| Ceropegia candelabrum | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Apocynaceae |
| Genus: | Ceropegia |
| Species: | C. candelabrum |
| Binomial name | |
| Ceropegia candelabrum | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Ceropegia candelabrum is the type species in its genus of plants, belonging the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. The Latin specific epithet candelabrum is derived from the candelabra-like appearance of the inflorescences.
Ceropegia candelabrum is a perennial, succulent, twining plant with a roundish tuber. The strong, bare shoots have a diameter of 3 to 4 mm. The leaves are stalked. The slightly fleshy leaf blades are linear, elliptical to rounded tip sharpened. They are 2 to 7 cm long and 0.8 to 3.5 cm wide.
The inflorescence is borne on a 1 to 3 cm long stem. The bill umbels carry 5 to 12 flowers. The flower stems are 3 to 10 mm long, the sepals about 4 mm. The corolla is 2.5 to 4.5 cm high, greenish yellow colored with red-brown stripes.
The species is found in India and Sri Lanka as well as in Vietnam [1] before. In India, it blooms from August to January. Fruits are formed from September to January.
The tuberous roots are edible and are eaten especially by the poorest, raw or cooked. The plant is also used for various medicinal purposes, so for hemorrhoids, indigestion, headaches and against bites of poisonous animals.
Ceropegia candelabrum is now in the original area has become quite rare. There are already projects for artificial propagation. [2]
The species was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus. [3] He referred to table 16 of Hortus Indicus Malabaricus published in 1689 by Henricus van Rhede. [4] In 1795 the species was described again by William Roxburgh as Ceropegia tuberosa, [5] making C. tuberosa a junior synonym of C. candelabrum. Ceropegia candelabrum is the type species of the genus Ceropegia L.
Japtap et al. (1999) distinguish two varieties: Ceropegia candelabrum var. candelabrum and Ceropegia candelabrum var. biflora (L.) Ansari The varieties are not listed by the Plant List, [6] nor the Ceropegia Checklist [8].
Ceropegia is a genus of plants within the family Apocynaceae, native to Africa, southern Asia, and Australia. It was named by Carl Linnaeus, who first described this genus in his Genera plantarum, which appeared in 1737. Linnaeus referred to the description and picture of a plant in the Horti Malabarici as the plant for which the genus was created. In 1753 he named this species as Ceropegia candelabrum. Linnaeus did not explain the etymology but later explanations stated that the name Ceropegia was from the Greek word keropegion κηροπηγɩον. This means candelabrum in Latin, which has a broader range than the modern word - "a candlestick, a branched candlestick, a chandelier, candelabrum, or also lamp-stand, light-stand, sometimes of exquisite workmanship".
Rhaponticum repens, synonym Acroptilon repens, with the common name Russian knapweed, is a bushy rhizomatous perennial, up to 80 cm tall. Stems and leaves are finely arachnoid-tomentose becoming glabrous and green with age. The rosette leaves are oblanceolate, pinnately lobed to entire, 2–3 cm wide by 3–8 cm long. The lower cauline leaves are smaller, pinnately lobed; the upper leaves become much reduced, sessile, serrate to entire. The heads are numerous terminating the branches. Flowers are pink to purplish, the marginal ones not enlarged. The outer and middle involucral bracts are broad, striate, smooth with broadly rounded tips; the inner bracts are narrower with hairy tips. Pappus present with bristles 6–11 mm long. Fruit is a whitish, slightly ridged achene.
Species Plantarum is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the starting point for the naming of plants.
Nauclea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The species are evergreen trees or shrubs that are native to the paleotropics. The terminal vegetative buds are usually strongly flattened. The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words naus, meaning "ship" and kleio, meaning "to close". It refers to the resemblance of the cells of the capsule to a ship's hull.
Hortus Malabaricus is a 17th-century botanical treatise on the medicinal properties of flora of the Malabar coast ). It was compiled by Hendrik van Rheede, the Governor of Dutch Malabar from 1669 to 1676. Itty Achudan, a distinguished herbalist from the ancient traditional Ezhava physicians of Kerala, was Van Rheede's key informant who disclosed the Ayurvedic traditional knowledge about the plants of Malabar to him. Hortus Malabaricus was published posthumously in Amsterdam between 1678 and 1693. English and Malayalam translations of Hortus Malabaricus were published by University of Kerala in 2003 and 2008 respectively, which was largely due to the efforts of Professor K. S. Manilal, an Emeritus of the University of Calicut who devoted over 35 years of his life to research for the translation and annotation work of the original text of Hortus Malabaricus in Latin.
Picris hieracioides or hawkweed oxtongue is a species in the daisy family (Asteraceae).
Guettarda is a plant genus in the family Rubiaceae. Most of these plants are known by the common name velvetseed. Estimates of the number of species range from about 50 to 162. Most of the species are neotropical. Twenty are found in New Caledonia and one reaches Australia. A few others are found on islands and in coastal areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Subularia is a genus of plants in the family Brassicaceae. Subularia species are annual herbs that grow in moist or even flooded soils. There are only two species of the genus: Subularia aquatica, which is widespread in North America and Europe; and Subularia monticola, from Africa mountains. Awlwort is a common name for plants in this genus.
Kattungal Subramaniam Manilal is an Emeritus of the University of Calicut, a botany scholar and taxonomist, who devoted over 35 years of his life to research, translation and annotation work of the Latin botanical treatise Hortus Malabaricus. This epic effort brought to light the main contents of the book, a wealth of botanical information on Malabar that had largely remained inaccessible to English-speaking scholars, because the entire text was in the Latin language.
Rumex patientia, known as patience dock, garden patience, herb patience, or monk's rhubarb, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant belonging to the family Polygonaceae. In spring it is often consumed as a leaf vegetable and as a filling in pies in Southern Europe, especially in Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Serbia. It is also used in Romania in spring broths or sarmale.
Avicennia officinalis is a species of mangrove also known as Indian mangrove. It is named after the famous Iranian scientist Ibn Sina. The young tree forms a low, dense bushy crown. When it matures, it forms a columnar tree up to 15 m and may grow up to 30 m. The shiny green leaves, 10 cm long by 5 cm wide, have rounded apexes and golden-brown under leaf and grow in opposites. The flower, the largest among the Avicennia species has a diameter of 6 to 10 mm when expanded. It is orange yellow to lemon yellow in color. The bark is smooth, dirty green to dark gray in color. It is slightly fissured and does not flake. The fruit is green or brown, heart-shaped abruptly narrowed to a short beak, is 2.5 cm long or more.
Cleome ornithopodioides or bird spiderflower is the type species of the genus Cleome which is part of the family Cleomaceae or Brassicaceae. The species epithet means "birds-foot like".
Aegopogon is a genus of New World plants in the grass family.
Elionurus is a genus of Asian, African, Australian, and Neotropical plants in the grass family.
Asplenium viride is a species of fern known as the green spleenwort because of its green stipes and rachides. This feature easily distinguishes it from the very similar-looking maidenhair spleenwort, Asplenium trichomanes.
Asperula tinctoria, common name dyer's woodruff, is a plant in the family Rubiaceae, a native of much of northern and central Europe from France to Russia and also of Western Siberia.
Parsonsia alboflavescens is a woody vine of the family Apocynaceae, found from tropical and subtropical Asia to Northern Australia. In the Northern Territory of Australia, where it occurs in Arnhem Land, it has been declared "near threatened".
Crassula perfoliata is the type species of the genus Crassula, in the flowering plant family Crassulaceae, where it is placed in the subfamily Crassuloideae. It was first formally described by Linnaeus in 1753 as one of 10 species of Crassula. It is from South Africa.
Taxonomic treatment refers to a section in a scientific publication documenting the features of a related group of organisms or taxa. Treatments have been the building blocks of how data about taxa are provided, ever since the beginning of modern taxonomy by Linnaeus 1753 for plants and 1758 for animals. Each scientifically described taxon has at least one taxonomic treatment. In today’s publishing, a taxonomic treatment tag is used to delimit such a section. It allows to make this section findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable FAIR data. This is implemented in the Biodiversity Literature Repository, where upon deposition of the treatment a persistent DataCite digital object identifier (DOI) is minted. This includes metadata about the treatment, the source publication and other cited resources, such as figures cited in the treatment. This DOI allows a link from a taxonomic name usage to the respective scientific evidence provided by the author(s), both for human and machine consumption.
Euphorbia hypericifolia is a species of perennial herb in the genus Euphorbia native to tropical Americas. It can grow up to 2 feet (0.6 m) in height, and contains milky sap which can cause skin and eye irritation.
MY Ansari: Asclepiadaceae: Genus Ceropegia. In: fascicles of Flora of India, Fascicle 16, 1984, S.1-34, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah (S.10-12)
Joseph Dalton Hooker (assisted by various botanists): The flora of British India. Volume 4. Asclepiadeae to Amarantaceae. London, Reeve & Co., 1885. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 70) [1]
Herbert F. J. Huber: Revision of the genus Ceropegia. In: Memórias da Sociedade Broteriana, Volume 12, 1957, S.1-203, Coimbra (S.58-60)
AP Jagtap, N. Singh, N .: Asclepiadaceae and Periplocaceae. In: fascicles of Flora of India, Fascicle 24, 1999 S.211-241, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata (p. 218 / 9).
Ulrich Meve: Ceropegia. In: Focke Albers, Ulrich Meve (ed.): Sukkulentenlexikon Band 3 Asclepiadaceae (milkweed family). S. 61-107, Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3982-0.