responsible and responsive bidder," which they argued would not apply since CareLine had offered ALS instead of BLS and because Cataldo was acting under the city's statement that the process must conform to the act. The Superior Court ruled in favor of the city, stating that, among other reasons, Cataldo's argument that they offered BLS to abide by the Procurement Act was without merit since Cataldo itself had expressed its knowledge that the act did not apply in its own cover letter, and that the procurement officer was right to select the highest quality of service for the lowest cost, where CareLine was offering ALS for the same zero cost as Cataldo's lower BLS offer. An appeals court reversed this decision in favor of Cataldo, however another appeals court ultimately upheld the Superior Court's initial ruling. CareLine was merged with Laidlaw's MedTrans in June 1995, just before the suit. Despite the ruling, Cataldo would continue providing services to the city to the present day.

Purchase of Atlantic Ambulance

In 2003, Cataldo purchased Atlantic Ambulance Service. Atlantic would retain its name and become an official division of Cataldo Ambulance representing its own service area.

Purchase of Northshore Ambulance

In 2008, the city of Peabody, contracted with Northshore Ambulance of Salem, Massachusetts, put their 911 contract out to bid. Atlantic Ambulance submitted a bid and was awarded the contract. Later that year, Atlantic announced that they would be purchasing the assets and contracts of Northshore Ambulance, obtaining the latter's other 911 contracts with Salem and Marblehead. [9] The deal also included Northshore's 13 ambulances, 6 chair cars, and two supervisor vehicles, including at least one Hummer. Days later, one of the supervisor vehicles as well as some office equipment were damaged in a bout of vandalism.

Partners Healthcare

In 2009, Cataldo entered into a partnership with Fallon Ambulance Service of Quincy, Boston MedFlight of Bedford, and Spaulding Rehabilitation Network's ambulance service to bid for the contract to provide transport services to Partners Healthcare (Later renamed Mass General Brigham) in Massachusetts. This contract included 5 area hospitals, multiple facilities in the Spaulding Rehabilitation Network, and several outpatient care sites. This partnership led to the awarding of the primary contract to Fallon Ambulance, under which Cataldo would act as a subcontractor. [10]

New operations center

Later in 2009, Cataldo moved its main operations center to Malden, Massachusetts, into a brand new building with a communications center and training space. Cataldo retained its Somerville base as its administrative headquarters. [11]

Purchase of Lyons Ambulance

In 2017, Cataldo announced that it would be acquiring Danvers-based Lyons Ambulance Service, which having been founded in 1904 was the longest-running ambulance company in Massachusetts at the time. With the purchase came Lyons' 911 contracts with Danvers, East Boxford, and Wenham, as well as backup ALS service for Essex, Gloucester, Manchester-by-the-Sea, and Rockport. [12]

Smartcare

In 2019, Cataldo Ambulance received a special waiver from the state Office of Emergency Medical Services allowing them to start the state's first Mobile Integrated Health (MIH) service, named SmartCare. [5] Already a concept practiced in other states, several other ambulance companies, both private and hospital-based, would follow suit and create their own MIH programs.

Operations

Ambulance transportation

Municipal service

One of Cataldo's dedicated Malden 911 ambulances Cataldo Ambulance Malden EMS.jpg
One of Cataldo's dedicated Malden 911 ambulances

Cataldo has been serving municipalities across Massachusetts since it was founded as Somerville's ambulance provider. Today, like many private EMS companies, Cataldo serves its contracted communities in multiple ways:

  • Primary 911 ambulance coverage: Provision of dedicated ambulances for all medical emergencies
  • Backup ALS service: Providing ALS response to acute emergencies upon request to communities that only run BLS service
  • Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD): Taking of medical-only 911 calls transferred from the community's primary PSAP

Measured by their 15 municipal contracts, Cataldo is the largest provider of 911 ambulance service in Massachusetts. The majority of these contracts are north of Boston, with some historical presence in MetroWest - however, their presence in MetroWest was greatly diminished with the loss of their Newton and Waltham contracts. The biggest departure from their normal service area came in 2022, when they became 911 provider for the city of Holyoke, Massachusetts, about 90 miles west of Boston.

911 & EMD Contracts
City/TownAmbulanceEMD
City of Chelsea Current, Since 1982 [13] [14] Current, Since 2012
Town of Danvers Former, 2017-2023Not Serviced
East Boxford FormerNot Serviced
City of Everett CurrentCurrent, Since 2012
City of Holyoke Current, Since 2022 [15] Current, Since 2022
City of Lynn Current, Since 2007Not Serviced
Town of Lynnfield Not ServicedCurrent, Since 2021
City of Malden CurrentCurrent, Since 2012
Town of Marblehead CurrentNot Serviced
City of Melrose Former, 2008-2013Current, Since 2012
Metro North RECCN/ACurrent, Since 2016
City of Newbury Not ServicedCurrent, Since 2016
City of Newburyport CurrentCurrent, Since 2012
City of Newton FormerNot Serviced
City of Peabody CurrentCurrent, Since 2012
City of Revere CurrentNot Serviced
City of Salem CurrentCurrent, Since 2012
Town of Salisbury CurrentCurrent, Since 2014
Town of Saugus FormerNot Serviced
City of Somerville Current, Since 1977Current, Since 2012
Town of Stoneham Not ServicedCurrent, Since 2021
Town of Wakefield CurrentCurrent, Since 2019
City of Waltham Former, 2013-2021Not Serviced
Town of Wellesley Former, 2016-2024 (1/20/24)Not Serviced
Town of Wenham FormerNot Serviced

Interfacility transport

Cataldo also provides emergent and non-emergent IFT service for hospitals and nursing facilities. Starting in 2009, Cataldo signed on as a subcontractor under Fallon Ambulance Service, another Boston-area ambulance company, to provide this service for Partners Healthcare (later renamed Mass General Brigham), a contract which included hospitals in their service area such as Newton-Wellesley Hospital and Salem Hospital.

Special operations

Cataldo provides standby ambulance service for sporting events, music venues, and other gatherings. Cataldo is contracted with Fenway Park [16] and TD Garden [17] to provide standby service for any medical emergencies occurring within their venues during sporting and other events.

Wheelchair transportation

Like many private ambulance companies in the region, Cataldo also maintains a fleet of wheelchair accessible vans, colloquially referred to as "chair cars", used primarily for transportation of individuals who are otherwise unable to secure transportation to medical appointments but do not require an ambulance. These vehicles are equipped with safety devices used to secure wheelchairs and many models of powerchairs in order to allow individuals to maintain a seated position throughout the duration of the transport.

Cataldo provides this service for routine medical appointments, for discharges from hospitals, and for transfers to rehabilitation.

Mobile integrated health

Cataldo was the first ambulance service in the state to provide mobile integrated health (MIH) to patients, via its SmartCare division. Contracted with local hospitals, this service provides check-ups to patients who don't necessarily meet criteria for inpatient care, but also have difficulty traveling to doctor's appointments. Generally, a paramedic is sent by SmartCare to check on patients, perform vitals monitoring, and refer to a higher level of care if needed.

Community service and accolades

Cataldo Ambulance has a long reputation of making charitable donations to the communities that it serves. Be it in the form of tangible gifts or life-saving education, the goal is to ensure the highest quality of medical care and knowledge to all of the residents of their communities. Furthermore, Cataldo Ambulance regularly hosts and participates in fundraising events that benefit non-profit research organizations like the American Cancer Society.

Controversies

Cataldo Ambulance Service was found liable for discrimination against an employee by the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination and ordered to pay lost wages and punitive damages to an employee who was fired while pregnant. [35]

In August 2021, Cataldo settled with the Office of Inspector General (OIG) for $705,000. The settlement agreement resolves allegations that Cataldo presented claims to Medicare Part B for ambulance transportation to and from skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) where such transportation was already covered by the SNF consolidated billing payment under Medicare Part A. [36]

A 2016 MassHealth Audit report showed Cataldo did not maintain properly completed Medical Necessity Forms (MNFs) for wheelchair car services. This affected services that totaled as much as $942,326. [37]

Also in 2016, Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey has announced her office has sued Cataldo for $600,000 after allegations the company overbilled the state's Medicaid program (MassHealth). From 2005 to November 2015, the state alleges Cataldo billed MassHealth for emergency advanced life support (ALS) services in scenarios where patients only needed emergency basic life support (BLS) services. [38]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emergency medical services</span> Services providing acute medical care

Emergency medical services (EMS), also known as ambulance services or paramedic services, are emergency services that provide urgent pre-hospital treatment and stabilisation for serious illness and injuries and transport to definitive care. They may also be known as a first aid squad, FAST squad, emergency squad, ambulance squad, ambulance corps, life squad or by other initialisms such as EMAS or EMARS.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emergency medical technician</span> Health care provider of emergency medical services

An emergency medical technician is a medical professional that provides emergency medical services. EMTs are most commonly found serving on ambulances and in fire departments in the US and Canada, as full-time and some part-time departments require their firefighters to at least be EMT certified.

Public Utility Model (PUM), is an emergency medical service (EMS) system. In a Public Utility Model system, the government is a "purchaser" of dispatchers, emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedic providers from an EMS provider (contractor). In most cases, this is a private (for-profit) ambulance company. In the ownership of a Public Utility Model, the community retains control of EMS system capital assets and accounts receivable through daily oversight. The EMS provider (contractor) manages the day-to-day operations of the service and provides the system with properly trained providers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louisville Metro EMS</span> Life support provider based in Kentucky

Louisville Metro Emergency Medical Services is the primary provider of pre-hospital life support and emergency care within Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky. LMEMS is a governmental department that averages 90,000 calls for service, both emergency and non-emergency, each year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emergency medical services in the United States</span>

In the United States, emergency medical services (EMS) provide out-of-hospital acute medical care and/or transport to definitive care for those in need. They are regulated at the most basic level by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, which sets the minimum standards that all states' EMS providers must meet, and regulated more strictly by individual state governments, which often require higher standards from the services they oversee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emergency medical services in South Africa</span> Overview of emergency medical services in South Africa

Emergency medical services in South Africa are a public/private system aimed at the provision of emergency ambulance service, including emergency care and transportation to hospital.

Boston Emergency Medical Services provides basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS) ambulance units throughout the neighborhoods in the city of Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Boston EMS is a public safety agency responding to 911 calls alone or with the Boston Police and/or Boston Fire Departments dependent upon the nature of an incident. The agency employs over 400 emergency medical technicians (EMT) and paramedics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cypress Creek EMS</span>

Cypress Creek Emergency Medical ServicesAssociation, also known as Cypress Creek EMS (CCEMS) was a private, non-profit emergency medical service provider for Harris County ESD 11 in North Harris County, within greater Houston, Texas. In 2021, CCEMS declared bankruptcy and operations ceased in mid 2022. In late 2022, the remaining assets, branding, and trademarks were bought by Viking Enterprises, DBA City Ambulance Service. All ambulances in use by CCEMS are Mobile Intensive Care Units (MICU), with at least one Paramedic, making all ambulances ALS units. Cypress Creek EMS provided 911 service in North Harris County, provided bicycle medic teams for special events, provided tactical EMS support for federal, state, and local law enforcement, and operated an accredited educational institution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UCLA Emergency Medical Services</span>

UCLA Emergency Medical Services (UCLA EMS) is a student-run Emergency Medical Services organization at the University of California, Los Angeles. Part of the University of California Police Department (UCPD), UCLA EMS provides 9-1-1 emergency medical response to the UCLA campus and surrounding areas 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Each year, UCLA EMS responds to over 1,700 calls for medical aid, making it one of the busiest collegiate EMS agencies in the nation.

Grady EMS is an emergency care provider owned by Grady Healthcare System, established in 1892 in Atlanta, Georgia.

An advanced emergency medical technician (AEMT) is a provider of emergency medical services in the United States. A transition to this level of training from the emergency medical technician-intermediate, which have somewhat less training, began in 2013 and has been implemented by most states. AEMTs are not intended to deliver definitive medical care in most cases, but rather to augment prehospital critical care and provide rapid on-scene treatment. AEMTs are usually employed in ambulance services, working in conjunction with EMTs and paramedics; however they are also commonly found in fire departments and law enforcement agencies as non-transporting first responders. Ambulances operating at the AEMT level of care are commonplace in rural areas, and occasionally found in larger cities as part of a tiered-response system, but are overall much less common than EMT- and paramedic-level ambulances. The AEMT provides a low-cost, high-benefit option to provide advanced-level care when the paramedic level of care is not feasible. The AEMT is authorized to provide limited advanced life support, which is beyond the scope of an EMT.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emergency medical responder</span> Person who provides out-of-hospital care in medical emergencies

Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs) are people who are specially trained to provide out-of-hospital care in medical emergencies, typically before the arrival of an ambulance. Specifically used, an emergency medical responder is an EMS certification level used to describe a level of EMS provider below that of an emergency medical technician and paramedic. However, the EMR is not intended to replace the roles of such providers and their wide range of specialties.

The Union Volunteer Emergency Squad (UVES) provides emergency services for the Town of Union, New York, USA. It has stations in Endwell, New York; Johnson City, New York; and Endicott, New York.

Statcom - Citywide MARTA Mission Critical EMS Rescue / Fire Rescue & SecureMobility Transit is the largest private provider of advanced life support (ALS) and basic life support (BLS) ambulance transportation services in the tri-state area. Its main operation areas of New York City, the Hudson Valley, Long Island, the state of Delaware, the Baltimore-Washington DC corridor and in numerous locations in Pennsylvania. It was the largest privately owned ambulance service in the Mid-Atlantic. It was the largest privately owned public benefits corporation ambulance and paratransit service in the Tri-State Area

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Orleans Emergency Medical Services</span>

New Orleans Emergency Medical Services is the primary provider of advanced life support emergency medical services to the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. Unlike most other emergency medical services in the United States, New Orleans EMS operates as a third service and is not part of the New Orleans Fire Department; rather, New Orleans EMS is operated by the New Orleans Health Department and the New Orleans Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emergency medical services in Spain</span>

Emergency Medical Services in Spain (EMS) are public services usually provided by regional Governments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York City Fire Department Bureau of EMS</span> New York City emergency medical service

The New York City Fire Department Bureau of Emergency Medical Services is a division of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) in charge of emergency medical services for New York City. It was established on March 17, 1996, following the merger of the FDNY and New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation's emergency medical services division. FDNY EMS provides coverage of all five boroughs of New York City with ambulances and a variety of specialized response vehicles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ukiah Ambulance</span>

Ukiah Ambulance is now Medstar Ambulance of Mendocino County Inc., a private non-profit ground transport ambulance provider serving central and southern Mendocino County. It is the longest continuously running ambulance service in Mendocino County history. Ukiah Ambulance also developed the first air rescue service in Mendocino County, called FlightCare, which operated for ten years out of the Ukiah Municipal Airport.

The Virginia Beach Department of Emergency Medical Services is the 911 EMS provider for Virginia Beach, Virginia. Virginia Beach is the largest city in the United States with a volunteer based EMS system. Since the 1940s Virginia Beach has offered free pre-hospital emergency services through 10 volunteer rescue squads supported by 1,100+ volunteers throughout the city. Virginia beach EMS has also been a leader in a variety of pre-hospital technologies including 12-lead transmission,EZ-IO technology and therapeutic hypothermia,rapid sequence induction and intubation (RSII),video laryngoscope,end tidal CO2 monitoring,S T Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Stroke programs and community CardioPulmonary Resuscitation (CPR),among others. These programs and more have contributed to the 36% cardiac arrest survival rate (2012).

References

  1. ↑ Service, Cataldo Ambulance. "Massachusetts Ambulance Association Honors Ambulance Providers with Convoy of Champions Parade During EMS Week". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  2. ↑ "Cataldo Ambulance Service". Malden Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  3. ↑ "Find an ambulance service in Massachusetts" . Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  4. ↑ "Ambulance service expanding in western Massachusetts". WWLP. 2024-10-02. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
  5. 1 2 "SmartCare delivers healthcare to your home". Northshore Magazine. March 25, 2020. Retrieved 2023-05-26.
  6. ↑ "Meet Dennis Cataldo of Cataldo Ambulance Service in North Eastern Massachusetts" . Retrieved 2023-05-23.
  7. ↑ "Areas We Serve" . Retrieved 2023-05-25.
  8. ↑ "Cataldo Ambulance Service Inc. v. Chelsea" . Retrieved 2023-05-23.
  9. ↑ "Vandals do damage at ambulance company" . Retrieved 2023-05-25.
  10. ↑ "Finding partners to win over Partners: Fallon Ambulance nabs big contract with parent organization of Mass. General" . Retrieved 2023-05-26.
  11. ↑ "Cataldo Ambulance Announces Grand Opening of Malden Operations Center" . Retrieved 2023-05-26.
  12. ↑ "Lyons Ambulance to be acquired by Cataldo" . Retrieved 2023-05-25.
  13. ↑ "Cataldo Ambulance Service Inc. v. Chelsea" . Retrieved 2023-05-23.
  14. ↑ "Cataldo Ambulance Sees Drop in Overall Calls But More Potential COVID-19 Patients" . Retrieved 2023-05-23.
  15. ↑ "Cataldo Ambulance Service takes over as city of Holyoke's EMS provider" . Retrieved 2023-05-23.
  16. ↑ "Cataldo partners with Boston Red Sox as Primary EMS Transportation Provider through 2026" . Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  17. ↑ "Meet Dennis Cataldo of Cataldo Ambulance Service in North Eastern Massachusetts" . Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  18. ↑ "Annual Cataldo Ambulance Service Golf Tournament". Cataldoambulance.com. 2008. Archived from the original on 2010-05-13. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  19. ↑ "2005 Toy Drive Once Again Helping Needy Families". CataldoAmbulance.com. December 2005. Archived from the original on 2010-04-05. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  20. ↑ "Cataldo Ambulance Service Provides Day Long First Aid / CPR / AED Training to "24" Everett School Teachers and Administrators". Cataldoambulance.com. March 2005. Archived from the original on 2010-04-05. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  21. ↑ "Dozen Cataldo employees honored for aiding Rita victims". The Somerville Journal. 2005-12-07. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  22. ↑ "Cataldo aids Daffodil Days campaign". The Somerville Journal. 2007-02-05. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  23. ↑ "Mock mash-up". The Malden Observer. 2007-05-16. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  24. ↑ "Cataldo Ambulance Service Aids Public Safety in Malden". Cataldoambulance.com. September 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  25. ↑ Abel, David; Ellement, John R. (2007-12-06). "Tanker truck crashes, flooding Everett neighborhood with flames". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  26. ↑ "Everett Chamber Recognizes Cataldo's EMT/Paramedic of the Year". Cataldoambulance.com. 2008-04-02. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  27. ↑ "Atlantic Ambulance Donates Defibrillator to St. Mary's High School". CataldoAmbulance.com. September 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  28. ↑ "Cataldo Ambulance Service donates SUV to City of Melrose". Melrose Free Press. 2008-11-17. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  29. ↑ "Cataldo Ambulance Only Private Service In State Equipping Vehicles With Priority Traffic Control System". Cataldoambulance.com. December 2008. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  30. ↑ "City Hall and school gain lifesaving gifts". Salemnews.com. 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  31. ↑ "Police get incident command vehicle". The Boston Globe. October 21, 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  32. ↑ "Cataldo Ambulance Service receives EMS award". Malden Observer. Malden, Massachusetts: Wickedlocal.com. 2009-12-11. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  33. ↑ "EMS Staff Assists with Important H1N1 Vaccination Process". Cataldoambulance.com. 2010-01-27. Archived from the original on 2010-04-05. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  34. ↑ "Cataldo Ambulance Golf Tournament Raises $28,000 for American Cancer Society". Cataldoambulance.com. 2010-05-01. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
  35. ↑ "Docket No. 14-BEM-02913".
  36. ↑ "US-DHHS OIG Press Release". 9 September 2021.
  37. ↑ "MassHealth Audit" (PDF).
  38. ↑ "Mass. Attorney General Sues Ambulance Firm for Overbilling the State".
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.