Citron-bellied attila

Last updated

Citron-bellied attila
Attila citriniventris - Citron-bellied Attila; Careiro, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Tyrannidae
Genus: Attila
Species:
A. citriniventris
Binomial name
Attila citriniventris
Attila citriniventris map.svg

The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. [2] It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. [3]

Contents

Taxonomy and systematics

From early in the twentieth century until the 1970s many authors classified genus Attila in family Cotingidae; after that it was recognized as belonging to family Tyrannidae. [4]

The citron-bellied attila is monotypic. [2]

Description

The citron-bellied attila is 18 to 18.5 cm (7.1 to 7.3 in) long and weighs 30 to 38 g (1.1 to 1.3 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a dark gray crown and face. Their upperparts and tail are mostly rufous-brown with a paler cinnamon-rufous rump. Their wings are dusky. Their throat is grayish white. Their underparts are mostly bright ochraceous that is yellower on the belly; the lower throat and breast have faint dusky streaks. They have a dark reddish brown iris, a grayish maxilla, a gray-tipped pinkish mandible, and gray legs and feet. [5]

Distribution and habitat

The citron-bellied attila has a disjunct distribution in the western Amazon Basin. Its main range extends from eastern Colombia south through extreme eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru and from that area east into far southern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil to the Negro River. Scattered populations are found further west in Colombia and further east in Brazil. [5] It first was found in Bolivia, in the extreme northeast, in the early 2000s. [6] It primarily inhabits the interior and edges of terra firme forest. [5] In elevation it reaches 300 m (1,000 ft) in Colombia and Ecuador, 400 m (1,300 ft) in Venezuela, and 500 m (1,600 ft) in Brazil. [7] [8] [9] [10]

Behavior

Movement

The citron-bellied attila is believed to be a year-round resident. [5]

Feeding

The citron-bellied attila feeds primarily on large arthropods and also includes fruit in its diet. It typically forages singly, sometimes in pairs, and sometimes joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It mostly forages from the forest's mid-story to its canopy. It takes prey and fruits by gleaning from vegetation and branches after a short sally from a perch. [5]

Breeding

Nothing is known about the citron-bellied attila's breeding biology. [5]

Vocalization

The citron-bellied attila's song is "a series of [about] 4–6 loud, rapid and slightly rising whee whistles followed by lower-pitched wu". It also makes "a flat-pitched whee-whee-whee-whee-whee". [5]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the citron-bellied attila as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered uncommon in Colombia and Peru, "rare and seemingly local" in Ecuador, and fairly common in Brazil. [7] [8] [11] [10] In Venezuela it is known only from a small number of records. [9] It is found in several protected areas. [5]

References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2024). "Citron-bellied Attila Attila citriniventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024: e.T22700343A264276743. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22700343A264276743.en . Retrieved 7 August 2025.
  2. 1 2 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (March 2025). "Tyrant flycatchers". IOC World Bird List. v 15.1. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
  3. ↑ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 30 March 2025. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved 30 March 2025
  4. ↑ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 July 2025. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 31, 2025
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Walther, B. (2020). Citron-bellied Attila (Attila citriniventris), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.cibatt1.01 retrieved August 7, 2025
  6. ↑ Tobias, J.A. and Seddon, N. (2007). Nine bird species new to Bolivia and notes on other significant records. Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 127(1): 49–84.
  7. 1 2 McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010). Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 168. ISBN   978-0-9827615-0-2.
  8. 1 2 Ridgely, Robert S.; Greenfield, Paul J. (2001). The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide. Vol. II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 518. ISBN   978-0-8014-8721-7.
  9. 1 2 Hilty, Steven L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela (second ed.). Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 621.
  10. 1 2 van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 330–331. ISBN   978-0-19-530155-7.
  11. ↑ Schulenberg, T.S.; Stotz, D.F.; Lane, D.F.; O'Neill, J.P.; Parker, T.A. III (2010). Birds of Peru. Princeton Field Guides (revised and updated ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 482. ISBN   978-0691130231.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.