Rowley, Massachusetts

Rowley, Massachusetts
Town
Rowley, Massachusetts celebrated its 375th anniversary in 2014
Seal
Location in Essex County and the state of Massachusetts.
Coordinates: 42°43′00″N70°52′45″W / 42.71667°N 70.87917°W / 42.71667; -70.87917
Country	United States
State	Massachusetts
County	Essex
Settled	1638
Incorporated	1639
Government
• Type	Open town meeting
Area
• Total	20.3 sq mi (52.7 km2)
• Land	18.2 sq mi (47.2 km2)
• Water	2.2 sq mi (5.6 km2)
Elevation	50 ft (15 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	6,161
• Density	300/sq mi (120/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (Eastern)
ZIP Code	01969
Area code	351/978
FIPS code	25-58405
GNIS feature ID	0618309
Website	www.townofrowley.net

Rowley is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,161 at the 2020 census. ^[1]

Part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Rowley.

History

The area was inhabited by the Agawam people under sachem Masconomet. ^[2] Although the area that would become Rowley was colonized by English settlers starting in 1639, it was not until 1700 that the town would pay Masoconomet's heirs nine pounds for a quitclaim deed. ^[3]

In spring of 1638 Rowley was originally colonized as a plantation by Reverend Ezekiel Rogers, who had arrived from England on the ship John of London with approximately twenty families. The John of London also brought over the first printing press in the colonies, which was later brought to Harvard University. ^[4]

The following fall, on September 4, 1639, the town was incorporated, and included portions of modern-day Byfield, Groveland, Georgetown, and Haverhill. The town was named after Rowley, East Riding of Yorkshire, where Rogers had served as pastor for twenty years before his suspension due to non-conformist Puritan beliefs. Rogers was installed as Rowley's pastor on December 3. ^[5]

1643 and 1645 saw the construction of a fulling mill and grist mill, respectively. The town became known for its hemp and flax cloth, as well as cotton. In 1642, a keystone arch bridge and a dam were built on the Mill River for the fulling mill, the first such in the colonies. The bridge was the first stone arch bridge in North America, constructed entirely of hand-chiseled granite and contained no mortar. It was rebuilt in the mid-19th century. ^[6] In 1669, a sawmill was established in town and is still in business today. A wagon factory was built in 1868 by Moses E. Daniels. Later, at the start of the 20th century, the town had a booming shoe industry, as well as successful boat building businesses. ^[7]

Education

One public elementary school serves Rowley, the Pine Grove Elementary School, located in town center. Middle school students attend Triton Regional Middle School, and high school students attend Triton Regional High School along with Newbury, and Salisbury.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 20.3 square miles (52.7 km²), of which 18.2 square miles (47.1 km²) is land and 2.2 square miles (5.6 km²), or 10.56%, is water. ^[8] Rowley lies along the Atlantic Ocean north of Cape Ann, the mainland separated from the ocean by a small portion of Plum Island and Plum Island Sound. The island and a portion of the marshes south of Mud Creek (part of the town's northern border) are protected as part of the Parker River National Wildlife Refuge. The town has other portions which are protected, including parts of the Mill Creek Wildlife Management Area, the Georgetown-Rowley State Forest, the Willowdale State Forest, the Arthur Ewell Reservation, and the Bay Circuit Trail. Much of the eastern mainland part of town is marshy, feeding Mud Creek, Mill River and the Rowley River, which constitutes part of the town's southern border. This marsh is a portion of the Great Marsh, a major salt marsh which covers the coastal area of the North Shore from Cape Ann north to southern New Hampshire.

Rowley is located 7 miles (11 km) south of Newburyport, 16 miles (26 km) north of Salem, 17 miles (27 km) east of Lawrence, and 28 miles (45 km) northeast of Boston. It is bordered to the north by Newbury, to the northwest by Georgetown, to the west by Boxford, and the south by Ipswich.

Interstate 95 passes through the western end of town, with the nearest exits being in Georgetown and Boxford. U.S. Route 1, known as the Newburyport Turnpike in the area, passes near the geographic center of town, and Massachusetts Route 1A passes through the eastern part of town, through the town center. All three roads are connected by Massachusetts Route 133, which passes from west to east through the town, becoming coextensive with Route 1A just north of the Ipswich town line and heading south with it.

Rowley is one of the stations along the Newburyport/Rockport Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail, providing service between Newburyport to the North Shore and Boston's North Station. The nearest national air service can be found at Boston's Logan International Airport, though Plum Island Airport, a small general aviation airport, is located in neighboring Newburyport.

Climate

Climate data for Rowley, Massachusetts
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	35.1 (1.7)	38.0 (3.3)	45.7 (7.6)	57.0 (13.9)	67.3 (19.6)	76.1 (24.5)	81.6 (27.6)	80.0 (26.7)	72.1 (22.3)	61.1 (16.2)	50.7 (10.4)	40.2 (4.6)	58.7 (14.8)
Daily mean °F (°C)	25.0 (−3.9)	27.5 (−2.5)	35.2 (1.8)	45.6 (7.6)	55.6 (13.1)	64.9 (18.3)	70.5 (21.4)	69.1 (20.6)	61.1 (16.2)	49.6 (9.8)	40.5 (4.7)	30.5 (−0.8)	47.9 (8.8)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	14.9 (−9.5)	17.0 (−8.3)	24.6 (−4.1)	34.2 (1.2)	43.8 (6.6)	53.6 (12.0)	59.3 (15.2)	58.1 (14.5)	50.0 (10.0)	38.1 (3.4)	30.2 (−1.0)	20.8 (−6.2)	37.1 (2.8)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	3.8 (97)	3.6 (91)	5.2 (130)	4.4 (110)	4 (100)	3.8 (97)	3.4 (86)	3.9 (99)	4.5 (110)	4.7 (120)	4.3 (110)	3.8 (97)	49.4 (1,247)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	15.3 (39)	11.4 (29)	11.4 (29)	2.5 (6.4)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.1 (0.25)	1.8 (4.6)	11.3 (29)	53.8 (137.25)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	11.1	8.4	10.3	10.1	11.4	10.6	9.5	8.4	8.5	9.2	10	10	117.5
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)	6.3	4.8	3.7	0.8	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	1	4	20.7
Average relative humidity (%)	16.3	17.4	23.2	32.6	43.6	55	60.6	60.1	53.7	42.1	32.4	22.5	38.3
Source: bestplaces [9]

Demographics

See also: List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1790	1,772	—
1800	1,577	−11.0%
1810	1,682	+6.7%
1820	1,825	+8.5%
1830	2,044	+12.0%
1840	1,203	−41.1%
1850	1,075	−10.6%
1860	1,278	+18.9%
1870	1,157	−9.5%
1880	1,201	+3.8%
1890	1,248	+3.9%
1900	1,391	+11.5%
1910	1,368	−1.7%
1920	1,249	−8.7%
1930	1,356	+8.6%
1940	1,533	+13.1%
1950	1,768	+15.3%
1960	2,783	+57.4%
1970	3,040	+9.2%
1980	3,867	+27.2%
1990	4,452	+15.1%
2000	5,500	+23.5%
2010	5,856	+6.5%
2020	6,161	+5.2%
2023*	6,358	+3.2%
* = population estimate. Source: United States census records and Population Estimates Program data. [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]

As of the census ^[21] of 2000, there were 5,500 people, 1,958 households, and 1,468 families residing in the town. The population density was 293.8 inhabitants per square mile (113.4/km²). There were 2,004 housing units at an average density of 107.1 per square mile (41.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.38% White, 0.24% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 0.27% from other races, and 0.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.85% of the population.

There were 1,958 households, out of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.5% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.23.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $62,130, and the median income for a family was $75,527. Males had a median income of $49,970 versus $32,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $27,413. About 3.3% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 11.4% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Rowley presidential election results ^[22]

Year	Democratic	Republican	Third parties	Total Votes	Margin
2020	51.57%2,180	45.94% 1,942	2.48% 105	4,227	5.63%
2016	44.63% 1,679	48.09%1,809	7.28% 274	3,762	3.46%
2012	44.49% 1,596	53.94%1,935	1.56% 56	3,587	9.45%
2008	48.92% 1,681	49.19%1,690	1.89% 65	3,436	0.26%
2004	46.41% 1,455	52.47%1,645	1.12% 35	3,135	6.06%
2000	46.97%1,293	46.13% 1,270	6.90% 190	2,753	0.84%
1996	51.44%1,289	34.96% 876	13.61% 341	2,506	16.48%
1992	32.29% 805	36.94%921	30.77% 767	2,493	4.65%
1988	40.61% 891	57.89%1,270	1.50% 33	2,194	17.27%
1984	31.92% 623	67.73%1,322	0.36% 7	1,952	35.81%
1980	28.71% 540	53.91%1,014	17.38% 327	1,881	25.20%
1976	40.40% 673	55.28%921	4.32% 72	1,666	14.89%
1972	39.06% 566	59.83%867	1.10% 16	1,449	20.77%
1968	31.60% 395	62.72%784	5.68% 71	1,250	31.12%
1964	47.80% 586	51.71%634	0.49% 6	1,226	3.92%
1960	30.16% 389	69.84%901	0.00% 0	1,290	39.69%
1956	14.24% 145	84.77%863	0.98% 10	1,018	70.53%
1952	17.43% 171	82.26%807	0.31% 3	981	64.83%
1948	24.18% 199	75.09%618	0.73% 6	823	50.91%
1944	25.34% 203	74.66%598	0.00% 0	801	49.31%
1940	25.61% 210	74.15%608	0.24% 2	820	48.54%

Literature

Rowley is the town to which the protagonist flees from fictional Innsmouth in the H. P. Lovecraft short story "The Shadow Over Innsmouth". In the story, Innsmouth is located to the southeast of Rowley.

Rowley is also featured in Chapter Three of The American Pageant , by Thomas A. Bailey, an American history textbook often used in AP United States History courses.

In Chesapeake , James Michener lists Rowley as one of several towns in the 17th century where Quakers were whipped in the town common en route to expulsion into Rhode Island.

In The Nightmare Murders, Ken Blaisdell sets the story about tracking down a serial killer in his original hometown of Rowley.

Rowley lends its namesake to the character of the same name from the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series by Jeff Kinney. ^[23]

In popular culture

The 1947 film 13 Rue Madeleine was filmed in part at the site of the Fenno Estate in Rowley. ^[24]

The 2019 film Sound of Metal was filmed in part in Rowley, particularly on sites around the salt marshes and a scene at the Agawam Diner. ^[25]

Places of Interest

• Agawam Diner
• Chaplin-Clarke House
• Platts-Bradstreet House

Notable people

• Jacob Bailey, author and clergyman of the Church of England
• Jeremiah Chaplin, first President of Colby College
• Parker Cleaveland, geologist and mineralogist
• Henry Harriman, one of the First Seven Presidents of the Seventy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
• Bruce Kimball, retired NFL football player for the Washington Redskins and New York Giants
• Edward Kimball (1823-1901), Sunday School teacher and church debt raiser
• Eddie MacDonald, NASCAR driver
• Jerry Moses, former catcher for the Boston Red Sox
• Josiah Little Pickard, educator
• Nathaniel Prime, merchant and banker based in New York City, pioneer in specializing in trading securities
• Margaret Scott, hanged during the Salem witch trial
• John S. Tenney, former Justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court

See also

• United States portal

• List of mill towns in Massachusetts

References

1. "Census - Geography Profile: Rowley town, Essex County, Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved 7 November 2021.
2. Perley, Sidney (1912). The Indian land titles of Essex County, Massachusetts. The Library of Congress. Salem, Mass. : Essex Book and Print Club.
3. Perley, Sidney (1912). The Indian land titles of Essex County, Massachusetts. The Library of Congress. Salem, Mass. : Essex Book and Print Club.
4. Des Jardins, Merry, and Fyrberg (2002). Images of America: Rowley. The Library of Congress. Charleston, SC. : Arcadia Publishing.
5. Des Jardins, Merry, and Fyrberg (2002). Images of America: Rowley. The Library of Congress. Charleston, SC. : Arcadia Publishing.
6. Des Jardins, Merry, and Fyrberg (2002). Images of America: Rowley. The Library of Congress. Charleston, SC. : Arcadia Publishing.
7. Des Jardins, Merry, and Fyrberg (2002). Images of America: Rowley. The Library of Congress. Charleston, SC. : Arcadia Publishing.
8. "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Rowley town, Essex County, Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved 5 September 2012.
9. "Climate in Rowley, Massachusetts" . Retrieved 24 September 2021.
10. "Total Population (P1), 2010 Census Summary File 1". American FactFinder, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts. United States Census Bureau. 2010.
11. "Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision - GCT-T1. Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
12. "1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1990. Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990. 1990 CP-1-23. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
13. "1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1981. Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980. PC80-1-A23. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
14. "1950 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21-10 and 21-11, Massachusetts Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
15. "1920 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21-5 through 21-7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1920. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
16. "1890 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
17. "1870 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1872. Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
18. "1860 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1864. Pages 220 through 226. State of Massachusetts Table No. 3. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
19. "1850 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1854. Pages 338 through 393. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
20. "City and Town Population Totals: 2020−2023". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved 19 May 2024.
21. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved 31 January 2008.
22. "Election Results".
23. "'Wimpy Kid' Author Answers Kids' Questions". NPR . 22 October 2009. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023.
24. Des Jardins, Merry, and Fyrberg (2002). Images of America: Rowley. The Library of Congress. Charleston, SC. : Arcadia Publishing.
25. "Sound of Metal (2019) Film Locations". . 23 May 2021.{{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)

External links

• Town of Rowley official website
• Chaplin, Joseph. "A Map of Rowley". Essex County 1795. Registry of Deeds Southern Essex District. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
• Anderson, Philander. "Map of Rowley". Essex County 1830. Registry of Deeds Southern Essex District. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
• D.G. Beers & Co. "Rowley". Essex County 1872. Registry of Deeds Southern Essex District. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
• Walker, George. 1884 Atlas of Essex County. 1884 Map of Rowley. Published 1884 by George Walker.
• Vital Records of Rowley to 1849. Originally published by the Essex Institute. Transcribed and put online by John Slaughter and Jodi Salero 2007.