| Chlidonophora chuni | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Brachiopoda |
| Class: | Rhynchonellata |
| Order: | Terebratulida |
| Family: | Chlidonophoridae |
| Genus: | Chlidonophora |
| Species: | C. chuni |
| Binomial name | |
| Chlidonophora chuni Blochmann, 1903 [1] | |
Chlidonophora chuni(Blochmann, 1903) is a extant species of brachiopods in the family Chlidonophoridae. [2]
Chlidonophora chuni is extant to the present day but its complete fossil range is unknown as all occurrences of the species were of living organisms. There have been 19 occurrences of this species, most in the Indian ocean around Madagascar. [2]
Chlidonophora chuni lives in the subtropical waters off the eastern coast of Africa in the Benthic zone. It is blind like all other species of Rhynchonellata. It is stationary and attached to a surface like all other brachiopods. It is a filter feeder (also known as suspension feeder) and its diet consists of suspended food particles like phytoplankton. It also has a taphonomy of low mg calcite like all other brachiopods. [3] It is gonochoric, i.e. there are 2 genders, male and female like humans. [4]
Eggs are shed into the water and are fertilized during the time of spawning. They hatch into free swimming larvae which later metamorphose into adults that are stationary. [4]
Sillimanite is an aluminosilicate mineral with the chemical formula Al2SiO5. Sillimanite is named after the American chemist Benjamin Silliman (1779–1864). It was first described in 1824 for an occurrence in Chester, Connecticut.
Albite is a plagioclase feldspar mineral. It is the sodium endmember of the plagioclase solid solution series. It represents a plagioclase with less than 10% anorthite content. The pure albite endmember has the formula NaAlSi
3O
8. It is a tectosilicate. Its color is usually pure white, hence its name from Latin, albus. It is a common constituent in felsic rocks.
Craniata is a class of brachiopods originating in the Cambrian period and still extant today. It is the only class within the subphylum Craniiformea, one of three major subphyla of brachiopods alongside linguliforms and rhynchonelliforms. Craniata is divided into three orders: the extinct Craniopsida and Trimerellida, and the living Craniida, which provides most information on their biology. Living members of the class have shells which are composed of calcite, though some extinct forms my have aragonite shells. The shells are inarticulate and are usually rounded in outline. There is no pedicle, with the rear edge of the body cavity having the form of a smooth and flat wall perforated by the anus.
Latimeriidae is the only extant family of coelacanths, an ancient lineage of lobe-finned fish. It contains two extant species in the genus Latimeria, found in deep waters off the coasts of southern Africa and east-central Indonesia. In addition, several fossil genera are known from the Mesozoic of Europe, the Middle East, and the southeastern United States, dating back to the Triassic.
Dictyothyris is an extinct genus of brachiopods that lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous throughout what is now Europe and North Africa.
Brachiopods, phylum Brachiopoda, are a phylum of trochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, while the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection. Two major categories are traditionally recognized, articulate and inarticulate brachiopods. The word "articulate" is used to describe the tooth-and-groove structures of the valve-hinge which is present in the articulate group, and absent from the inarticulate group. This is the leading diagnostic skeletal feature, by which the two main groups can be readily distinguished as fossils. Articulate brachiopods have toothed hinges and simple, vertically-oriented opening and closing muscles. Conversely, inarticulate brachiopods have weak, untoothed hinges and a more complex system of vertical and oblique (diagonal) muscles used to keep the two valves aligned. In many brachiopods, a stalk-like pedicle projects from an opening near the hinge of one of the valves, known as the pedicle or ventral valve. The pedicle, when present, keeps the animal anchored to the seabed but clear of sediment which would obstruct the opening.
†Holopeidae is an extinct family of paleozoic gastropod mollusks. These molluscs were stationary epifaunal suspension feeders.
Mitrastemon is a genus of two widely disjunct species of parasitic plants. It is the only genus within the family Mitrastemonaceae. Mitrastemon species are root endoparasites, which grow on Fagaceae. It is also a non-photosynthetic plant that parasitizes other plants such as Castanopsis sieboldii. The parasitic plant was first discovered by botanist Eizi Matuda during an expedition to Mt. Ovand in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. The different species were originally named by a friend of Matuda, Yamamoto in 1925–1926. Mitrastemon yamamotoi is a protandrous plant. Its flowers go through a male phase before transforming into their final female form. The flowers of M. yamamotoi attract a variety of insects ranging from wasps to flies and beetles. Among these, beetles are the best pollinators for this plant since their visit to the flower would pick up a large amount of pollen and they would pollinate from each of the flowers that they had already visited. The plant is endemic to tropical and subtropical forest regions such as Southeast Asia and Japan.
Spirifer is a genus of marine brachiopods belonging to the order Spiriferida and family Spiriferidae. Species belonging to the genus lived from the Middle Ordovician (Sandbian) through to the Middle Triassic (Carnian) with a global distribution. They were stationary epifaunal suspension feeders.
Holopea is an extinct genus of fossil sea snails, Paleozoic gastropod mollusks in the family Holopeidae.
Gigantoproductus giganteus is an extinct species of brachiopods in the family Monticuliferidae, known only from its fossil remains. It was a marine invertebrate found on the seabed in shallow seas. It evolved during the Carboniferous period and it is believed to be the largest brachiopod that has ever existed.
Peregrinella is an extinct Early Cretaceous rhynchonellid genus with scattered, global representation from North America to Europe and Tibet. These brachiopods are stationary epifaunal suspension feeders, its most distinguishing feature is the size, considered to be the largest of all Mesozoic rhynchonellids, which has long puzzled paleontologists because of its unusual morphology, stratigraphic occurrence, and distribution patterns.
Galeocerdo alabamensis is an extinct relative of the modern tiger shark. Nomenclature of this shark has been debated, and recent literature identified it more closely with the Physogaleus genus of prehistoric shark, rather than Galeocerdo. The classification of Physogaleus is known as tiger-like sharks while Galeocerdo refers to tiger sharks. In 2003, P. alabamensis was classified as Galeocerdo. However, in 2019 they were proclaimed to be more morphologically similar to the genus Physogaleus. This definition was based primarily on tooth shape, as the majority of information on P. alabamensis is a result of studying tooth fossils. Distinctions between Physogaleus and Galeocerdo are difficult with extinct sharks from the Oilgocene/Miocene as there is little paleobiological information allowing for hard conclusions.
Juresania is an extinct genus of brachiopod that existed from the Carboniferous to the Permian.
The following is a taxonomy of extant (living) Brachiopoda by Emig, Bitner & Álvarez (2019). There are over 400 living species and over 120 living genera of brachiopods classified within 3 classes and 5 orders, listed below. Extinct groups are not listed.
Chlidonophoridae is a family of brachiopods belonging to the order Terebratulida.
Chlidonophora is a genus of marine animals in the phylum Brachiopoda belonging to the family Chlidonophoridae.
Dallithyris is a genus of brachiopods belonging to the family Terebratulidae.
Saffordia is an extinct genus of bivalve mollusc of the order Modiomorphida. It lived during the middle to late Ordovician. Based on other members of it family, this clam was a stationary epifaunal suspension feeder. Its only species is Saffordia ventralis, which features a prominent escutcheon and is similar to – possibly synonymous with – Heikea. The clam can be distinguished from others due to its parallel shell haves with noticeable notches at the end.
Rhea fossilis is an extinct species of rhea that inhabited Argentina during the Neogene period. Its closest living relatives are the greater rhea and the lesser rhea.
 | This article needs additional or more specific categories .(November 2022) |