Peabody | |
---|---|
City | |
Nicknames: Tanner City, The Leather City [1] | |
Coordinates: 42°31′40″N70°55′45″W / 42.52778°N 70.92917°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Massachusetts |
County | Essex |
Settled | 1626 |
Incorporated | 1855 (town) |
Incorporated | 1916 (city) |
Named for | George Peabody |
Seat | Peabody City Hall |
Government | |
• Type | Mayor-council city |
• Mayor | Edward A. Bettencourt, Jr. |
Area | |
• Total | 16.81 sq mi (43.54 km2) |
• Land | 16.24 sq mi (42.05 km2) |
• Water | 0.57 sq mi (1.49 km2) |
Elevation | 17 ft (5 m) |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 54,481 |
• Density | 3,355.36/sq mi (1,295.54/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (Eastern) |
ZIP Codes | 01960–01961 |
Area code | 351/978 |
FIPS code | 25-52490 |
GNIS feature ID | 0614307 |
Website | www |
Peabody ( /ˈpiːbədi/ ) is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 54,481 at the time of the 2020 United States Census. Peabody is located in the North Shore region of Massachusetts, and is known for its rich industrial history.
The area was long inhabited by Native American people known as the Naumkeag. [3] [4] [5]
The area was settled as part of Salem in 1626 by a small group of English colonists from Cape Ann led by Roger Conant. It was subsequently referred to as the Northfields, Salem Farms, and Brooksby. [6] Several area residents were accused of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials of the late 17th century, three of whom were executed (John Proctor, Giles Corey, and Martha Corey). [7]
In 1752, the area was set off from Salem, and incorporated as a district of Danvers. It was referred to as "the South Parish", associated with a church located in present-day Peabody Square. In 1855, the community broke away from Danvers, and was incorporated as the independent town of South Danvers. The name was changed to Peabody on April 30, 1868, in honor of George Peabody, noted philanthropist born in present-day Peabody, widely regarded as the "father of modern philanthropy". It was granted city status in 1916. The western, less densely populated area of town is often separately, yet unofficially, referred to as West Peabody.
Peabody started off as a farming community, but its rivers and streams attracted mills which operated by water power. During the 18th-century, Peabody's Central Street corridor was a hub of pottery manufacturing, especially redware. [8] In particular, Peabody was a major center of New England's leather industry, which attracted immigrants from all around the world.
By 1915, one-third of the population had been born outside the United States. [9] In addition to becoming home to large Irish and Russian populations, Peabody developed a large community of laborers hailing from the Ottoman Empire, mostly Turkish and Kurdish speakers from the region of Harput, now known as Elazığ. [9] The population was situated primarily on Walnut Street, where they filled boarding houses and coffee houses to such an extent that it became known as "Ottoman Street," and, more pejoratively and less accurately, "Peabody's Barbary Coast", as the United States was at war with the Ottoman Empire during World War I. [9] One visitor even noted that signs in town were written in both English and Ottoman Turkish. [9]
On the morning of October 28, 1915, twenty-one young children were killed in the St. Johns School fire in the downtown area on Chestnut Street. Their bodies were found after the fire subsided, huddled together and burnt beyond recognition, near the entrance just steps away from survival. As a result, Peabody became the first city in the United States to establish a law that all entrances or exits in public buildings be push-open, rather than by handle or knob. [10] [11]
The tanneries that lined Peabody's "Ottoman Street" remained a linchpin of the city's economy into the second half of the 20th century. The tanneries have since closed or been relocated elsewhere, but the city remains known locally as the Leather City or Tanner City. The mascot of Peabody Veterans Memorial High School is named the Tanners.
The loss of the tanneries was a huge blow to Peabody's economy, but the city has made up for the erosion of its industrial base, at least in part, through other forms of economic development. Early in the 20th century, Peabody joined the automobile revolution, hosting the pioneer Brass Era company, Corwin Manufacturing. [12]
The Northshore Mall, originally known as the Northshore Shopping Center, is one of the region's largest shopping malls. The mall opened in September 1958 as an outdoor shopping center, and was built on farm land originally owned by Elias Hasket Derby, one of America's first millionaires. Centennial Park, [13] an industrial park in the center of the city, has attracted several medical and technology companies. West Peabody, which was mostly farm land until the 1950s, has been developed into a middle-to-upper class residential area. Brooksby Farm, [14] a 275-acre (1.11 km2) working farm and conservation area has been one of the city's most popular destinations for decades.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 16.8 square miles (43.5 km2), of which 16.2 square miles (42.0 km2) is land and 0.58 square miles (1.5 km2) or 3.46%, is water. [15] The northwestern border of Peabody lies along the Ipswich River, with brooks feeding it, and the Waters River, a tributary of the Danvers River, drains the northeastern part of town. Several other ponds and a portion of Suntaug Lake lie within town. The largest protected portion of the city is the Brooksby Farm, whose land includes the Nathaniel Felton Houses.
The city is wedge-shaped, with the city center located in the wider northeastern end. The neighborhood of South Peabody lies south of it, and the more suburban neighborhood of West Peabody, where the high school is located, lies to the west of the city center, separated by the highways and the Proctor neighborhood. Peabody's center is 2 miles (3 km) from the center of Salem, 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Boston, 18 miles (29 km) west-southwest of Gloucester, and 18 miles (29 km) southeast of Lawrence. Peabody is also bordered by Middleton to the northwest, Danvers to the north, Salem to the east, Lynn to the south and Lynnfield to the southwest.
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1860 | 6,549 | — |
1870 | 7,343 | +12.1% |
1880 | 9,028 | +22.9% |
1890 | 10,158 | +12.5% |
1900 | 11,523 | +13.4% |
1910 | 15,721 | +36.4% |
1920 | 19,552 | +24.4% |
1930 | 21,345 | +9.2% |
1940 | 21,711 | +1.7% |
1950 | 22,645 | +4.3% |
1960 | 32,202 | +42.2% |
1970 | 48,080 | +49.3% |
1980 | 45,976 | −4.4% |
1990 | 47,039 | +2.3% |
2000 | 48,129 | +2.3% |
2010 | 51,251 | +6.5% |
2020 | 54,481 | +6.3% |
2022* | 53,896 | −1.1% |
* = population estimate. Source: United States Census records and Population Estimates Program data. [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] Source: U.S. Decennial Census [25] |
As of the census of 2010, [15] there were 51,251 people living in the city and a total of 22,220 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 90.4% White, 2.4% African American, 6.3% Hispanic or Latino of any race (1.3% Puerto Rican, 0.3% Mexican, 0.1% Cuban, and 4.5% other Hispanic or Latino), 1.9% Asian, 3.8% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races.
The city has had a very large Greek population ever since the early 20th century. Ever since the mid 20th century, the Portuguese population has been very present, especially from the Azores. In the 21st century, Brazilians came in large swathes.
There were 21,313 households, of which 26.8% included children under the age of 18, 48.4% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.1% were non-families. Of all households, 31.4% were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28, and the average family size was 3.02.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.1% under the age of 20, 22.5% from 20 to 39, 29.8% from 40 to 59, and 26.5% who were 60 years of age or older. The median age of people in Peabody was 44.6. For every 100 females, there were 90.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $65,515, and the median income for a family was $80,471. Males had a median income of $55,352 versus $44,167 for females. About 4.4% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.
Salem Country Club is a privately owned country club and golf course, which hosted the U.S. Senior Open in 2001 and 2017, and the U.S. Women's Open in 1954 and 1984.
Independence Greenway is a 5.25 miles (8.45 km) rail-trail that is part of the Border to Boston trail. [31]
Crystal Lake is a 21-acre conservation area and is part of the Ipswich River watershed. [32]
Spring Pond is a lake that abuts Peabody, Lynn, and Salem.
Peabody is represented in the state legislature by officials elected from the following districts:
Year | Democratic | Republican | Third parties | Total Votes | Margin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 56.03%16,860 | 42.22% 12,704 | 1.75% 526 | 30,090 | 13.81% |
2016 | 52.05%14,395 | 43.52% 12,036 | 4.43% 1,224 | 27,655 | 8.53% |
2012 | 55.66%15,027 | 43.05% 11,622 | 1.30% 350 | 26,999 | 12.61% |
2008 | 56.45%14,818 | 41.14% 10,800 | 2.41% 632 | 26,250 | 15.31% |
2004 | 60.96%15,249 | 38.10% 9,531 | 0.94% 236 | 25,016 | 22.86% |
2000 | 65.19%15,078 | 29.35% 6,789 | 5.46% 1,264 | 23,131 | 35.84% |
1996 | 65.08%14,265 | 24.23% 5,312 | 10.68% 2,342 | 21,919 | 40.85% |
1992 | 47.62%11,694 | 27.32% 6,709 | 25.06% 6,155 | 24,558 | 20.30% |
1988 | 53.52%12,203 | 44.67% 10,186 | 1.81% 413 | 22,802 | 8.85% |
1984 | 49.35% 10,698 | 50.25%10,894 | 0.40% 86 | 21,678 | 0.90% |
1980 | 42.82%9,749 | 40.10% 9,129 | 17.08% 3,889 | 22,767 | 2.72% |
1976 | 61.37%13,610 | 35.05% 7,774 | 3.58% 793 | 22,177 | 26.32% |
1972 | 60.81%12,722 | 38.70% 8,095 | 0.49% 103 | 20,920 | 22.12% |
1968 | 70.16%14,028 | 26.03% 5,205 | 3.81% 762 | 19,995 | 44.13% |
1964 | 82.53%15,026 | 17.03% 3,101 | 0.44% 80 | 18,207 | 65.50% |
1960 | 67.08%11,156 | 32.66% 5,431 | 0.26% 43 | 16,630 | 34.43% |
1956 | 50.67%7,102 | 49.05% 6,875 | 0.29% 40 | 14,017 | 1.62% |
1952 | 55.35%7,217 | 43.85% 5,718 | 0.81% 105 | 13,040 | 11.50% |
1948 | 64.64%6,673 | 31.33% 3,235 | 4.03% 416 | 10,324 | 33.30% |
1944 | 59.72%5,362 | 40.05% 3,596 | 0.23% 21 | 8,979 | 19.67% |
1940 | 60.83%5,970 | 37.58% 3,688 | 1.59% 156 | 9,814 | 23.25% |
Public education is administered by Peabody Public Schools. Schools include: [36]
Highways in Peabody include:
Several lines of the MBTA bus service pass through town. The Logan Express also stops at the Northshore Mall in Peabody. The Springfield Terminal rail line passes through town, with one line passing from Lynnfield towards Danvers, and another, mostly abandoned, line passing from Middleton to Salem. The nearest commuter rail service is in Salem, along the Newburyport/Rockport Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail, with service to Boston's North Station. The nearest airport is the Beverly Municipal Airport, and the nearest national and international air service is located at Boston's Logan International Airport.
The municipally-owned Peabody Municipal Light Plant provides electricity to the city. Natural gas service in Peabody is provided by National Grid. Cable television in Peabody is provided by Comcast and the City in June 2019 issued a second Cable TV license to RCN. [37] [38]
Essex County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the total population was 809,829, making it the third-most populous county in the state, and the seventy-eighth-most populous in the country. It is part of the Greater Boston area. The largest city in Essex County is Lynn. The county was named after the English county of Essex. It has two traditional county seats: Salem and Lawrence. Prior to the dissolution of the county government in 1999, Salem had jurisdiction over the Southern Essex District, and Lawrence had jurisdiction over the Northern Essex District, but currently these cities do not function as seats of government. However, the county and the districts remain as administrative regions recognized by various governmental agencies, which gathered vital statistics or disposed of judicial case loads under these geographic subdivisions, and are required to keep the records based on them. The county has been designated the Essex National Heritage Area by the National Park Service.
Beverly is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, and a suburb of Boston. The population was 42,670 at the time of the 2020 United States Census. A resort, residential, and manufacturing community on the Massachusetts North Shore, Beverly includes Ryal Side, North Beverly, Montserrat, Beverly Farms and Prides Crossing. Beverly is a rival of Marblehead for the title of "birthplace of the U.S. Navy".
Georgetown is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 8,470 at the 2020 census. It was incorporated in 1838 from part of Rowley.
Lynn is the eighth-largest municipality in Massachusetts, United States, and the largest city in Essex County. Situated on the Atlantic Ocean, 3.7 miles (6.0 km) north of the Boston city line at Suffolk Downs, Lynn is part of Greater Boston's urban inner core.
Middleton is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 9,779 at the 2020 census.
Newbury is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,716 at the 2020 census. Newbury includes the villages of Old Town, Plum Island and Byfield. Each village is a precinct with its own voting district, various town offices, and business center.
North Andover is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 30,915.
Salem is a historic coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, located on the North Shore of Greater Boston. Continuous settlement by Europeans began in 1626 with English colonists. Salem was one of the most significant seaports trading commodities in early American history. Prior to the dissolution of county governments in Massachusetts in 1999, it served as one of two county seats for Essex County, alongside Lawrence.
Wenham is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts. The population was 4,979 at the time of the 2020 census.
Medford is a city 6.7 miles (10.8 km) northwest of downtown Boston on the Mystic River in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the time of the 2020 U.S. Census, Medford's population was 59,659. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus on both sides of the Medford and Somerville border.
Weston is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, located approximately 15 miles (24 km) west of Boston. At the time of the 2020 United States Census, the population of Weston was 11,851.
Danvers is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, located on the Danvers River near the northeastern coast of Massachusetts. The suburb is a fairly short ride from Boston and is also in close proximity to the beaches of Gloucester, Ipswich and Revere. Originally known as Salem Village, the town is most widely known for its association with the 1692 Salem witch trials. It was also the site of Danvers State Hospital, one of the state's 19th-century psychiatric hospitals. Danvers is a local center of commerce, hosting many car dealerships and the Liberty Tree Mall. As of the 2020 United States Census, the town's population was 28,087.
Lynnfield is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the 2020 census, the town population was 13,000.
Nahant is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 3,334 at the 2020 census, which makes it the smallest municipality by population in Essex County. With just 1.0 square mile (2.7 km2) of land area, it is also the smallest municipality by area in the state and is primarily a residential community. The town is situated on a peninsula consisting of two near-islands connected to the mainland by a narrow sandy isthmus traversed by a single causeway known as "Nahant Road". Numerous tourist beaches line the shores, with the most popular being the so-called "Long Beach" and "Short Beach" along the eastern side of the causeway.
Swampscott is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, located 15 miles (24 km) up the coast from Boston in an area known as the North Shore. The population was 15,111 as of the 2020 United States Census. A former summer resort on Massachusetts Bay, Swampscott is today a fairly affluent residential community and includes the village of Beach Bluff, as well as part of the neighborhood of Clifton.
Boxford is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town's population was 8,203 in 2020.
Marblehead is a coastal New England town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, along the North Shore. Its population was 20,441 at the 2020 census. The town lies on a small peninsula that extends into the northern part of Massachusetts Bay. Attached to the town is a near island, known as Marblehead Neck, connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus. Marblehead Harbor, protected by shallow shoals and rocks from the open sea, lies between the mainland and the Neck. Beside the Marblehead town center, two other villages lie within the town: the Old Town, which was the original town center, and Clifton, which lies along the border with the neighboring town of Swampscott.
The North Shore is a region in the U.S. state of Massachusetts, loosely defined as the sea coast between Boston and New Hampshire. Its counterpart is the South Shore region extending south and east of Boston.
Greater Boston is the metropolitan region of New England encompassing the municipality of Boston, the capital of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England, and its surrounding areas. The most stringent definition of the region, used by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council, consists of most of the eastern third of mainland Massachusetts, excluding the Merrimack Valley and most of Southeastern Massachusetts, though most definitions include much of these areas and portions of southern New Hampshire.
The Northshore Mall is a shopping mall in Peabody, Massachusetts. As of 2022, the mall currently features Macy's in two locations, J. C. Penney, and Nordstrom.
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