Southbridge, Massachusetts

Southbridge, Massachusetts
Town
Town of Southbridge [*]
Southbridge Town Hall
Flag Seal
Nickname:  The Eye of the Commonwealth [1]
Location in Worcester County and the state of Massachusetts
Southbridge, Massachusetts Location in the United States
Coordinates: 42°04′30″N72°02′02″W / 42.07500°N 72.03389°W / 42.07500; -72.03389
Country	United States
State	Massachusetts
County	Worcester
Settled	1730
Incorporated	1816
Government
• Type	Council-manager
•  Town Manager	John Jovan
• Town Council	Michael Montigny (Vice-Chairman) Scott Lazo (Chairman) George Chenier John Daniel Ariel Ortiz Michael Marketti Joseph Daou Jasmin Rivas Stephen Kelly
Area [2]
• Total	20.86 sq mi (54.03 km2)
• Land	20.24 sq mi (52.42 km2)
• Water	0.62 sq mi (1.61 km2)
Elevation	489 ft (149 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	17,740
• Density	876.57/sq mi (338.44/km2)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (Eastern)
ZIP code	01550
Area code	508 / 774
FIPS code	25-63270
GNIS feature ID	0618383
Website	ci.southbridge.ma.us

Southbridge is a city in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 17,740 at the 2020 census. ^[3] Although Southbridge has a city form of government, it is legally known as the Town of Southbridge. ^[4]

History

View of Southbridge c. 1905

The area was initially inhabited by the Nipmuck and Mohegan tribes, with the Quinebaug River dividing their territories. As early as 1638, John Winthrop Jr. purchased Tantiusques, a tract for mining "lead" centered at what is now Leadmine Road in Sturbridge (it was thought at the time that where there was lead, there should be silver nearby). In fact the mineral deposit was graphite which the Winthrops commercialized employing Nipmuck miners.

Southbridge was first settled by Europeans in 1730. In 1801 a poll parish, named the Second Religious Society of Charlton, and popularly called Honest Town, was formed from the west part of Dudley, the southwest part of Charlton and the southeast part of Sturbridge. In 1816 this parish was incorporated to become the township of Southbridge. ^[5] Among the first settlers was Moses Marcy, who owned a home on the site of what is now Notre Dame church and was elected to Congress, and the Dennison family. Water power from the Quinebaug River made Southbridge a good location for sawmills and gristmills in the 18th century, and textile mills in the 19th century. After the Civil War, many immigrants of Irish and French Canadian descent came to work and live there; by the 1930s they had been joined by Poles, Greeks, Italians and others.

Southbridge has a long history of manufacturing optical products, earning it the unofficial title "Eye of the Commonwealth", in reference to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Under the Wells family, the American Optical Company ("AO") became the world's largest manufacturer of ophthalmic products, and at its height employed more than 6,000 people around the world. Many of its workers were exempted from the draft during World War II since they were doing vital defense work, including making Norden bombsights and even some work on the atomic bomb.

By the early 1960s, the mill town had a movie theatre, an AM radio station (WESO), and an airport. New immigrants from Puerto Rico, Laos, and Vietnam began arriving in the 1970s and 1980s, and the town now has a significant Hispanic and Puerto Rican population. The American Optical Company shut down in 1984, and Southbridge is still struggling from the loss of these and other manufacturing jobs.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 20.9 square miles (54 km²), of which 20.4 square miles (53 km²) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km²), or 2.40%, is water. Southbridge is drained by the Quinebaug River.

The principal road in Southbridge is Route 131, known as Main Street through downtown and East Main Street past the "AO Rotary" and through Sandersdale, a village on the town's east side. North-south roads include Eastford Road and Elm Street (Route 198), and Worcester Street-Mechanic Street-North Woodstock Road (Route 169).Also Gulpwood road leads up to Charlton and Dudley

Southbridge was formed out of portions of three of its neighboring towns: Sturbridge to the west, Charlton to the north, and Dudley to the east. The other neighboring town is Woodstock, Connecticut to the south.

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1850	2,824	—
1860	3,575	+26.6%
1870	5,208	+45.7%
1880	6,464	+24.1%
1890	7,655	+18.4%
1900	10,025	+31.0%
1910	12,592	+25.6%
1920	14,245	+13.1%
1930	14,264	+0.1%
1940	16,825	+18.0%
1950	17,519	+4.1%
1960	16,523	−5.7%
1970	17,057	+3.2%
1980	16,665	−2.3%
1990	17,816	+6.9%
2000	17,214	−3.4%
2010	16,719	−2.9%
2020	17,740	+6.1%
2023*	17,880	+0.8%
* = population estimate. Source: United States census records and Population Estimates Program data. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] Source: U.S. Decennial Census [17]

As of the census ^[18] of 2010, there were 16,719 people, 7,077 households, and 4,522 families residing in the city. The population density was 858.9 inhabitants per square mile (331.6/km²). There were 7,511 housing units at an average density of 368.9 per square mile (142.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 81.2% White, 2.6% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 1.9% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 26.6% of the population.

There were 7,077 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,913, and the median income for a family was $41,863. Males had a median income of $36,008 versus $25,685 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,514. About 13.0% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.8% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Southbridge is one of thirteen Massachusetts municipalities that have applied for, and been granted, city forms of government but wish to retain "The town of" in their official names ^[19]

State government
State Representative(s):	Peter Durant (R)
State Senator(s):	Ryan Fattman (R)
Governor's Councilor(s):	Jen Caissie (R)
Federal government
U.S. Representative(s):	Richard E. Neal (D-1st District),
U.S. Senators:	Elizabeth Warren (D), Ed Markey (D)

Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of October 15, 2008 [20]
Party		Number of Voters	Percentage
	Democratic	4,590	38.48%
	Republican	1,132	9.49%
	Unaffiliated	6,096	51.11%
	Libertarian	109	0.91%
Total		11,927	100%

Southbridge public library, 1915

Library

The Southbridge Public Library was founded in 1870. ^{[21] [22]} In fiscal year 2008, the town of Southbridge spent 1.03% ($426,025) of its budget on its public library—approximately $25 per person, per year ($32.94 adjusted for inflation to 2022). ^[23]

The Jacob Edwards Library ^[24] is the public library for the town of Southbridge. It is a member of Central Massachusetts Regional Library System (CMRLS) and C/W MARS.

Education

Southbridge has two public elementary schools, formerly "neighborhood schools" serving grades K–5. Since the 1988–1989 school year, however, all kindergarten and 1st grade classes have been at Eastford Road School; all of grades 2–3 at Charlton Street School; and all of grades 4–5 at West Street School. In the mid 2010s Schools were shifted so that Eastford Road School housed Pre-K–1, and the Charlton Street School housed grades 2–5 in traditional neighborhood style, while the West Street School has been turned into a Dual Language School. Grades 6–12 are at Southbridge Middle School and Southbridge High School. Southbridge residents can also attend Bay Path Regional Vocational Technical High School in Charlton.

In addition to the public schools, a parochial private school, Trinity Catholic Academy, serves Pre-K through eighth grade.

On January 26, 2016, the Massachusetts Board of Elementary and Secondary Education placed Southbridge School District in state receivership. ^[25]

Transportation

Southbridge is served by Southbridge Municipal Airport(3B0), a public owned airport. Runway 02/20 has a 3501 x 75 feet asphalt surface.

Sites of interest

• The Quinebaug Valley Council for the Arts and Humanities – Arts Center
• Gateway Players Theatre
• New York, New Haven & Hartford Passenger Depot
• Southbridge Hotel and Conference Center
• Westville Lake and Recreation Area, outdoor recreation area along the Quinebaug River
• The Optical Heritage Museum

Notable people

• Geraldo Alicea, politician
• George Thorndike Angell, lawyer
• Jeff Belanger, author
• Don Berry, statistician
• Franklin E. Brooks, politician
• Mark Carron, politician
• Sidney Clarke, politician
• George Constantine, racing driver
• Jane Cunningham Croly, author
• Joel DiGregorio, keyboardist for the Charlie Daniels Band
• Kenny Dykstra, wrestler
• Michael Earls, Jesuit priest
• John Fitzgerald, football player
• Félix Gatineau, historian and politician
• Francis Harper, biologist
• William L. Marcy, politician and Governor of New York
• Leo Martello, priest
• Ann McNamee, musician
• Tim Moriarty, journalist
• Calvin Paige, businessman and politician
• Winthrop D. Putnam, soldier
• Barbara Stevens, college basketball coach
• Charles Burt Sumner, minister
• Bill Swiacki, football player
• Marilyn Travinski, politician
• William Tremblay, poet, novelist, and professor
• Mfoniso Udofia, writer
• Cady Wells, painter
• David Wu, actor

See also

• Center of Hope Foundation
• Dexter-Russell, cutlery manufacturing company in Southbridge
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Southbridge, Massachusetts
• Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District
• Stonebridge Press, newspaper company based in Southbridge
• Westville Dam
• List of mill towns in Massachusetts

References

1. Seen in the official town seal.
2. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 21, 2022.
3. "Census - Geography Profile: Southbridge Town city, Massachusetts" . Retrieved September 25, 2021.
4. Although it is called the "Town of Southbridge," it is a statutory city of Massachusetts. See Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth .
5.  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Southbridge". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
6. "Total Population (P1), 2010 Census Summary File 1". American FactFinder, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts. United States Census Bureau. 2010.
7. "Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision - GCT-T1. Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
8. "1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1990. Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990. 1990 CP-1-23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
9. "1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1981. Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980. PC80-1-A23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
10. "1950 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21-10 and 21-11, Massachusetts Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
11. "1920 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21-5 through 21-7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1920. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
12. "1890 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
13. "1870 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1872. Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
14. "1860 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1864. Pages 220 through 226. State of Massachusetts Table No. 3. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
15. "1850 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1854. Pages 338 through 393. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
16. "City and Town Population Totals: 2020−2023". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved June 4, 2024.
17. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
18. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
19. http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cisctlist/ctlistalph.htm ^{[ bare URL ]}
20. "Registration and Party Enrollment Statistics as of October 15, 2008" (PDF). Massachusetts Elections Division. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
21. C. B. Tillinghast. The free public libraries of Massachusetts. 1st Report of the Free Public Library Commission of Massachusetts. Boston: Wright & Potter, 1891. Google books
22. Jacob Edwards Library. Retrieved 2010-11-10
23. July 1, 2007 through June 30, 2008; cf. The FY2008 Municipal Pie: What's Your Share? Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Board of Library Commissioners. Boston: 2009. Available: Municipal Pie Reports Archived January 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved 2010-08-04
24. "Home". jacobedwardslibrary.org.
25. "WBUR".

External links

• Town of Southbridge official website
• Jacob Edwards Library
• History and info of Southbridge, MA
• History of Southbridge, MA (PDF)
• The Southbridge Evening News
• The Future of Southbridge
• Southbridge History, Old Newspaper Articles, Genealogy