Charaxes xiphares

Last updated

Forest king emperor
Charaxes xiphares, mannetjie, J Dobson, a.jpg
Male
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Genus: Charaxes
Species:
C. xiphares
Binomial name
Charaxes xiphares
(Stoll, [1781]) [1]
Synonyms
  • Papilio xipharesStoll, 1781
  • Charaxes xiphares bavenda f. ochremaculavan Son, 1935
  • Charaxes xiphares bavenda f. cyanescensvan Son, 1935
  • Charaxes cithaeron var. brevicaudatusSchultze, 1914
  • Charaxes desmondivan Someren, 1939
  • Charaxes xiphares draconis f. candidavan Son, 1953
  • Charaxes xiphares kenwayi f. luteavan Son, 1953
  • Charaxes kulalvan Someren, 1962
  • Charaxes maudeiJoicey & Talbot, 1918
  • Charaxes xiphares xiphares f. occidentalisvan Son, 1953
  • Charaxes xiphares penningtoni f. luminosavan Son, 1953
  • Charaxes xiphares staudei f. arikaeHenning and Henning, 1992
  • Charaxes xiphares staudei f. louisaeHenning and Henning, 1992
  • Papilio thyestesStoll, 1790
  • Charaxes xiphares reductaRothschild, 1929
  • Charaxes xiphares elatiasJordan, 1936
  • Charaxes xiphares walwandi f. namukanaeCollins, 1989 in Henning, 1989

Charaxes xiphares, the forest king emperor or forest king charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is native to Afromontane forest in the eastern and southern Afrotropical realm. [2]

Contents

Description

The wingspan is 65–80 mm for males and 70–95 mm for females. [3] Ch. xiphares Cr. male: the forewing marked almost exactly as in nandina, but the spots blue with the exception of the first two in the distal row; the basal part is tinged with blue, but usually not so distinctly as in the figure. The blue median band of the hindwing is placed further distad, is broader and distally deeply incised at the veins or even almost broken up into spots; small blue submarginal dots and blue or yellowish marginal spots. The female is very different from the male; the forewing is brown-black without blue markings, but with four white discal spots (in the middle of cellule 2, before the middle of 3 and at the base of 4 and 5) and 2 or more white spots behind the middle; small yellowish marginal spots in cellules lb and 2. The hindwing above in the middle between veins 2 and 7 with a very broad (about 15 mm.) ochre-yellow transverse band, distally irrorated with dark, which covers the basal half of cellules 2–6; streak-like blue submarginal spots and narrow yellowish marginal streaks. On the under surface the light spots of the forewing are larger and the hindwing has in the middle an irregular white band, proximally bordered with yellowish; the female is much larger than the Cape Colony, Kaffirland, Natal and Transvaal. Larva green with two whitish, red-centred and black-margined dorsal spots, the larger on segment 6 and the smaller on segment 8. [4]

Biology

The larvae feed on Craibia brevecaudata , Scutia myrtina , Rhamnus prinoides , Cryptocarya woodii , Chaetachme aristata , and Drypetes gerrardii . [2] [3]

Subspecies

Listed alphabetically: [2]

Taxonomy

Charaxes tiridates group.

the supposed clade members are:

For a full list see Eric Vingerhoedt, 2013. [26]

Related Research Articles

<i>Charaxes ethalion</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes ethalion, the satyr emperor or satyr charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in southern Africa.

<i>Charaxes druceanus</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes druceanus, the silver-barred emperor or silver-barred charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found throughout tropical Africa.

<i>Charaxes violetta</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes violetta, the violet-spotted emperor or violet-spotted charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in southern Africa.

<i>Charaxes cithaeron</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes cithaeron, the blue-spotted emperor or blue-spotted charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in south-east Africa.

<i>Charaxes jahlusa</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes jahlusa, the pearl-spotted emperor or pearl spotted charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae found in southern Africa.

<i>Charaxes smaragdalis</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes smaragdalis, the western blue charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from Senegal to Somalia, from Angola to Kenya and from Sudan to Egypt.

<i>Charaxes acuminatus</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes acuminatus, the pointed pearl charaxes or mountain pearl charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

<i>Charaxes lucretius</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes lucretius, the violet-washed charaxes or common red charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.

<i>Charaxes ansorgei</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes ansorgei is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia. The habitat consists of montane forest on altitudes between 2,000 and 3,000 meters. The larvae feed on Bersama abyssinica abyssinica, Bersama abyssinica englerana and Bersama paullinoides.It was once considered to be a very rare species but it is relatively common in dense and inaccessible montane forests

<i>Charaxes numenes</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes numenes, the lesser blue charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, the Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania.

<i>Charaxes bipunctatus</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes bipunctatus, the two-spot blue charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Uganda, Sudan, Kenya and Tanzania. A local and uncommon butterfly.

<i>Charaxes imperialis</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes imperialis, the imperial blue charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia.

<i>Charaxes ameliae</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes ameliae, the blue-spotted charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Zambia, Tanzania and Malawi.

<i>Charaxes pythodoris</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes pythodoris, the powder-blue charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia.

<i>Charaxes subornatus</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes subornatus, the ornate green charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya. The habitat consists of evergreen forests.

<i>Charaxes anticlea</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes anticlea, the small flame-bordered charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia.

<i>Charaxes baumanni</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes baumanni, the little charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Sudan, Kenya, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The habitat consists of open forests and woodland.

<i>Charaxes aubyni</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes aubyni is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia.

<i>Charaxes zelica</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes zelica, the zelica untailed charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and possibly Sierra Leone. The habitat consists of forests with altitudes of 800–1,000 metres (2,600–3,300 ft).

<i>Charaxes porthos</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes porthos, the Porthos untailed charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Tanzania.

References

  1. ↑ Stoll, C . [1781] in Stoll, C. [1780-2]. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerrelddeelen Asia, Africa en America 4 [part]: 171 (29-252). Amsteldam & Utrecht.
  2. 1 2 3 Savela, Markku. "Charaxes xiphares (Stoll, [1781])". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  3. 1 2 Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN   978-1-86872-724-7.
  4. ↑ Aurivillius, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen Großschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  5. ↑ van Son, G. 1935. New butterflies from South Africa. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 485-489.
  6. ↑ Plantrou, J. 1975. Note sur Charaxes xiphares Cramer (lepidoptere - Nymphalidae) avec la description d’une nouvelle sous-espece du Zaire. Lambillionea 75 (Jubilee Volume): 102-105.
  7. ↑ Schultze, A. 1914. Eine neue Charaxes form aus Deutsch=Ostafrika. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.8.): 3.
  8. 1 2 Van Son , G. 1953. A revision of the subspecies and forms of Charaxes cithaeron Felder and Charaxes xiphares (Cramer). Annals of the Transvaal Museum 22 (2): 219-230.
  9. ↑ van Someren, V.G.L. 1939. New and little-known Lepidoptera from Kenya and Uganda.Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 14: 172-180.
  10. ↑ Jordan, K., 1936 . On two South African Charaxes (Lepid., Nymphalidae). Novitates Zoologicae 39: 330-333.
  11. ↑ Poulton, , E.B. 1929 in Eltringham, H., Poulton, E.B., Riley, N.D., & Talbot, G. 1929. African Rhopalocera: descriptions and notes. Transactions of the Entomologial Society of London 77: 475-504.
  12. ↑ Plantrou, J. 1976 Notes on Charaxes xiphares Cramer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and a description of a new subspecies. Proceedings and Transactions of the British Entomological and Natural History Society 9 (3-4): 94-97.
  13. ↑ van Someren, V.G.L. 1969. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part V. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 23: 75-166.
  14. ↑ van Someren, V.G.L. 1962. A new Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Northern Frontier Province of Kenya. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 31: 44-46.
  15. ↑ Rousseau-Decelle, G. 1933. Notes sur quelques formes nouvelles des genres Papilio et Charaxes [Lep.]. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 38: 269-273.
  16. ↑ Joicey , J.J., & Talbot, G. 1918. New butterflies from Africa and the east. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1917: 271-272
  17. 1 2 Collins, S. C in Henning, S.F. 1988 [1989]. The Charaxinae butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg, 1-457.
  18. ↑ Pringle, E.L. 1995c. A new subspecies of Charaxes xiphares (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Metamorphosis 6 (4): 176-179.
  19. ↑ Plantrou, J. 1981. Description d’une sous-espece de Charaxes xiphares (Cramer) recemment decouverte en Tanzanie et revision de la liste systematique de l’espece. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 86 (5-6): 159-166.
  20. ↑ Henning, S.F., & Henning, G.A. 1992. Descriptions of two new subspecies of Charaxes Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Blouberg in the Northern Transvaal, South Africa. Metamorphosis 3 (3): 115-120.
  21. ↑ Stoll, C. [1787-1790]. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerelddeelen Asia, Africa en America [supplement]: viii + 1-184. Amsterdam.
  22. ↑ Plantrou, J. 1976. Nouvelle note sur Charaxes xiphares Cramer (Lepidoptera – Nymphalidae) avec la description d’une nouvelle sous-espece du Zaire. Lambillionea 76 (7-8): 64-66.
  23. ↑ van Son , G. 1936 Description of a new race of Charaxes xiphares (Cr.) from Southern Rhodesia (Lepid.). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 5: 201-207.
  24. ↑ Joicey, J.J., & Talbot, G. 1927 New forms of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Encyclopedie Entomologique (B.3 Lepidoptera) 2: 1-14.
  25. ↑ van Someren, V.G.L. 1964. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 15:181-235.
  26. ↑ "African Charaxes/Charaxes Africains Eric Vingerhoedt, 2013". Archived from the original on 2013-06-27.

Consortium for the Barcode of Life images

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.