Certeza (Portuguese for certainty) was a Cape Verdean literary review established in Praia in 1944. Although the paper was less notoriety than its predecessor Claridade founded in 1936, nevertheless, it was a milestone in Cape Verdean literature.
Its director was Eduino Brito Silva, its editor in chief was Joaquim Ribeiro. Its first issue was published in March 1944. [1] It notably featured Acêrca da Mulher, a reflection on the status of women by Orlanda Amarílis. The second edition was published in June 1944. [2] The review was banned by the censor, [3] the third edition was published on January 1945, [4] the text featured Henrique Teixeira de Sousa's "Homens de hoje" ("Men today").
Other writers include Manuel Ferreira.
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The recorded history of Cape Verde begins with the Portuguese discovery of Cape Verde in 1456. Possible early references to Cape Verde date back at least 2000 years.
Cape Verde is known internationally for morna, a form of folk music usually sung in the Cape Verdean Creole, accompanied by clarinet, violin, guitar and cavaquinho. Funaná, Coladeira, Batuque and Cabo love are other musical forms.
Eugénio de Paula Tavares was a Cape Verdean poet. He is known through his famous poems (mornas), mostly written in the Creole of Brava.
Portuguese is spoken in a number of African countries and is the official language in six African countries: Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe and Equatorial Guinea. There are Portuguese-speaking communities in most countries of Southern Africa, a mixture of Portuguese settlers and Angolans and Mozambicans who left their countries during the civil wars. A rough estimate has it that there are about 14 million people who use Portuguese as their sole mother tongue across Africa, but depending on the criteria applied, the number might be considerably higher, since many Africans speak Portuguese as a second language, in countries like Angola and Mozambique, where Portuguese is an official language, but also in countries like South Africa and Senegal, thanks to migrants coming from Portuguese speaking countries. Some statistics claim that there are over 41.5 million Portuguese speakers in the continent. Africa is, therefore, the continent with the second-most Portuguese speakers in the world, only behind the Americas. Like French and English, Portuguese has become a post-colonial language in Africa and one of the working languages of the African Union (AU) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Portuguese co-exists in Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Principe with Portuguese-based creoles, but Portuguese continues to be the official language of these countries. Additionally, Portuguese has become the national language of Angola, as it is so widely spoken in every segment of society, and serves as the home language of the majority of the Angolan population, particularly in the big towns and cities. A few native African languages continue to be spoken, but are losing ground to Portuguese. In Mozambique, in addition to Portuguese as the official language, it is fast becoming the lingua franca. And as in Angola, Portuguese is the dominant spoken language in the urban areas of the country. In the five former African Portuguese colonies, Portuguese is the language of: commerce, the government, courts, schools and mass media.
Claridade was a literary review inaugurated in 1936 in the city of Mindelo on the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde. It was part of a movement of cultural, social, and political emancipations of the Cape Verdean society. The founding contributors were Manuel Lopes, Baltasar Lopes da Silva, who used the poetic pseudonym of Osvaldo Alcântara, and Jorge Barbosa, born in the Islands of São Nicolau, Santiago and São Vicente, respectively. The magazine followed the steps of the Portuguese neorealist writers, and contributed to the building of "Cape Verdeanity", an autonomous cultural identity for the archipelago.
The Culture of Cape Verde is rich, with a range of customs and practices common in the islands.
Corsino António Fortes was a Cape Verdean writer, poet and diplomat. He served as the first Ambassador of Cape Verde to Portugal from 1975 until 1981 following his country's independence.
Aguinaldo Fonseca was a Cape Verdean poet.
There are 186,817 people residing in São Tomé and Príncipe according to a 2013 estimate published in the CIA World Factbook. Of these, Cape Verdeans and their descendants make up about 3,000 people. They account for more than half of the 6,000 strong population of the island of Príncipe, which in turn accounts for only about 5% of the total population. Most of the Cape Verdeans in the island nation live in poverty.
Orlanda Amarílis Lopes Rodrigues Fernandes Ferreira, known as Orlanda Amarílis was a Cape Verdean writer. She is considered to be a noteworthy writer of fiction whose main literary themes include perspectives on women’s writing, with depictions of various aspects of the lives of Cape Verdean women as well as depictions of the Cape Verdean diaspora. She has been described as "indisputably one of Cape Verde’s most talented writers".
Cape Verde was a colony of the Portuguese Empire from the initial settlement of the Cape Verde Islands in 1462 until the independence of Cape Verde in 1975.
Cape Verde has risen to prominence in a number of sporting areas in recent decades.
Codé di Dona, nickname of Gregório Vaz, was a Cape Verdean musician and composer.
Tomé Varela da Silva is a Cape Verdean writer, poet, philosopher and anthropologist which he studies in an orally tradition and the musical heritage of Cape Verde in which he favored for the usage of Cape Verdean Creole in literature. Himself, he is the author of several poets and stories. His most important works were published in the 1980s and the 1990s
The Literature of Cape Verde is among the most important in West Africa, it is the second richest in West Africa after Mali and modern day Mauritania. It is also the richest in the Lusophone portion of Africa. Most works are written in Portuguese, but there are also works in Capeveredean Creole, French and notably English.
Francisco José Tenreiro was a São Toméan geographer and poet who lived during the colonial era. He was taught at the Overseas Political and Social Sciences Institute, now known as the Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas of the University of Lisbon.
The following lists events that happened during 1944 in Cape Verde.
The archipelago of Cape Verde has been struck by a series of drought-related famines between the 1580s and the 1950s. During these periods of drought and famine, tens of thousands of inhabitants died from starvation and diseases.
Manuel Ferreira was a Portuguese writer.
Pedro Monteiro Cardoso was a Cape Verdean writer, poet and folklorist.