In human anatomy, the arm refers to the upper limb in common usage, although academically the term specifically means the upper arm between the glenohumeral joint and the elbow joint. The distal part of the upper limb between the elbow and the radiocarpal joint is known as the forearm or "lower" arm, and the extremity beyond the wrist is the hand.
The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle. It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow. It then divides into the radial and ulnar arteries which run down the forearm. In some individuals, the bifurcation occurs much earlier and the ulnar and radial arteries extend through the upper arm. The pulse of the brachial artery is palpable on the anterior aspect of the elbow, medial to the tendon of the biceps, and, with the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer, often used to measure the blood pressure.
The omohyoid muscle is a muscle in the neck. It is one of the infrahyoid muscles. It consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. Its inferior belly is attached to the scapula; its superior belly is attached to the hyoid bone. Its intermediate tendon is anchored to the clavicle and first rib by a fascial sling. The omohyoid is innervated by the ansa cervicalis of the cervical plexus. It acts to depress the hyoid bone.
The cubital fossa, antecubital fossa, chelidon, or inside of elbow is the area on the anterior side of the upper part between the arm and forearm of a human or other hominid animals. It lies anteriorly to the elbow (antecubital) when in standard anatomical position. The cubital fossa is a triangular area having three borders.
In human anatomy, the median cubital vein is a superficial vein of the arm on the anterior aspect of the elbow. It classically shunts blood from the cephalic to the basilic vein at the roof of the cubital fossa. It is typically the most prominent superficial vein in the human body, and is visible when all other veins are hidden by fat or collapsed during a shock.
The basilic vein is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of the hand and forearm. It originates on the medial (ulnar) side of the dorsal venous network of the hand and travels up the base of the forearm, where its course is generally visible through the skin as it travels in the subcutaneous fat and fascia lying superficial to the muscles. The basilic vein terminates by uniting with the brachial veins to form the axillary vein.
The ulnar veins are venae comitantes of the ulnar artery. They drain the superficial venous palmar arch. They arise in the hand and terminate by uniting with the radial veins to form the brachial veins. They mostly drain the medial aspect of the forearm. They receive the venae comitantes of the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries near the elbow, as well as a large branch from the median cubital vein. The ulnar veins are larger than the radial veins.
In human anatomy, inferior epigastric vein are 1-2 veins accompanying the inferior epigastric artery. They drain into the external iliac vein just proximal to the inguinal ligament.
In human anatomy, the superior epigastric veins are two or more venae comitantes which accompany either superior epigastric artery before emptying into the internal thoracic vein. They participate in the drainage of the superior surface of the diaphragm.
The middle cardiac vein commences at the apex of the heart. It passes posteriorly along the inferior interventricular sulcus to end at the coronary sinus near the sinus' termination.
The zygomaticofacial foramen is a small opening upon the lateral (facial) surface of the zygomatic bone near the bone's orbital border. It gives passage to the zygomaticofacial nerve, artery, and vein. It is often doubled; it is sometimes absent.
The anterior humeral circumflex artery is an artery in the arm. It is one of two circumflexing arteries that branch from the axillary artery, the other being the posterior humeral circumflex artery. The anterior humeral circumflex artery is considerably smaller than the posterior and arises nearly opposite to it, from the lateral side of the axillary artery.
The posterior humeral circumflex artery arises from the third part of the axillary artery at the distal border of the subscapularis.
The superior thoracic artery is a small artery located near the armpit. It usually originates from the axillary artery, but can instead originate from the thoracoacromial artery. It supplies the pectoralis minor and major muscles, and the chest wall.
The accessory cephalic vein is a variable vein that passes along the radial border of the forearm to join the cephalic vein distal/inferior to the elbow. It may arise from a dorsal forearm venous plexus, or from the ulnar/medial side of the dorsal venous network of hand. In some cases the accessory cephalic springs from the cephalic above the wrist and joins it again higher up. A large oblique branch frequently connects the basilic and cephalic veins on the back of the forearm.
The median antebrachial vein, also known as median vein of forearm, is a superficial vein of the (anterior) forearm. It arises from - and drains - the superficial palmar venous arch, ascending superficially along the anterior forearm before ending by opening into the median cubital vein near the junction with the basilic vein within the cubital fossa; alternately, it may fork distal to the elbow and proceed to drain into both aforementioned veins. A bifurcation of the median antebrachial vein produces the (medial) intermediate basilic vein and the (lateral) intermediate cephalic vein; the two veins produced by such a split may replace the median cubital vein.
The dorsal venous network of the hand is a venous network on the dorsum (backside) of hand. It is formed by the dorsal metacarpal veins, a dorsal digital vein from the radial (lateral) side of the index finger and one from the ulnar (medial) side of the little finger, and both dorsal digital veins of the thumb. The venous network gives rise to the cephalic vein and the basilic vein; an accessory cephalic vein may arise from it as well.
The lateral sacral veins accompany the lateral sacral arteries on the anterior surface of the sacrum. They drain into the internal iliac vein. They communicate with each other via the sacral venous plexus.
The superficial palmar venous arch consists of a pair of venae comitantes accompanying the superficial palmar arch. It receives the common palmar digital veins. It drains into the superficial ulnar radial and superficial radial veins, and the median antebrachial vein.
The dorsal lingual veins are some of the lingual veins. They provide venous drainage to the dorsum of the tongue, and the sides of the tongue. Between the hyoglossus and genioglossus, dorsal lingual veins unite with those lingual veins that are venae comitantes of the lingual artery; these consolidated lingual veins then empty into the internal jugular vein proximal to the greater cornu of hyoid bone.
