Charaxes smaragdalis

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Charaxes smaragdalis
Charaxes smaragdalis.jpg
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Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Subfamily: Charaxinae
Tribe: Charaxini
Genus: Charaxes
Species:
C. smaragdalis
Binomial name
Charaxes smaragdalis
Butler, [1866] [1]
Synonyms
  • Charaxes smaragdalis f. schoutedeniGhesquière, 1933
  • Charaxes princepsButler, 1896
  • Charaxes smaragdalis orientalisJoicey & Talbot, 1918 (preocc. Lanz, 1896)
  • Charaxes smaragdalis smaragdalis f. benivan Someren, 1964
  • Charaxes smaragdalis leopoldi f. pseudobohemaniPlantrou, 1979
  • Charaxes smaragdalis f. caeruleaCarpenter and Jackson, 1950

Charaxes smaragdalis, the western blue charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from Senegal to Somalia, from Angola to Kenya and from Sudan to Egypt.

Contents

The butterfly's wingspan is 85 to 100 mm. [2]


Description

Ch. smaragdalis Btlr. Both wings above from the base to the apex of the cell black with greenish or bluish reflection, then follows in the male a blue half-band, about 10 mm. in breadth, between the hindmargin and vein 2 or 3 and in each cellule from 3—7 two very widely separated spots, all blue except the distal ones in cellules 6 and 7; in the female there is in the middle a white transverse band, 7 mm. in breadth, running obliquely from the costal margin towards the hinder angle and reaching vein 1; the outer row of spots, which runs almost parallel with the distal margin in the male, is almost identical in the female. The hindwing has behind the apex of the cell a blue transverse band 12 (male)—15 (female) mm. in breadth and is black at the distal margin with blue-white submarginal spots and marginal line. The under surface is dark grey-brown, marked almost as in bohemanni . Niger to Angola and Uganda. — The blue transverse band on the upperside of the hindwing is narrower and everywhere completely separated from the blue marginal line. Sierra Leone to the Gold Coast. [3] See External links for the original description by Arthur Gardiner Butler published in 1866 in The Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London.


Biology

Its habitat is (lowland rainforest in the west, gallery forest in the south, and patches of lowland and montane forest in the east). [4] [5]

Taxonomy

Charaxes tiridates group.

The supposed clade members are:

For a full list see Eric Vingerhoedt, 2013. [6]

Subspecies

Related Research Articles

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<i>Charaxes xiphares</i> Species of butterfly

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<i>Charaxes violetta</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes violetta, the violet-spotted emperor or violet-spotted charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in southern Africa.

<i>Charaxes acuminatus</i> Species of butterfly

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<i>Charaxes lucretius</i> Species of butterfly

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<i>Charaxes ansorgei</i> Species of butterfly

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<i>Charaxes eudoxus</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes eudoxus, the Eudoxus charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Cameroon and Zambia.

<i>Charaxes numenes</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes numenes, the lesser blue charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, the Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania.

<i>Charaxes tiridates</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes tiridates, the common blue charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola and Zambia. The habitat consists of lowland evergreen forests and dense savanna.

<i>Charaxes bipunctatus</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes bipunctatus, the two-spot blue charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Uganda, Sudan, Kenya and Tanzania. A local and uncommon butterfly.

<i>Charaxes mixtus</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes mixtus is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania.

<i>Charaxes imperialis</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes imperialis, the imperial blue charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia.

<i>Charaxes ameliae</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes ameliae, the blue-spotted charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Zambia, Tanzania and Malawi.

<i>Charaxes pythodoris</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes pythodoris, the powder-blue charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia.

<i>Charaxes subornatus</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes subornatus, the ornate green charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya. The habitat consists of evergreen forests.

<i>Charaxes dilutus</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes dilutus is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia and Angola. The habitat consists of tropical evergreen forests.

<i>Charaxes anticlea</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes anticlea, the small flame-bordered charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia.

<i>Charaxes aubyni</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes aubyni is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia.

<i>Charaxes lycurgus</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes lycurgus, the Laodice untailed charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. The habitat consists of lowland evergreen forests and riverine forests.

<i>Charaxes zelica</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes zelica, the zelica untailed charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and possibly Sierra Leone. The habitat consists of forests with altitudes of 800–1,000 metres (2,600–3,300 ft).

References

  1. Butler, A.G. 1866. Monograph of the species of Charaxes, a genus of diurnal Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 622-639.
  2. "ButterflyCorner.net: Charaxes smaragdalis (Western Blue Charaxes)". en.butterflycorner.net. Retrieved 2017-07-27.
  3. Aurivillius, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen Großschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  4. Henning, S.F. 1988 [1989]. The Charaxinae butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg, 1-457
  5. Frankenbach, B. Turlin; [editors:] Erich Bauer, Thomas (2007). Butterflies of the World. Goecke & Evers. p. iv. ISBN   9783937783321.{{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. "African Charaxes/Charaxes Africains Eric Vingerhoedt, 2013". Archived from the original on 2013-06-27.
  7. "Charaxes smaragdalis smaragdalis". African Butterfly Database. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  8. Rothschild, W. 1900 in Rothschild, W., & Jordan, K. 1900. A monograph of Charaxes and the allied prionopterous genera. Novitates Zoologicae 7: [i-iv], 287-524.
  9. "Charaxes smaragdalis butleri". African Butterfly Database. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  10. Carpenter, G.D.H., and Jackson, T.H.E. 1950. New butterflies from East Africa and the Ituri Forest. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 19: 97-108.
  11. Jackson, T.H.E. 1951. Notes on some new or rare Rhopalocera from eastern Africa. Revisional notes and descriptions of some new East African Rhopalocera. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 20: 91-105.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "African Butterfly Database". African Butterfly Database. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  13. van Someren, V.G.L. 1964. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 15:181-235.
  14. Plantrou, J. 1989. In: Henning, 1989. The Charaxinae butterflies of Africa 165 (457 pp.). Johannesburg.
  15. Bryk, F. 1939 in Stichel, 1939. In: Bryk, F., Lepidopterorum Catalogus 30 (91): s’Gravenhage 444 (375-542.
  16. Ghesquière, J. 1933. Variations et aberrations de Lepidopteres (suite). Sur deux races nouvelles de Charaxes smaragdalis Btlr. (Nymph.). Lambillionea 33: 3-6.
  17. Bouyer & Vingerhoedt, E. 1997. Description d’une nouvelle sous-espece de Charaxes smaragdalis Butler, 1865 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 2 (2): 32-33, 36-39.